After more than two hundred years of development of Gothic-style imitation Romanesque art, in the 12th century, a new art gradually formed in France, and then expanded to all of Europe, and continued until the 15th century. Century, this is "Gothic art". However, in some areas of Europe, imitation Romanesque art continued into the 13th century and even the 15th century. Gothic art continued to develop in Europe (except Italy) in the fifteenth century. Geographically speaking, France is the region where Romanesque art style is most prevalent, and it is also the birthplace of Gothic art style - the French St. Denis Church.

Gothic cathedrals are characterized by cross-ribbed arches, high buttresses, flying buttresses, pointed arch structures, and the extensive use of new decorative systems. The high, straight, and pointed shape has a strong upward trend, implying the belief of being close to the kingdom of heaven. The church is not purely for religious worship, but the center of public life in various places. Because it is higher than ordinary buildings and can be seen from a distance, the size of the church also represents a symbol of the financial strength of the local people. Gothic churches use rosette windows and stained glass mosaics instead of walls, making the entire building almost a transparent body. On a sunny day, walking into the Gothic church feels like walking into a rainbow.

Gothic art is centered on the development of churches. Among them, the most eye-catching is its architectural expression; it has changed from the thick and solid style of Roman style to emphasizing vertical, upward, light and slender styles. The unique form, coupled with the large number of colorfully decorated stained glass windows in the church, exudes a mysterious and magnificent atmosphere, as if you are in heaven. The Gothic cathedral, with its light, agile, tall and straight shape, forms a sharp contrast with the heavy and solid Romanesque church.

During the period when Gothic art was prevalent, the status of art workers was separated from that of craftsmen and gradually improved. They were able to create their own artistic style. At the same time, artists also began to sign their own works, an unprecedented move.

About sculpture

Mainly used as decoration of buildings, such as high reliefs, statues, etc. on the exterior and entrance of churches. The characteristics of the sculptures of this period are the enhancement of realism and independent existence. The figures appear relatively slender and have a quiet and gentle beauty. They are quite different from the stiffness of Byzantine sculptures and the deformation of Roman-style sculptures. After the 13th century, sculpture and architecture began to separate, and larger stone statues appeared.

About painting

Mainly painted on stained glass windows, it is abstract and decorative. Its colorful light and colors make the church look more magnificent and mysterious. Being in it is like entering The world of rainbow is full of wonderful religious atmosphere. Romanesque church buildings have smaller windows, so they have larger walls for murals; Gothic churches have more windows and develop stained glass windows, so murals are rare. In terms of painting, woodblock prints and book illustrations are also popular.

Important features of Baroque architecture are

The long, narrow nave was replaced by a broader, occasionally rounded form

The light, or strong Contrasts of light and shade, monochromatic effects (eg church of Weltenburg Abbey), or dramatic use of uniform lighting through several windows (eg church of Weingarten Abbey)

For ornaments (puttos) Rich use made of wood (often gilded), plaster or stucco, marble or faux marble)

Massive ceiling frescoes

Exterior facades are dramatic The central projection is often depicted

The interior is more often absent than the shell for painting and sculpture (especially in the late Baroque period)

Hallucinatory effects like trompe l'oeil and a blend of painting and architecture

In Bavarian and Swabian Baroque, onion domes were common

Baroque sacred architecture was used in Italy, especially Rome and cathedrals The paradigm was mainly influenced with crossed domes and nave. Baroque was the center of secular architecture in France, and the open three-wing layout of the palace was established as a standard approach as early as the 16th century.

But this is the Palais du Luxembourg (built 1615-1620) by Salomon de Brosse, who established an example of Baroque architecture

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