Essent Van Gogh 1853~1890

Is an outstanding representative of post-Impressionism

His paintings are divided into five periods

Characteristics of representative works of the period

Potato Eaters 1 in the Dutch period has a dark tone and 2 targets farmers

During the Paris period, boulevard de chehy 1 painted 29 self-portraits

1886~1887 the banks of seine 2 Neo-Impressionism

Sunflowers of the Albanian period (not one, full color

Two of them are now in Japan)

Night Cafe

Harvest

Yellow House

St-Remy Period

Irises

Cypress

The Auvers Period

Portrait of Dr. Gachet

The Church in Auvers

Crows on the Wheatfield

Tree roots

Written the last letter to his brother Theo on July 23, 1890

Suicide on July 27

Red Vineyard was the only thing he had left before his death Sold paintings

(The above is my own knowledge accumulation) Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was born in a Protestant pastor's family in the town of Zandert, Netherlands, before the age of 24 , worked as a clerk in Gupil's painting shop in The Hague, London, Paris and other places. Later he became a missionary and preached in the Borinage mining area in southwestern Belgium. He was dismissed because of his sympathy and support for the requirements of the poor miners. After living a life of extreme disappointment and poverty, he decided to achieve his own liberation through the exploration of art. After 1880, he studied everywhere, seeking advice from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Belgium and the Dutch landscape painter Anton Moff, but in the end he decided to teach himself. He overcame various difficulties and tried to express the world according to his own understanding. Before 1886, his works were still in a period of exploration. His representative works include "The Potato Eaters" and "The Weavers". In 1886, Van Gogh came to Paris with his younger brother, who was a senior staff member of Goupil's painting shop, and met Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin, Pissarro, Seurat and Cézanne, and joined the Impressionist Painters Association. their gathering. This greatly broadened his artistic horizons, and he began to paint in a completely different way from the past, with strong colors and bright tones. In February 1888, he and Gauguin went to Arles in southern France to sketch and paint for a year. This was the most important period in the formation of his artistic style. The strong sunshine of the South and the towns, fields, flowers, rivers, farmhouses and churches illuminated by the sun made him unable to help but shout over and over again: "Brighter, brighter." Some!"

At this time, he and Gauguin had already diverged from the views of Impressionism, but at the same time they had a strong interest in Expressionism or Symbolism. Therefore, there were plans to establish "Southern Impressionism" or "Impressionist Secession". Later, due to the deterioration of the relationship between the two, Gauguin left, and Van Gogh gradually suffered a mental breakdown after the incident of cutting off his own ear. Therefore, they did not form any group. In 1890, after a long-term hospitalization in the Demosol Mental Hospital in Saint-Rémy, and after his condition improved slightly, Van Gogh returned to Paris and lived in Auvers-sur-Oise, where he received specialized treatment from Dr. Gasset. He also painted diligently, including "Portrait of Dr. Gasset", "The Church of Orwell", etc. However, on October 27, 1890, after a quarrel with Dr. Gasser, he suddenly shot himself and ended his life.

Van Gogh left a wealth of works throughout his life, and it was not until after his death that he was gradually recognized by people. In these works, the author prominently pursues the expression of his own spirit, and all forms jump and twist under the intense spiritual control. ‘Such art had a profound influence on expressionism in the 20th century, especially Soutine and the German Expressionist painters, who absorbed many important principles from the works of Van Gogh. He is the greatest Dutch painter with worldwide influence after Rembrandt. However, while he was still alive, he only sold one painting a year.

Work "Sunflowers" In February 1888, the 35-year-old Van Gogh came to Arles from Paris and came to this small town in southern France to look for his sunshine, his wheat fields, and his sunflowers. Van Gogh created a large number of works depicting sunflowers. He said: "Sunflowers can be called my things." This painting (see "Sunflowers" in commemoration of Van Gogh) is the most famous of them and is now in the National Gallery in London. At the London auction, Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" (it's this still life: 15 sunflowers in a bottle) was bought by the Japanese for a sky-high price of 39.9 million U.S. dollars. This news shocked the world!

On March 30, 1987, "Sunflower" sold for US$39.9 million;

Later, on November 11, 1987, "Iris" sold for US$53 million;

Later, on May 15, 1990, the "Portrait of Doctor Gachet" was sold for US$82.5 million. This was the highest price ever paid for an art auction!

Later, on November 19, 1998 , a beardless self-portrait by Van Gogh sold for $71.5 million.

"Irises" was completed in May 1889.

Like sunflowers, Van Gogh seemed to like painting this plant.

In 1892, Tanguy (a friend of Van Gogh) sold the painting to the critic Octave Mirbeau, one of Van Gogh's earliest admirers, for 300 francs. This painting, like many other Van Gogh paintings, continued to be bought and sold after his death.

On November 11, 1987, at the auction, someone bid a sky-high price of US$53 million.

"Starry Night" On May 8, 1889, Van Gogh came to Saint-Remy, 25 kilometers away from Arles, and was treated in a mental hospital. He was voluntary, and at that time, the doctor allowed him to go out to sketch during the day. The village in this painting is Saint-Rémy. In June, a month after he was hospitalized, he painted this painting. It is said that this painting was painted by Van Gogh based on his memory and imagination. Now in the Museum of Modern Art, New York.

"Auvers Church" In June 1890, Van Gogh was receiving treatment from Dr. Gachet in Auvers while creating. This painting is a representative work of this period. He depicts Auvers. The main church in the area was built in the 12th and 13th centuries, combining Romanesque and Gothic styles. It still stands there today, and next to it is a sign with this picture printed on it: Orville Church".

More than a month later, Van Gogh committed suicide...

"Crows on the Wheat Field" "In the countryside around the town of Auvers on the Oise River, the farmland is endless and undulating. The farmland was so uneven that it attracted a large flock of crows every harvest time. This farmland fascinated Van Gogh. Although his mental condition was deteriorating day by day, he still worked tirelessly..."

May 17, 1890 On that day, Van Gogh came to Auvers, not far from Paris, to continue treatment. He met Gachet, a doctor who loved art. Van Gogh lived above a cafe. At the beginning, he was in a good mood and had a good relationship with others. .But not long after, "sadness and depression occupied his sensitive heart again" and he painted "Crows on the Wheat Field"...

A few weeks later, on July 27, 1890, he As usual, he went to the wheat field to paint. "Next to the compost pile in the farmyard a few hundred meters away from where he lived," he raised his pistol and shot himself in the chest, missing his heart. He "swayed back" "Bedroom". That night, Van Gogh held his pipe in his mouth without saying a word. The next day, Van Gogh also talked about his views on art with Theo who came to see it. At night, he began to feel weak. July 29, 1890 At 1:30 in the morning on the same day, Van Gogh stopped breathing... He was only 37 years old.

(Note: There are many theories about the circumstances of Van Gogh's suicide on the day, the above is just one of them.)

His last words were: "The sadness will last forever."

After Van Gogh died, his brother Theo was in great pain. Six months later, on January 25, 1891, Theo passed away. They were buried together in Orville Cemetery.

Chronology of Vincent Van Gogh:

Groot Zendet, born on March 30, 1853 in Brabant, southern Netherlands, was a Dutch Protestant pastor Theo The eldest son of Dolles van Gogh (1822-1885) and Anna Cornelia Carpenter (1819-1907).

On February 17, 1855, Vincent's sister Anna Corinia Van Gogh was born.

On January 5, 1857, Van Gogh’s lifelong confidant, his younger brother Theo, was born.

On March 16, 1859, sister Elizabeth Van Gogh was born.

On March 16, 1862, sister Wilhelmina Van Gogh was born.

1866 The earliest drawings were made at the Zevenbergen boarding school.

In 1866, from boarding in Zevenbergen, a village in Zendet, Van Gogh entered the grammar school in Tillburg; in Paris, the painters who formed the later Impressionist school began to paint under the influence of Cofer. Jerbois gathered.

On May 17, 1867, his younger brother Cornelius Van Gogh was born.

Leaved Tilberg Grammar School in March 1868.

In March 1869, he worked as a clerk in the Hague branch of Gupil Art Company, and then went to work in the Brussels branch.

1871 The family moved to Herwalt.

1872 Began correspondence with Theo, who was at school.

Monet created "Impression, Sunrise"

In May 1873, Vincent moved to the London branch and fell in love with the landlord's daughter Ursula Loyer. In June, Theo joins the Brussels branch of Goupil.

Miller created "Spring"

Cézanne created "The House of the Hanged"

1874 failed to propose to Ursula, returned to the Netherlands; October to In December, he stayed at Goupil Head Office in Paris and later returned to London.

The Nacourt Photo Studio in Paris held the first Impressionist exhibition

In May 1875, he was transferred to the Goupil Company in Paris and was keen on mysticism and religion. In October, his parents moved to Eton.

In March 1876, he was fired from Goupil's company; he received a print based on Miller's "Vespers". In April, he worked as a teacher in Ramsgate, England, and later as an assistant pastor in Isleworth. Return to Eton in December.

1877 From January to April, he worked in the Dordrecht bookstore. In May, he went to Amsterdam to live with his uncle Jan and actively studied for the seminary.

Rodin's "The Bronze Age" was exhibited in Paris

In July 1878, he gave up his studies in Amsterdam and stayed in Eden for a short time before entering Brussels in August. Three months of evangelism school, but failed to obtain ordination as a pastor. Went to the Borinage mining area near Mons for informal missionary work.

In 1879, he was fired from the church for being too enthusiastic about his work. This tragic experience left a mark on him; he later began a wandering life; he read the works of Dickens, Stowe, Hugo, Shakespeare and Michelet. ; Respected the art of Charles de Gru, Rembrandt, Lusdale, Barbizon School and The Hague School; Disillusioned by poverty, lost confidence in life; began to draw sketches.

1880 A period of growing alienation from family. Spring trip to Quam, staying in a miner's house, starting the journey; copying Miller's works. In October, he went to Brussels to study perspective and anatomy. Communicated with the Dutch painter Van Lapad in Brussels; Theo provided financial support.

At the Fifth Impressionist Exhibition, Gauguin participated in the exhibition for the first time

1881 Eton Period (April 12, 1881-December 30, 1881)

In April, he left Brussels and went to live with his parents in Eton; he failed to propose to his newly widowed cousin Kay Voss. In December, he had a disagreement with his family and left home for The Hague.

1882 The Hague Period (December 31, 1881-September 12, 1883)

Study painting with her cousin husband Anton Moff; The abandoned Krasina ("Sean") Maria Holnik lived together, and therefore broke up with Morv. In August, the Van Gogh family moved to Nuenen near Eindhoven; they collected British newspaper illustrations and painted many sketches and watercolors.

1883 Drenthe and Nuenen Period (September 1883-November 27, 1885)

In September, he and Sean went to Drenthe in the north of the Netherlands to paint. . Start painting in oil. In December, he returned to Nuenen in the south of the Netherlands. At first he lived with his parents, but later he left home and lived alone.

"Japanese Ukiyo-e Print Exhibition" held in Paris

Seurat used the law of "simultaneous contrast" to paint "The Clean One on the Seine"

1884 Painted watercolors and studied "The Weaver"; had a tense relationship with his father; got very close to Van Lamond; studied Eugène Delacroix's color theory in June; fell in love with a girl from the village, Margot, and ended up with an unfortunate relationship The end comes to an end.

1885 Antwerp period (November 28, 1885 - February 28, 1886)

Drawed about fifty portraits of peasants for "The Potato Eaters"; March 26 His father suddenly passed away, and he was deeply moved by Emile Zola's "The Germination" and the works of other realist writers. In October, he went to Antwerp to visit the museum. The light and color of Rubens and the bold composition of Japanese ukiyo-e made him He was intoxicated; he got some Japanese prints, his mind broadened, and the colors on his panels became brighter.

1886 Paris Period (March 1886-February 20, 1888)

Study painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp from January; go to Paris at the end of February and work with Theo Lived; studied painting for several months in Hermant studio; painted flowers under the influence of Delacroix and Monticelli; discovered Terec, Emile Bernard, Signac and Gauguin and other Impressionist painters; "Bright Painting"; the eighth and final Impressionist Art Exhibition was held, where Seurat's "Sunday on the Island of La Grande Jatte" was exhibited; Van Gogh adopted new pointillism techniques.

1887 Palette becomes increasingly brighter due to proximity to growing contemporary French art movements; exhibits Japanese prints at Hoho; exhibits twice in working-class cafes and on saturated walls His own works; met and interacted with Pissarro, Degas, Seurat, and Cézanne; became very close to Emile Bernard; was deeply influenced by Impressionist techniques and post-Impressionist theory; was tired of life in Paris and yearned for it The sunshine is brighter and hotter, and the colors are more intense and magnificent in southern France. He created "Daddy Tang Ji" and began to draw a series of sunflowers.

1888 Arles Period (February 21, 1888 - May 3, 1889)

Goed to Arles in Provence in February, lived in the Algaza Café, and moved in in May The "Yellow House" on Place Lamartine; Gauguin came to live with him on October 20; on December 23, he cut off an ear due to mental disorder; Gauguin returned to Paris. Thanks to Theo's help, three of Van Gogh's paintings and several sketches were exhibited at the Salon des Indépendants.

1889 Saint-Remy period (May 3, 1889 - May 16, 1890)

On April 17, Théo and Joanna Bonge (1862 -1925) married; in May, Van Gogh voluntarily entered the mental hospital of Saint-Rémy; Signac visited; painted many paintings, mainly landscapes; began to paint a series of cypress trees. Gauguin held an exhibition of Impressionist and Synthetic paintings in Marseille. Van Gogh met Munch in Paris.

1890 Auver Period (May 21, 1890 - July 29, 1890)

Copying Delacroix, Millet, Rembrandt and Gustave ·Doré's works; On January 31, Théo gave birth to his son; Albert Aurier published an article commenting on Vincent's paintings; at the "Twenty Exhibition" in Brussels, Van Gogh's "The Red Vineyard" was sold, which was the only work he could sell while he was alive. He was discharged from the hospital in May, passed through Paris, took a rest, settled in Over, and accepted the guardianship of Paul Gachet; in June he created " "Doctor Gachet"; in July, he went to Paris to visit Théo's family and met with Lautrec and Albert Aurier; after returning to Ofer, he created "Wheatfield with Crows" and "Auvers Town Hall", these works are more Be unrestrained. On July 27, the old illness relapsed and he shot himself. At about 1 o'clock in the morning on the 29th, he stopped breathing under the protection of doctors Theo and Gachet.

Theo was devastated by Vincent's death in 1891; Theo fell ill and died in Utrecht about half a year later, on January 21 of that year; later Joanna Banger Theo's bones were moved to Ofer and buried next to Vincent's tomb.

Van Gogh's exhibition was held at the Salon des Indépendants; Lautrec's first modern poster appeared; Gauguin went to Tahiti; Seurat died.

1893 Van Gogh’s letters to Emile Bernard and Theo began to be published in the Mercury; Gauguin returned to Paris from Tahiti to exhibit works of the South China Sea.

1901 Matisse met Vlaminck through Derain in Paris; the Van Gogh exhibition was held in Paris, which exerted a strong influence on Fauvist painters such as Matisse and Vlaminck; Trek dies.

1903 The Berlin Secession Art Exhibition exhibited the works of Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh, and Munch. The Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists were exhibited at the Vienna Secession Art Exhibition; the Autumn Salon was established, and it was The main venue for the exhibition of works by painters called Fauvism; Pissarro died; Gauguin died.

1905 With the efforts of Joana Banger, the National Gallery in Amsterdam held an exhibition of Van Gogh's paintings; at the Salon d'Automne in Paris, Fauvism was born; the "Bridge Society" was established in Dresden "; German Expressionism begins; Van Gogh exhibition held in Dresden.

Life of Picasso

As the main representative of the French modern school of painting, Picasso is one of the most creative artists. There are almost no artists in the 20th century, especially Western artists, who have not been influenced by him. In addition to painting, Picasso's artistic achievements also involve sculptures of various materials, pottery, book binding, etc. Picasso has been painting since he was 9 years old. Both quality and quantity are astonishing. He has about 60,000 works, including more than 10,000 oil paintings alone. At every moment of his extremely long creative activity, this gifted artist seemed to do exactly what he wanted to do.

Father: Jose Luiz-Blasco

Mother: Maria Picasso-Lopez

Born on October 25, 1881 Malaga in southern Spain

1888/9 At the age of 7/8, he started painting under the guidance of his father (an art teacher).

In 1889, at the age of 8, he completed his first oil painting, which was a matador.

In 1895, at the age of 14, he entered the Longja Art School in Barcelona, ??where his father taught. The entrance examination is classical art and still life painting. According to the regulations, you have one month to complete. Picasso completed it in one day.

1896 At the age of 15, his work "First Communion" was exhibited at the Barcelona Art and Industrial Exhibition.

1897 At the age of 16, he entered the Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid. But I often don't go to class, preferring to visit the "Prado Museum". There, he could come into contact with the works of Spanish masters: El Greco, Velasquez and Goya. The work "Science and Charity" won the Honorary Award at the National Art Exhibition in Madrid, and later won the Gold Medal in Malaga.

In 1898, at the age of 17, he often visited the "Four Cats" pub and began to associate with the avant-garde art circle. Weaving Casagemas and Shabatus, who later became his personal secretary.

1900, 19 years old, held his first solo exhibition in the "Four Cats" pub. Traveled to Paris for the first time with Casagemas and lived in the Montmartre district.

In 1901, at the age of 20, his friend Casagemas committed suicide due to a broken relationship, which triggered Picasso to paint in blue tones, and the Blue Period began. He held his first solo exhibition in Paris at the Fra Gallery and sold 15 paintings before the opening.

1902, 21 years old, completed "Self-portrait in Blue".

1903, 22 years old, completed "life". The rich blue tones represent the suffering of poverty, old age and loneliness. He returned to Spain three times between 1900 and 1903.

1904, 23 years old, settled in the "Laundry Boat" in Paris. Meet Fernand. Olivier lived together and often went to watch circus performances, and the pink period began.

1905, 24 years old, created "The Busker's House" based on the circus theme. The exhibition received attention. Get to know the Jiechu Stein brothers and sisters.

1906 25 years old. I saw the sculpture exhibition of the Iberian Peninsula at the Louvre Museum and was deeply impressed. Get to know Matisse, the master of Fauvism.

1907, 26 years old, created "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon". Go to the Folk Museum to see African sculptures. Visit two Cézanne retrospectives. Get to know Blake.

In 1908, at the age of 27, Braque held his first exhibition of Cubist paintings.

1909 28 years old Analytical Cubism begins.

Become a neighbor with Brack. As "Fernand Head".

1911 30 years old Put printed letters into composition for the first time. Meet Ava Guvey.

In 1912, at the age of 31, he broke up with Fernand. Completed the first collage work "Still Life with Rattan Chair". Collaborated with Braque on paper stickers and developed Synthetic Cubism.

Ava died of tuberculosis in 1915 at the age of 34.

In 1917, at the age of 36, he went to Italy to design the stage for the Ballets Russes and met the dancer Olga. Cocrova.

1918 Married Oujia at the age of 37. He came into contact with high society because of ballet. Joint exhibition with Matisse.

1919, 38 years old, met Miro.

1921 At the age of 40, the eldest son Paul (1921-1975) was born.

1922, 41 years old, created "Two Women Running on the Beach".

1924 43 years old. Painted many still life paintings in the decorative Cubist style.

He designed many ballet stages from 1916/7 to 1924.

1925, 44 years old, created "Dance", which for the first time alluded to the tense relationship with Olga. Attend the first exhibition of Surrealism.

1926 45 years old. Created the "Guitar" series using aggregate techniques.

In 1927, at the age of 46, he met Marie-Thérèse Walter, who was only 17 years old.

1929 48 years old. Created sculptures and wire compositions with the sculptor Gonzalez. He created a series of offensive paintings featuring women's heads, showing the crisis of marriage. Meet Salvador Dali.

1931, 50 years old, established a sculpture studio in the Castle of Bergilloux. Participated in the first exhibition of Surrealism in the United States.

1932 51 years old, using Marie-Thérèse as the model.

1933, 52 years old, created etchings (Fola series of prints) with the theme of the sculptor's studio. Fernand. Olivier publishes memoirs.

1934, 53 years old, created works with the theme of bullfighting. Published sculptures reproduced from fabric models.

1935 Aged 54, separated from Olga and Paul in June. In September Marie-Thérèse and Picasso's daughter Maia was born.

In 1936, at the age of 55, he met the Yugoslav female photographer and painter Dora Maar.

1937, 56 years old, created "Guernica".

1939, 58 years old, painted portraits of Marie-Thérèse and Dora in the same pose at the same time.

In 1943, at the age of 62, he met the 22-year-old Francesco Gilot. Make the collection "Ox Head".

In 1944, at the age of 63, he joined the French Communist Party.

In 1945, at the age of 64, Yu Mulot completed the first batch of lithographs.

1946, 65 years old, lived with Francesco Gilot. Visit Matisse.

1947 At the age of 66, Francesco Gilot gave birth to a son, Claude. For the first time, pottery was made in the studio of potter Hamiye. By 1948, he had produced 2,000 pieces of pottery.

In 1949, at the age of 68, Francesco Gilot gave birth to a daughter, Paloma. "Dove" lithograph poster for the World Peace Conference.

In 1950, at the age of 69, he was awarded the Lenin Peace Medal.

In 1953, at the age of 72, he met Jacqueline Locke at the Madura Ceramics Workshop.

In 1954, at the age of 73, he broke up with Francesco Gilot. Matisse passed away (Picasso once said: "Only Matisse is the real painter"). Started composing a series of variations on Delacroix's "The Algerian Women".

Oujia passed away in 1955 at the age of 74.

In 1956, at the age of 75, the film "The Mystery of Picasso" shot with Clouzot *** was released. Wrote a letter to the Communist Party to protest against Russia's invasion of Hungary.

1957, 76 years old, painted more than 40 variations of Velasquez's "Las Meninas".

1959, 78 years old, composed a series of variations on Manet's "Luncheon on the Grass".

1961, 80 years old, married 35-year-old Jacqueline.

1963, 82 years old, painted the series "Painter and Model". The Picasso Museum in Barcelona opens. Blake passed away.

1964 Aged 83 Francesco Gilot publishes her memoirs, causing a break between Picasso, Claude and Palerma.

In 1966, at the age of 85, a large-scale Picasso retrospective exhibition was held at the Grand Palais and the Petit Palais in Paris.

In 1970, at the age of 89, he donated the paintings kept at home in Spain to the Picasso Museum in Barcelona.