Empty tomb
After 1978, many historical memories began to recover.
With the deepening of research, the Westernization Movement changed its image in the debate among scholars. This time, the Westernization School was regarded as "the beginning of China's transformation from feudal society to capitalist modernization, and the beginning of China's transformation from closed door to reform and opening up." It should have a certain historical position and should not be erased. "Representatives of the Westernization Movement, such as Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and Zhang Zhidong, are called traitors, executioners, traitors and comprador." Now we should evaluate their merits and demerits realistically. "
Academic seminars such as "Zhang Zhidong in Hubei" and "Zhang Zhidong and China Modernization" were held one after another. 1In August, 998, Hebei People's Publishing House published The Complete Works of Zhang Zhidong, with 299 volumes of text and 6 volumes of appendix.
Almost at the same time as this cultural renaissance, the economic tide also swept through. "Cultural platform, economic opera" has sprung up all over the country. In the 1990s, Zhang Zhidong's photos and epitaphs began to appear prominently in the exquisite picture books printed in Nanpi County. Zhang Zhidong has become a "cultural card" in Nanpi, an underdeveloped county.
1in the spring of 993, Nanpi county government rebuilt Zhangzhidong cemetery. At the same time, the "Zhang Park" Preparatory Committee was established. The "Zhang Park" project covers an area of more than 500 mu with an investment of 30 million yuan. At that time, the annual economic income of Nanpi County was only 20 million yuan.
In the same year, 65438+1October 4th was the 84th anniversary of Zhang Zhidong's death. Nanpi held a large-scale public sacrifice event. Zhang Houcan, a famous psychologist and granddaughter of Zhang Zhidong, was also invited to attend. After seeing the planning of this "Zhang Park", she proposed: "The intention of the county leaders is positive, but I think it is a bit big, with an investment of 30 million. The county's annual income is only 20 million pounds. If the plan fails, "I think a bow memorial hall should be built first." "Hundreds of thousands are enough, and we will slowly find development in the future." But this suggestion was not adopted.
Sure enough, shortly after the public sacrifice, the preparatory work was in trouble. Only 300,000-400,000 yuan was raised from financial investment and social donations, and some activities were put into it, such as tomb repair, monument erection and memorial service. Scarce funds can hardly meet the huge planning needs, and there is no way to attract investment. No one cares about the cemetery, and the preparatory office quietly moved away.
What is even more embarrassing is that such a large-scale public sacrifice activity actually built an empty tomb. Zhang Houcan still remembers asking his grandfather if he found his bones. The other man replied that he found them and buried them in it. "I learned later that it was just an empty grave."
Although the empty tomb disappointed Zhang Houcan, it was coveted by thieves. In the spring of 2002, the newly built empty tomb of Zhang Zhidong was stolen. Grave robbers dug a big hole about two meters deep in the south, middle and upper parts of the tomb, and scattered loess around the wheat fields. As you can imagine, the thief came back depressed.
"In the second year of Tomb-Sweeping Day, I came to the tomb of Zhang Zhidong. I saw that the monument in front of the grave was still scattered, but the pit dug in front of the grave was not filled. There is a string of Pak Lei on the falling rock box. " Wang Yuliang recalled.
Zhang Zhixin said that at the end of autumn, all the workers in the village went to dig a river. He and several women went to dig cotton and firewood in the field next to Zhang Zhidong's cemetery. Only Zhang Zhidong's body and a woman's body are intact and their faces are clear. The bodies of the other two women have rotted to bones. Several women said they were a little scared, so Zhang Zhixin dragged Zhang Zhidong's body and a woman's body to the original grave and reburied them with a hoe. The bodies of the other two ladies are missing.
Bury again
In September, 2004, the Cultural Manifesto initiated and signed by linguist Xu Jialu, scientist, sinologist Ji Xianlin, philosopher Ren and writer Wang Meng called for re-evaluation and reconstruction of cultural traditions and promotion of the core values of China traditional culture. The return of traditional culture has once again become a social upsurge. People began to re-examine the cultural value of "the combination of Chinese and western" proposed by Zhang Zhidong more than 0/00 years ago.
In fact, in the nearly hundred years after Zhang Zhidong's death, this value has been constantly mentioned at every key turning point of culture. 1927, Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, threw himself into the lake, and Chen Yinque, a cultural master, wrote a poem for him: "Who was the big compass that day?" The South Pacific Insurance Party is very cunning. Loyalty, diligence, eagerness to learn, and using resources to lure Chinese and western sports ",while mourning old friends, re-evaluated the value of the New Deal and Zhang Zhidong in the late Qing Dynasty. He even publicly declared that "the idea lies in Xianfeng and Tongzhi, and the matter of southern Hunan and Nanpi is under discussion. "
In the 1990s, when China was once again at the crossroads of the collision between eastern and western cultures, many scholars pointed out that Zhang Zhidong's theory of "combining Chinese and western cultures" not only gave vent to the strong national feelings of scholars, but also took into account the old and new cultural psychology, which played a buffering role in the conflict between Chinese and western heterogeneous cultures.
Nowadays, Chen and others' "Chinese style" is no longer Zhang Zhidong's regular teaching, but has become synonymous with China's traditional culture. Since the Republic of China, the scope of "Westernization" has exceeded the degree of Westernization. As a mode of cultural choice, the academic value of Zhang Zhidong's mature theory of "combining Chinese and Western" is far greater than its political function.
This upsurge of revaluation and reconstruction of cultural traditions has promoted the re-examination of Zhang Zhidong. In 2006, Xing Jiaxun, president of Zhangzhidong Research Association in Nanpi County, began to organize many investigations, searches and explorations of the elderly. A year later, after repeated persuasion at the seminar, Zhang Zhixin finally spoke-when he personally buried Zhang Zhidong's body. Only in this way can we solve the mystery of Zhang Zhidong's second burial.
Zhang Zhixin said that at the end of autumn, all the workers in the village went to dig a river. He and several women went to dig cotton and firewood in the field next to Zhang Zhidong's cemetery. Only Zhang Zhidong's body and a woman's body are intact and their faces are clear. The bodies of the other two women have rotted to bones. Several women said they were a little scared, so Zhang Zhixin dragged Zhang Zhidong's body and a woman's body to the original grave and reburied them with a hoe. The bodies of the other two ladies are missing.
"I only know that Zhang Zhidong is an official of the country and the people. He is a good man. Besides, ordinary people are too wicked! " After Zhang wrote a letter to bury his bones, he repeatedly told the insider not to tell anyone, lest the rebels know. "At that time, it was like the two of us sitting on the kang chatting. If we are caught colluding, we may be criticized. I have been afraid to say it for so many years, but I just don't know what will happen if I say it. This time, I think the government is sincerely looking for it, and I am not afraid. "
According to the location designated by Zhang Zhixin, on June 9, 2007 at 6: 00 am, two bones were found side by side near the original tomb of Zhang Zhidong, one on the left was a male bone and the other on the right was a female bone. The institute determined: "After measurement, its remains are the same as those of Zhang Zhidong in history. There are no other tombs within tens of meters of Fiona Fang near Zhang Zhidong's tomb, which are basically the remains of Zhang Zhidong. "
After the body was found, it was temporarily parked in Nanpi Martyrs Cemetery. To be prudent, the research society accepted the advice of Zhang Zhidong's descendants and took out three teeth and a femur from the remains. Zhang Houshen, the grandson of Zhang Zhidong, provided three hairs and sent them to the appraisal center of the Ministry of Public Security for appraisal. "Zhang Zhidong slept underground for several years, and was later killed and buried deep underground. It has been polluted for nearly a hundred years. It is difficult to identify. " Criminals set an example.
Local media recently said that the body was "finally confirmed" in mid-July this year after nearly a year of identification. Preparations for Zhang Zhidong's cemetery have begun.
If there are no accidents, the body will be buried in the cemetery on the 99th anniversary of Zhang Zhidong's death on October 4th, 65438/KLOC-0. This will be Zhang Zhidong's fourth funeral. "Flowers are like snow and trees" may reappear, but the gloomy forest is gone. "We have forgotten our own affairs now, and reconstruction is not just as simple as repairing graves." Zhang Zhidong's granddaughter Zhang Houcan said: