First, learn to use teaching materials well.
The history of junior high school is relatively simple, but it is not easy to learn it well. At present, the knowledge capacity of the new history textbooks used is not large. First of all, we should understand the basic structure of teaching materials. Generally speaking, each lesson in history textbooks is usually divided into several parts, in which Chinese characters are the main content and all the basic knowledge points need to be mastered. Therefore, students should read this part intensively, focus on this part, and learn to analyze which parts are important, which are not important, which contents need to be memorized, and which contents belong to understanding. Only by grasping the key points can we be targeted in our study and master more knowledge. In addition, some contents of the textbook are printed in fine print, which is not the main content of the textbook. The purpose of the arrangement is to increase students' knowledge. You don't have to remember it, but students can read it, preferably in combination with the big characters in the textbook. Sometimes if we want to understand the contents of textbooks, we have to use these small printed parts. There are some contents that are not within the scope of reading, but will help you improve your knowledge and expand your thinking. This part is the exercises involved in the textbook. For example, the first lesson of grade seven, "Please imagine how Beijing people live", is very practical. We should not only use historical knowledge, but also use imagination to apply knowledge to daily life. Doing this kind of topic can not only consolidate knowledge, but also broaden our thinking. Therefore, for textbook knowledge, all of us should learn to learn to learn by classification.
Second, learn to "read"
To learn history well, we must learn to read textbooks quickly and master the initiative in class. In this way, students can study easily and gradually master reading skills. In class, the teacher leads everyone to read and study. At ordinary times, the teacher has designed questions in a hierarchical and targeted manner, which inspires us all to read and think carefully, skim and understand, think while reading, and think after reading. Therefore, students should follow the teacher to inspire you and look for the vertical and horizontal connection of knowledge, causality and so on. At the same time, everyone should also develop good reading habits such as taking notes and taking brief reading notes. For example, most small print or data supplements for historical nouns, concepts, numbers, etc. In the text, some quotations or illustrations without asterisks, etc. , you can browse and browse quickly, while important and difficult knowledge such as the cause, process and influence of historical events, important historical concepts, historical figures, important historical materials, historical illustrations, etc. Ask everyone to read and think carefully. After such long-term training, students will not only rationally use and scientifically allocate classroom time, but also develop good reading habits of fast reading and reading, laying a solid foundation for the formation of self-study ability in the future.
Third, we should develop the habit of independent thinking and achieve "good thinking" and "happy thinking"
The Analects of Confucius says that "learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous", which means that we should combine learning with thinking in our study. Loving thinking and knowing how to think is the source of knowledge. Students should take advantage of the thinking opportunities given by teachers in class to cultivate a variety of thinking abilities.
Level one. We should carefully design questions in class, go deep step by step, learn to follow historical clues to find the cause and effect of things, and thus train strict logical thinking ability. For example, when studying "American cold war decision-making", it can be designed as the following questions: (1) What is the "cold war" policy of the United States? (2) Why did the United States implement the "Cold War" policy? Why can we implement the "cold war" policy? (3) What is the essence of the "Cold War" policy? What impact has it had on the world pattern? Through interlocking questions and in-depth analysis, we can not only get the understanding of knowledge, but also get the enlightenment of thinking. After such long-term training, students' logical thinking ability will be improved imperceptibly.
Level two. We should encourage ourselves to be unconventional and put forward our own unique opinions, so as to train our innovative thinking and consciousness.
Innovation is the soul of social development. Foreign educators once said: "As long as students can ask questions, it will help to form the internal motivation of students' learning. "Because asking questions is a person's psychological tentacles from the known to the unknown, and it is the embodiment of innovative consciousness. Teachers will encourage people to question and ask them to think, evaluate and locate historical events and people from different angles, from which students can form good thinking habits. For example, when discussing the American Civil War, a classmate asked, "What would Lincoln do if there were other ways to ease the situation in the United States at that time? So what will America look like today? "
Practice has proved that diligent study and good thinking will gradually enhance the ability to systematically summarize, judge, evaluate, analyze and summarize historical concepts, historical events, historical figures and historical knowledge. Learning to think is equivalent to finding the golden key to acquire knowledge, and the ability of self-study will also be enhanced.
Fourth, learn to master the skill of consolidating knowledge-"learning skillfully"
1, consolidate training in time. After learning the new lesson, you can consolidate and strengthen your memory and improve your analytical ability. Confucius said that "review the past and learn the new", so we should review what we have learned in time. According to the law of memory, it used to be fast first and then slow, and timely review and consolidation is conducive to the mastery of knowledge.
2. Overall review. History is a knowledge network with strong regularity and clear clues. Grasping the vertical and horizontal connection of historical knowledge and grasping the key points will make it easier to study and review history lessons.
The learning method of horizontal connection should not only be reflected in the general review, but also run through the learning and training process of each class. Every time a teacher talks about an analogy of historical knowledge, everyone can recall the same and similar historical knowledge they have learned according to the teacher's prompt, and then analyze and compare them, and sum up similar historical knowledge into the same memory chain. For example, when talking about the bourgeois revolution in Anglo-American law, we can compare the causes, processes and influences of revolutions in various countries in the form of tables, analyze similarities and differences, and understand the essentials of mastering knowledge through analysis and comparison. After repeated training and guidance, students will master the memory methods of contact and comparison.
Vertical connection refers to the historical issues of similar matters crossing the chapter boundaries, looking forward and looking back, and running through the front line. For example, the clues of literary history of several dynasties in ancient China: Tang poetry, Song ci, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels, etc. For another example, in the modern history of China, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society: with the signing of the Opium War "Sino-British treaty of nanking", China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; After the Second Opium War and the Sino-French War, the degree of semi-colonization gradually deepened through a series of unequal treaties. After Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, it signed the "Xin Chou Treaty", which plunged China into the abyss of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
In short, we should learn to master the internal relations of teaching materials, so as to achieve vertical and horizontal integration, and there is a line in the historical facts of similar items vertically; Contemporary faces, viewed horizontally, have faces. Countless historical issues can be put in the right position and interwoven into a net, so as to achieve vertical and horizontal order and balanced sources, learn to grasp historical knowledge as a whole with main clues, and sum up the vertical and horizontal relations of historical things by yourself. Then everyone's ability and skills to learn historical knowledge will be improved in a skilled knowledge network.