At the beginning of the 20th century, the bourgeois democratic revolutionary trend of thought spread rapidly, shocking the Chinese ideological circles and promoting the arrival of the democratic revolutionary movement. The first to awaken were the emerging intellectual groups. Modern intellectuals propagated the theory of democratic revolution, using newspapers and periodicals as important positions, and founded more than 20 political publications such as "Jiangsu", "Zhejiang Chao", "Su Daily", "China Vernacular Daily", etc.; they also published and distributed Chen Tianhua's " There are more than 130 pamphlets promoting democratic revolutionary ideas, such as "Warning Bell", "Turn Back" and Zou Rong's "Revolutionary Army". Bourgeois and petty-bourgeois intellectuals also translated many social and political works of the Western bourgeoisie. Cai Yuanpei translated German Koppel's "Essentials of Philosophy", and Yan Fu translated Huxley's "On the Evolution of Heaven" and Adam Smith's "Yuan Fu" and other works.

At the same time as democratic thoughts spread widely, many revolutionary groups emerged at home and abroad. The ones with greater influence include the Xingzhong Association, the Huaxing Association, the Science Tutorial School and the Guangfu Association.

On August 20, 1905, the Chinese Tongmenghui was established. Sun Yat-sen proposed "driving out the Tartars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and equalizing land rights" as his political program. The establishment of the China League marked the entry into a new stage of China's bourgeois democratic revolution.

The Revolution of 1911 was a revolution of the Chinese people represented by Sun Yat-sen. On December 29, 1911, Sun Yat-sen was elected as the first provisional president of the Republic of China with an absolute majority of 16 votes. On New Year's Day 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in and declared the founding of the Republic of China. On the 3rd, the Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established; on the 28th, the Provincial Representative Conference was reorganized into the Provisional Senate, which became the highest legislative body of the Provisional Government.

The Nanjing Provisional Government promulgated a series of policies and decrees that were conducive to the promotion of democratic politics and the development of capitalism. For example: ordering provincial offices to burn torture instruments and abolishing torture; canceling various "untouchable" regulations in Qing Dynasty laws; protecting overseas Chinese; prohibiting the sale of people; abolishing the status of masters and slaves; issuing orders to cut braids; prohibiting gambling, foot binding, and opium smoking. Encourage the establishment of industry and commerce, revitalize the agricultural reclamation industry, and reward overseas Chinese for investment in the country. Promote universal education and delete feudal content in old textbooks. These policies and laws changed customs, reformed old customs, and promoted the development of national capitalism and the spread of democratic concepts.

Under the chairmanship of Sun Yat-sen, on March 11, the Provisional Senate promulgated the "Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China", in accordance with the Western bourgeois democratic system and the principle of "separation of powers" of legislation, administration, and justice. China established a bourgeois communist state that implemented a parliamentary system and a responsible cabinet system. A more complete democratic revolution led by the national bourgeoisie.