Stress and secondary stress of words
Stress: monosyllabic words are stressed when they are read alone, and there is no need to mark stress symbols; Only two or more syllables are stressed. The stress symbols of two syllables are marked before the first syllable.
Secondary stress: In words with three or more syllables, some words have secondary stress in addition to the primary stress. Secondary stress means that when reading this syllable, it is weaker than the specific syllable and stronger than other syllables. Where m, n, l, n and l individually form a syllable)
General laws of stress and secondary stress
1, the stress of disyllabic words is mostly on the first syllable, such as' everyday,' things,' Qiao,
2. For disyllabic words with inseparable prefixes such as A, Be, EN, For, IM, In, MIS, Pre, Pro, To, Trans and UN, the stress often falls on the second syllable.
For example: a' bove, be' alive, en' duration, for' get, im' ply, in' stead, MIS' take, provide,
No, today, transportation
3. The stress of polysyllabic words mostly falls on the penultimate syllable, such as "satisfy, majestic, I'm MMediately".
4. For polysyllabic word orders ending with suffixes such as ic, ial, Ian and ion, the stress falls on the penultimate syllable, such as Re' public and Mu' sician.
Words with more than three syllables usually have a second stress besides the first stress. Secondary stress usually falls on the first or second syllable.
Such as: PR' onunci' ion, ex' ami' nation.
Pronunciation rules of seven special stresses
1. In English, the stress of derivatives is the same as that of roots. Derivative words are words with the same root and homology, such as: act, active, actively com' parecom' Paris.
2. Words with the following suffixes: -ary, -ery, -ory, -ism, -ist, -mony, -ment, -ary, etc. The stress is usually on the first syllable. Like custom scientists, slavery, factory realism.
3. words with the following prefixes: a-, ab-, AC-, ad-, al-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, em-, en-, in-, mis-, re-, tans-, un- stress is usually on the second syllable. For example, Abu.
4. Words with the following suffixes: -aim, -ain, -cur, -eem, -duck, -ere, -firm, -gn, -oin, -oke, -ose, -pt, -rce, -self, -ume are usually stressed in the second syllable.
5. Words with the following suffixes: -ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -esque, -ette, -ique, -ine, -oon are usually stressed on the last syllable. These words are usually borrowed from French. For example, employee' yean' tique maga' zine ci' garvolun'.
6. Words with the following suffixes: -oious, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ient, -ion, -ious, -ish, -it, -liar, -four, -tal, -uous are usually stressed in the penultimate syllable. For example, the event relationship is.
7. However, some derivatives, such as adjectives derived from nouns, need to change their stress, usually by moving backwards. For example, "scientific scientist" tific "accident" acci "dentistry" democracy "democracy" democracy "politics" Li "
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Long vowel [i:] [з:] [? :] [u:] [a:]
Short vowel [I] [? ] [? ] [? ] [∧] [e] [？ ]
8 diphthongs [aI] [eI] [a? ] [? ] [? ] [ε? ] [? Me] [me? ]
20 consonants in pairs 10 consonants in pairs
Clear consonants [p] [t] [k] [? ] [s] [θ] [？ ] [? ] [tr] [ts]
Voiced consonants [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [? ] [? ] [d？ ] [dr] [dz] 3 nasal sounds [m] [n] [? ]
Three types of pinyin [h] [r] [l]
Two semi-vowels [w] [j]
Basic knowledge of pronunciation
Division of syllables: How many vowels and syllables does the phonetic symbol of a word have?
Stressed syllables: There are stressed syllables and unstressed syllables in the phonetic symbols of any disyllabic or polysyllabic word. Which stress, the stress symbol "'"is marked on the upper left of the syllable or above the vowel of the syllable.
Voiced consonants: In words beginning with sp, st and sk, voiced consonants /p/ /t/ /k/ should be voiced /b/ /d/ /g/
When in front of vowels, read/? I/； When the is in front of the consonant, read/? /
Incomplete plosive sound: /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ When another plosive sound is followed, the previous plosive sound only forms an obstacle in the oral cavity and cannot be read completely.
Continuous reading: in a phrase or sentence, if two adjacent words are at the same distance, and the first word ends with a consonant and the last word begins with a vowel, the consonant and vowel are read together.
Meaning group pause: for a long sentence, it can be divided into several meaning groups according to its meaning and structure, and one meaning group must be finished in one breath.
General rules of letter combination
For words ending in mb, the ending b is silent \x0b For example, the ending b of Tomb Dumb Comb Lamb Crawl is silent.
When the kn letter combination appears at the beginning of a word, K is silent.
When w appears before the consonant r, w is not pronounced, but r, think about it. What's wrong with you? That's what we always say. The mistake in shipwreck mistake is a very typical example. For example, the wrist and wrist joints of the wrecked ship were severely distorted.
Pronunciation of the letter l
(1) The letter L follows the vowel letter A, but before the consonant letter F or V, that is, when the combination of alf or alv is like this, L is often silent. For example, half of a calf equals half.
(2) When the letter L appears after the vowel letter A or O and before the consonant letter K or M, it is usually not pronounced. For example:
Folk people; Egg yolk; Calm is calm; Palm palm; Talking in Stockholm (the capital of Sweden); Walking;
When is the letter G not pronounced?
1. When the letter combination gn appears at the front or end of a word, g is usually silent. For example, the logo marks the resignation of foreign design designers, and the gnat alignment queue is entangled in the re-signing dynasty.
When a combination of gn letters appears in a word, G is usually pronounced. For example:
Design the signature of the accused.
When the letter combination gm appears before or after a word, G is usually a silent example: paradigm.
When a combination of gm letters appears in a word, G is usually pronounced. For example, polymerization.
In most cases, the pronunciation of /d/ when t is in words is an obvious pronunciation feature in American English. For example, /t/ is pronounced as /d/ in the following letters. See you later. I feel much better.