Project preparation
The luggage to be carried is mainly divided into two categories, one is daily necessities and the other is school supplies. Basically, things brought by different countries are the same, but they are slightly adjusted according to the climate and environment of the country they are going to.
Daily necessities generally include: seasonal coats, socks, gloves, scarves, hats, undershirts, sportswear, casual shirts, jeans, pajamas, underwear, shoes, sports shoes, slippers, formal clothes, short-sleeved shirts, T-shirts, sun hats, sunglasses, belts, swimsuits, alarm clocks, batteries, chargers, small phones, adapters and transformers. If you rent your own apartment, you need to bring simple kitchen supplies.
School supplies generally include: notebook computer (recommended), floppy disk, CD-ROM, various Chinese software, such as Windows system disk, word, Photoshop, two dozen pencils (2B and HB), eraser, ballpoint pen, water-based pen (signature pen), colored pencil, electronic dictionary, independent calculator, folder, big schoolbag, glasses, ruler, etc.
mental preparation
Generally, when you first study in a country, you will have the following mental states:
(1) resistance. This is related to the unclear purpose of students going abroad, which often happens to younger children. Teacher Pan Yanqing believes that this situation should first change parents' ideas and not force children to do things that they are not interested in. You can help them know about studying abroad before studying abroad and find an interest point for their children.
(2) homesickness and loneliness. Loneliness is mainly caused by language barriers and differences in living habits. Without the soil where I grew up, without the circle that I used to be handy, I am ashamed to speak because I am not proficient in using the language. Every step of my life feels so difficult. Teacher Pan Yanqing pointed out that everyone will encounter this situation after going abroad, but the degree is different. You should make some preparations at home first. It is very necessary to cultivate a hobby. After going abroad, this hobby will attract your attention outside your study, and devoting yourself to your study is also a good way to dilute your thoughts and loneliness.
(3), frustration and psychological pressure. People who underestimate the difficulties and have insufficient confidence are more likely to have such problems. When I first arrived abroad, I couldn't keep up with my studies and had difficulties in communication. This is normal and can be solved after a period of adaptation. Another situation is that some students have poor psychological quality, exaggerate their difficulties for no reason, and the more they think about it, the more desperate they become, and they appear to have a nervous breakdown or give up halfway in extreme anxiety. Teacher Pan Yanqing suggested that international students should think about all possible situations before going abroad, consciously let themselves deal with their own problems, face more challenges in an independent environment and find their own solutions. Learn foreign methods of self-motivation.
The adaptation period of the first half year after going abroad is caused by various differences in culture, history and lifestyle between the two countries and regions. Therefore, psychological preparation before studying abroad is to do some preventive work. In fact, understanding is the premise. The most fundamental thing for psychological preparation is to know as much about that country as possible, from cultural history to how to use the library and how to take the bus. The clearer you know, the more prepared you are, the more confident you are, and the smoother your life after going abroad.
Flight guide
(a), check the documents before boarding.
Admission tickets, China passports, airline tickets, money orders, traveler's checks or other financial certificates, small banknotes and other important documents, such as health certificates.
(2), to prevent the loss of luggage
Fill in the lost baggage form at the airline counter at the airport.
Write down the names of airline service personnel for future enquiries.
It should be noted that different airlines also have certain restrictions on the specifications of luggage. International students should know clearly before going abroad to avoid overweight luggage. Singapore Airlines stipulates that 30 kilograms of checked luggage+8 kilograms of hand luggage; Air Canada stipulates that each of the two suitcases checked is 32kg+8kg hand luggage.
Skills of carrying foreign exchange
It is neither safe nor convenient to carry a lot of cash with you abroad. A better way is to get a bank card that can be accessed from different places and carry it with you. But convenience is not free, and there is a service charge for remote access. For international students, traveler's checks are the best way to carry foreign exchange.
Traveler's checks are like a special kind of cash, beautifully printed and highly secure. You can buy it from a bank or an agent. The denominations of US dollar checks are $20, $50, 100, $500 and 1000. There are two signature columns on the check. Sign in the first column when you buy it, and sign in the second column in front of the payee when you pay or exchange it with traveler's checks.
In the United States, you can use traveler's checks as widely and conveniently as cash for shopping, dining, insurance and so on. It is superior to cash in that once a traveler's check is lost or stolen, you can call to report the loss and get an emergency fund to tide over the difficulties (of course, you should write down your check number).
Now you can buy American Express traveler's checks at China Bank, and the handling fee is 1%, which can be paid in RMB. If you go to the United States, you don't have to pay a handling fee for using traveler's checks.
Finally, I want to remind you that you must record all the check numbers after purchase, and it is best to record them when using them. Invoices are also important. The last link is the refund service, which contains the telephone numbers reported by many countries.
Eight tips for candidates to shorthand GRE words
Why have you memorized so many words in these three months? The most important thing is that if you want to be more successful than others, you must take shortcuts. Don't expect yourself to be luckier than others, and don't expect yourself to be smarter and harder than others. Intellectually speaking, you are not much different from others in terms of opportunities. If you want to surpass people similar to yourself, you must take shortcuts, shortcuts, shortcuts!
The first rule of memorizing word shortcuts is: you must recite a lot every time. Because I am not smarter than others, others forget one-fifth of the words after I recite them, and I will never forget less than others. However, others recite ten words every day, but they can recite one hundred, forget one fifth, and there are eighty left, ten times as many as others in the smartest state. One hundred a day is the least. In fact, you will find that this requirement is not high in the back. After a month, you may naturally recite 300 or 500.
This 100 is divided into four groups, 30 in the morning, 30 at noon, 30 in the afternoon and 30 at night. Review the bad words before the next morning. When reciting, you should read ten lines at a glance (pay attention to ten words instead of more or less), and don't recite them seriously, because there is no time to be serious. Read the pronunciation of each word while watching, or read it silently. After reading it, recall it and see what you can't remember. The purpose of this recitation is to leave a general impression, so that you will know the word next time you see it, so that you can remember most of it by reciting, and copy the rest of the words separately.
The second shortcut to memorizing words is: memorizing dictionaries! Why recite the dictionary? Because every word in the dictionary has a comprehensive explanation, and words that start with the same letter are all concentrated together. Not all dictionaries can be used to recite, so be sure to find a dictionary that only contains the words you want to recite. In addition, it is best to have English explanations and examples. Moreover, there must be phonetic symbols! If it's for TOFEL or GRE, pay attention to the phonetic dictionary of beauty pageant. The vocabulary at the back of the general textbook is for good students who listen carefully. Don't carry those things if you want to take a shortcut.
When writing a dictionary, recite the first letter (Z, Y, X, Q, J, K, U) (V, W, N, O, L) (FG, IT, HM, BDE, R) (C, P, S, A), where C, P, S and A should be each. This has several advantages: (1) can increase the sense of accomplishment and interest. As for why, you can understand it by looking it up in the dictionary. (2) It is convenient to know clearly which words have been remembered and which ones have not. (3) Be able to master the most basic words first.
Among the 30,000 words, there are three grades: 3,000 to 4,000, 8,000 to 10,000 and 22,000 to 30,000. In other words, you should prepare three dictionaries separately. These grades have very different characteristics and need to be recited in different ways. I didn't realize this at that time, so I took a detour from 1 10,000 to 30,000, wasting some time, otherwise it might have exceeded 50,000. So there are three branches under the word shortcut.
The third shortcut to memorizing words is to know more words. Whether a word can be remembered depends on the frequency of meeting it in different occasions, not the length of time each time you look at it. Generally, you should remember a word and meet it three or four times a week on "different occasions". When I mentioned a lot of reciting above, don't pick a word. That's what it means to remember or not. Because it doesn't matter whether it is love at first sight, the key is to have more different types of meeting opportunities. However, according to the level of words to be memorized, there are different ways to increase the chance of meeting.
The first branch: listen blindly! The level of 3000 to 4000 is a very common word, covering almost all the words needed to express the most basic ideas. Eighty percent of every article is composed of these words, and these words are the most basic morphemes (or "roots"), that is, things that can't be divided to the smallest, and there is no similarity between them. The best way to deal with these words is to do a lot of uninterrupted simple primary listening exercises. Because there are 20% other words in the reading materials, the reading materials can't be understood only by this level of words. But listening practice is the most basic dialogue, and pronunciation is generally standard. Listening more can increase the repetition rate of words and lay a phonetic foundation for memorizing words horizontally from 8 thousand to 10 thousand in the future.
Listening should be divided into intensive listening and extensive listening. Of course, intensive listening means understanding every word. I will focus on extensive listening. Extensive reading is the most important thing, because mastering the speed, intonation and overall impression depends on extensive reading. And these are the basis of memorizing 8 thousand to 10 thousand words? Extensive listening can make the frequently used words (that is, the words that need to be mastered most) grind the ears into cocoons, so that you can vaguely hear a sound, reflecting what this sound means. The words you hear in extensive reading are the words you really should remember, so don't be afraid to listen attentively and know nothing. What exactly is extensive listening? Extensive listening refers to distracting yourself while listening and doing other things (such as cooking or discussing loudly with others). You must listen to the ubiquitous listening, listen whenever you have the chance, and it is best to put your headphones close to your ears.
Intensive listening means finding out the words you didn't hear clearly. Aha, that's a word you have memorized but are not familiar with. Write these words separately in another place, and don't mix them with words that you haven't memorized. Extensive listening means intensive listening to what you have already heard. For example, if you listen to the second tape intensively, then listen to the first tape extensively, just right. Be careful, don't use English radio as your listening teaching material!
By the way, I recommend a set of listening teaching materials: Step by Step by Wuhan Normal University. The content is gradual, and the music at the beginning of each class is also very nice.
The second one: look crazy! The level of 8000 to 10000 basically includes the remaining 20%. These words are hard to find in listening textbooks. However, don't stop practicing listening, because listening can consolidate your intonation, which is a key to memorizing words at this level. However, memorizing this level of words requires more reading than listening.
Look, there are also intensive reading and extensive reading. Just like listening, extensive reading is more important. Extensive reading should choose articles that are not too long and can be read patiently, and don't have too many words that you don't understand. Two or three unknowns are enough for an article. Don't read English newspapers, magazines and novels from the beginning. Those things are not only difficult to understand, but also have little effect on memorizing words.
Extensive reading also requires a lot of practice. As long as you are patient and have enough time, keep reading! Don't read carefully, just glance at the general meaning, then mark the words you don't understand, don't ponder what the meaning is, and continue scanning! After reading it all, look back at these words. Some of them may have been remembered, while others ... haven't? Then look it up in the dictionary. If you haven't memorized it, throw it away. If you have memorized it, copy it down separately and put it with the words you didn't hear in the listening practice.
My experience is that the first two volumes of new concepts, then the first two volumes of textbooks are widely read in universities, then the primary part of another extensive reading course, then the third volume of new concepts, the third volume of extensive reading textbooks, the teachers' books for the advanced listening part of a listening textbook, then the fourth volume of new concepts, and the fourth and fifth volumes of extensive reading textbooks ... This order is more appropriate.
The third one: nonsense! This is only suitable for memorizing 22,000 to 30,000 words. Because it goes without saying that other words have been memorized. But in the reading materials, there are few words at this level. You can read ten articles, but none of them are of this level. So now we can't increase the chances of meeting each other by reading. Even some foreigners have never seen these words. How can we expect them to write? Especially GRE words, such as "Dress up the horse", "hooligans in new york" and "the wind blowing from Africa to southern Europe" … these words are subtle rhetoric, that is, if you are full of these words, you can pretend to be a scholar.
Most foreigners don't understand what you said, so you can express the same meaning without these words. Here's your chance. You can take these words with you when talking to foreigners, and then pretend to be modest proudly and explain the meaning of these words to them.
It is enough to explain one or two sentences to foreigners every time, and foreigners will admire you. HL just explained to ws! Be bold, be patient, and especially be bold.
At this stage, you should stop practicing listening, because you haven't made much progress after practicing. Remember the first sentence? If you want to succeed, you must take a shortcut. There is no need to waste time on any action that can't make great progress in a short time.
However, the reading materials at this time become a problem: you will find that what you read in the past is too shallow and boring, and you can't understand other deep things. You will also find a new interesting phenomenon: the articles you want to read are now all first-grade words. You know exactly what each word means, but you just can't understand the whole article.
Then what should you see? Just look at the superficial articles in the second level. Although simple, it can help you not forget the achievements you have recited in the past. Don't worry about articles you can't understand. When you communicate with foreigners more, you will naturally understand them. They are all articles composed of phrases, slang or grammar.
The fourth shortcut to memorizing words is: Lenovo, Lenovo, Lenovo ... What is the first action of memorizing words? Take a closer look at its appearance. What about the second and third movements? Look at its connotation and pronunciation. And the fourth action, should be Lenovo, Lenovo again. ...
Are they similar in appearance to other memorized words? Similar pronunciation? Is the meaning similar or opposite? If there is, write it down quickly and add this word next to other words. In this way, when you see other words in the future, you will also think of this word, which is equivalent to another chance to meet.
Moreover, there are many words composed of "prefix", "root" and "suffix" in the second and third level vocabulary. Prefixes such as "re", "in" and "pseud". Suffixes such as "er" and "oid". Then * * * together to form a new word. If you master these prefixes and suffixes, you can easily guess the meaning of a new word. In addition, many words with similar pronunciations have similar meanings, which are common in slang, poetry and children's language. If you recite 80 words every day, you can only recite 2400 words a month, but after mastering these rules, you can actually recite them faster and faster, and almost more than 10 thousand words are redundant.
However, in GRE words, many words have nothing to do with other words, and there are no prefixes or suffixes, which seem simple and unforgettable. These words include transliteration of Greek, Italian, German, Latin and even Japanese. This can only be mastered by explaining it to others. (HL must pay attention! )
The fifth shortcut to memorizing words is: review! It is a normal rule that you remember quickly and forget quickly. In the process of memorizing words, review is very important. Let me summarize the law of review: review ten words first, then thirty words, and then all the words that I haven't recited before. When reviewing, you don't have to dig carefully, just scan it roughly, but you must think about its pronunciation (because English is like sound). The last words that can't be memorized must not be commonly used, because foreigners can't memorize them.
Every time you recite a word with the first letter, you should review the previous one. Then recite the first letter in brackets in the last article, and then review the one in brackets in the last article. When reviewing, you should first look at the English translation of Chinese meaning, then at Chinese, and then think about its English words.
As I said before, words forgotten in extensive reading and words that can't be remembered when memorizing should be recorded separately, just for the purpose of treating them differently when reviewing. If you forget the words, read them once a day. If you know them, cross them out. If you can't remember them, recite the whole letter and recite it alone. You don't need to read them at ordinary times.
The review method of GRE words is very strange: crossword puzzles are needed. In other words, cover part of the word and think about how to spell the whole word. In addition, we have to consider its synonyms, synonyms and antonyms.
By the way, the words in the GRE test have nothing to do with the words in the TOFEL test, that is, if you don't know the TOFEL words, the GRE may get high marks.
Here are some specific methods.
1, root and affix mnemonic
This is the most basic and effective memory method, so you must master it. Take the most notorious word in GRE as an example: arteriosclerosis. This word makes countless people excited, but after understanding the root cause, it is nothing more than arterio+scolo+sis, which is artery and sclerosis, which is unforgettable. Using root memorization often gets twice the result with half the effort, such as eating meat, eating grass and omnivorous food. You can't remember any of them, but you can tell when you put them together. Besides, it is easy to remember the Holocaust, carnal desire, gluttony, herbivore, omnipotence, omniscience, omnipotence and so on.
2. Memory method of similar words
Learning the unknown from the known will make people feel relaxed. For example, memorizing a new word, marry, is better than remembering to change bone marrow into letters, which saves effort and time. Similarly, the word "suffocated" seems strange, but it is easy to master when it is written as "S (death)+mother". Using this method, we can not only remember words faster, but also find that even boring things like memorizing words can be done with interest. I have to recite it anyway. Why don't you relax yourself? Try these groups again: delay, deterrence; ; Withered and bright; Occupation, hobby; Prominent and imminent; ally，rally，allay，alley，alloy .
3, classified memory method
Many times, it is better to remember one thing in isolation than to remember many similar things at the same time. Therefore, putting words with similar meanings together can greatly improve efficiency and help analogy problems in actual combat in the future. There are two classifications. One is to put synonyms together, such as aphorism, proverb, fable, fable, aphorism, aphorism and aphorism. About deception: deception, deception, betrayal, deception, fool, fool, deception, deception, fraud, fraud. Another classification is to classify related words into one category, such as ruby, sapphire, emerald, jade, turquoise, amethyst, nose stone and opal. About plants: oak, cypress, almond, maple, elm, elm, willow, cactus, vanilla, orchid, chrysanthemum, balsam. This kind of classification work is most convenient with electronic dictionaries.
4. Etymological memorization
Many words are so strange that people feel dizzy at first sight. In fact, these words have a source. Once you know the etymology, you can not only remember words, but also broaden your horizons and increase your knowledge. It's really entertaining. Such as characters in historical or literary works: Epicurus (Epicurus), Don Quixote (Don Quixote), intrigue (Machiavelli), mystery (Mesmer), Odyssey (Odyssey). Another example comes from myth: Hermes (from Hermes, the god of commerce), Nemesis (from Nemesis), Sai Ren (from banshee) and panic (from Pan, the god of panic).
5, transliteration memory method
In fact, most of the words in the fourth category can be memorized by transliteration. The other category is ready-made trademarks: for example, Robust Canon. In addition, some words have been translated, but articles written by Hong Kong and Taiwan before and after the May 4th Movement can be transliterated, and English words can be remembered with Chinese sounds, which is a bit funny, but it can be remembered with great interest and is not easy to forget, such as ultimatum (book funeral), boycott (boycott), carnival (carnival), bingo (bingo) and bourgeois.
6, life memory method
Now there are many opportunities to learn words in our daily life, so we must cherish these opportunities. Some people talk about Pentium all day, but they don't know the basic meaning of Pent. They only know Lenovo and Founder, but they don't know Lenovo and Founder. After watching Titanic and Tornado, they can't remember Titanic and Tornado. Do you like Maria? Kelly, but she doesn't understand diva, soprano. I really don't know what to say. In fact, with a little attention, you can learn carnations by buying flowers, remember yogurt by drinking yogurt, and learn vanilla by eating ice cream.
7, story memory method
For some strange words, you can do nothing but make up a story. Lao Yu has a masterpiece "Extraordinary Charm" called "The Rise of China (cha)" and "Mao Zedong (ma)". What a mess, thanks to his imagination. But remembering words is our only goal, and we will do whatever it takes to achieve it. If this method is integrated, there will be no unforgettable words at the end of that day. For example: saturnine (sitting in nine urns) Canine (one dog bites nine people) advertised (flying aunt). These inexplicable stories, seemingly naive or even retarded, are extremely useful.
8, problem-solving memory method
Finally, don't forget that memorizing words is not for fun, but for doing the right questions. Reciting 50 thousand words is not a cow, but always doing the right questions with a vocabulary of only 10 thousand is a real cow. You will never understand the connection between Glide and oasis, and the difference between panacea and oasis.
What I mentioned above are all some technical problems. But in fact, the most important thing to recite words is perseverance and motivation. Here is a good suggestion: the little red book should not exceed 6000 words. Think about the tens of thousands of dollars of scholarships you may get, and think that you can earn five dollars by reciting a word. Then, hurry to work. Break your fingers before going to bed every night to calculate how much money you made today.