It is said that some people in Shabei Village engaged in weaving sunflower mats, sole mats and rain hoops in the late Ming Dynasty, such as Shengji and Bingji. Later, someone shipped the rattan back from Hainan Island, and the villagers started the rattan handicraft industry. When they made Chen Litang, the store number was "Xintang". 1840 After the Opium War, the maritime ban was opened for the first time, foreign ships sailed to Guangzhou one after another, import and export materials increased, and rattan was brought into China. People in Shabei Township made all kinds of rattan products with rattan as raw materials and sold them at home and abroad, thus creating a new history of manufacturing goods for export with imported raw materials.
Rattan is mostly produced in Southeast Asia, mainly in Indonesia. At the beginning, foreign rattan was woven into laundry baskets with rattan, or shipped from Hong Kong. At first, people didn't know how to use it, just used it as firewood. Later, Zhou Yueting (nicknamed Shi Yan Ci Gu), a native of Shabei who opened a shop named "Tianhefu" in Cunninghamia lanceolata in Guangzhou, found that this variety could be widely used. Because the white rattan can also be used, I discussed it with the clansman Chen Yongshan. First of all, it is used to weave Cowblanc (homophonic), reed spikes, pear vines for packaging and so on. These are all needed by agriculture, and later they were made into fine silkworms. After many years, it has gradually developed into various daily necessities.
At that time, there was only one rattan opener for making rattan, and the production method was very backward. In the thirty-fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1909), Lu Nian and Ya Wei's father and others invented the saw door (a tool for making rattan) and used it to thin the rattan, which was the first process. The second process is to make a bamboo "ze", put the needle knife on it, press it with bamboo pieces, pull out the rattan skin and divide it into two pieces. This is called "pulling". The third process is called "tart", which is to cut both sides of the rattan skin evenly to make the strips of the rattan skin even. The fourth process is called "tail gate", which is to thin the rattan skin again to make semi-finished rattan skin. After the above process, the rattan skin is much thinner than the original hand opening, with moderate width standard and much better softness.
With such semi-finished products, more rattan products can be produced, such as box silk, sassafras, Sand King, rattan mats, pillows and so on. At that time, rattan skins were divided into two categories, namely coarse goods and fine goods. At that time, only rattan skin could be used, not rattan core. Only by hand, it became the raw material of broom.
Soon, the "iron plate algae" and "iron plate million" in Baisha village used thin steel plates to drill holes from big to small (commonly known as iron plate holes) to punch out the rattan cores one by one to form round rattan cores. Huang Qi Baxiangteng agricultural iron plate hole tool made round rattan core, which not only improved the efficacy, but also promoted the mass production and sales of local round core semi-finished products.
19 15, Chen and Chen Xiufeng of Shabei Village are ingenious. They put a board flat, pressed a knife, pressed the rattan with a wooden roller, pushed the rattan out of the knife, and then pulled off the rattan skin. After many improvements, the drawn rattan skin is much thinner than the hand-opened rattan skin, and the width is also drawn with the original rattan, which improves the utilization rate of rattan. Therefore, the cost is reduced and the production is expanded. At that time, there were as many as 65,438+000 rattan craftsmen in Shabei Village, such as Yongji Ying Ji, Yilong, Huili, Rongji, Ji Shao, Chongji and Yunxiang.
1920, rattan workers in Sabei invented rattan water making, commonly known as elephant eye water (a variety used for furniture), which was mainly sold to the United States and Europe. With the improvement of rattan, various varieties can be made, so rattan barnyard grass came into being. At first, Zhao Guangji of Fenggang Village produced rattan, and later Zhao Kongji. At that time, the domestic products were rattan mats, and the export products were rattan and round cores.
During the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, because overseas traffic was cut off, raw materials could not be brought in, domestic export channels were blocked, and most factories and businesses closed down one after another. 1945 After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the rattan industry gradually recovered. However, the good times did not last long. During the period of Kuomintang rule, the government was incompetent, financial turmoil, currency devaluation, heavy taxes, rattan industry almost died out, and people's lives were in trouble.
After the founding of New China, there were about 200 rattan workshops in Xunfengzhou, most of which were set up by Hong Kong and Macao folks in their hometown. According to 1952 survey of private (including public) industrial and commercial houses in the third district of Nanhai county, there are 83 rattan shops (workshops) in Mi Chong township, and 40 rattan processing shops (workshops) in Huangzhuqi township, including Pan Chan and Liang Liunv. 1September 1953, the state carried out socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce and implemented the "redemption" policy. In September, 1955, Nanhai county Committee-Ministry sent a working group to "merge private capital" with Xunfengzhou 170 rattan company. 1956 1 month, basically completed the "private capital merger and acquisition" work. Zou Zhibin, the second-generation boss of Mi Chong Zouji Rattan Factory, was the first to sign up to join the public-private Nanhai Rattan Factory, and other bosses followed suit. In February of the same year, the public-private joint venture Nanhai Rattan Factory (Nanteng for short) was officially born.
At the beginning of 1956, the rattan craftsmen in Yanbu area established eight rattan clubs, including Sha Feng, Baisha and Bichong, and Haibei rattan group, which were collective economies. Members joined the club by shares, mainly producing rattan bark, round core, square core and bark. Rattan products are mainly sold to Guangzhou, Foshan and other places. June 1958 merged into Nanhai Cooperative Rattan Factory. 1964 10, the enterprise was jointly organized by the provincial and county handicraft associations and renamed as Nanhai Cooperative Rattan Factory in Guangdong Province. 1966 10 was renamed as Guangdong Nanhai Dongfeng rattan factory (Dong Teng for short).
At this point, the rattan processing industry in Huangzhuqi is mainly based on the above two rattan factories, which has become the pillar of the local economy and has earned foreign exchange for more than 30 years. The rattan products produced by Huang Qi rattan industry are mainly divided into four categories: rattan pieces, rattan mats, rattan barns and rattan furniture. Semi-finished products are divided into two categories: rattan skin and rattan round core; In the past, the only old rattan products were book baskets, rattan boxes, tea baskets and baskets. Innovative products include flower baskets, hanging baskets, dinner plates, wine bottle racks, travel baskets, laundry baskets, photo frames, wall hangings and toys. The number of goods has accumulated to more than 4000. Rattan mats are mainly exported mattresses, pillows, mattresses, car cushions and carpet mats. Rattan water rafters, also known as elephant-eye water rafters, can be divided into more than twenty kinds, such as big eyes, middle eyes, narrow eyes, dense water rafters, bone water rafters and sieve water rafters. Rattan bark and rattan core are sold to rattan weavers inside and outside the county for blank use.
The most famous rattan products in Nanhai are rattan mats, which are more flexible and beautiful than straw mats and bamboo mats. Rattan mats are made by hand cutting, cutting, trampling and weaving before being woven into finished products. In use, it can be divided into mattresses and pillows, and can also be made into car cushions and sofa cushions, with mattresses as the bulk. The width of rattan skin of bed mat can be divided into top thickness, second thickness, second thickness, third thickness and third thickness, and it can also be divided into top, middle and gray varieties according to the color of rattan. At the same time, the width of the rattan mat is divided into 1_8 rows of feet to 4 rows of feet (based on the folk old feet) and other specifications to meet the needs of big beds, middle beds and small beds. Rattan mats are cool, comfortable and durable, which are incomparable to other mats.
In recent years, with the attention of governments and cultural authorities at all levels and the strong support of rattan artists, the relevant departments have conducted a general survey and collation of the intangible cultural heritage Nanhaiteng. Now this project has been selected as the fourth batch of intangible cultural heritage projects in Guangdong Province. In order to better publicize and inherit Nanhai rattan weaving, Nanhai rattan weaving craft (Dali) workshop (Guangdong Nanhai rattan weaving art exhibition hall) was established, with an area of 922 square meters. There are pictures, ancient rattan weaving equipment, weaving by live artists, modern rattan products and furniture in the workshop.