Song Huizong and Evonne are not only good at painting, but also have high attainments in calligraphy. Ruihe map

On the basis of learning from Xue Yao and Chu Suiliang, Evonne's calligraphy has created a unique "thin gold body", which is thin and smooth, with one side like bamboo, and complements his meticulous painting. Thin gold book refers to its gold, wealth and righteousness, and also boasts of its strength. There are many calligraphy works handed down from ancient times by Zhao Pei, and all kinds of calligraphy works such as Kai, Xing and Cao are in later generations, with vigorous and elegant brushwork and distinctive personality. Among them, Square Calyx Poetry is a masterpiece of Bo Jin Shu with sharp brushwork and elegant style. However, Song Huizong's calligraphy also has the shortcomings of being gentle and frivolous, which may be caused by the times and his own artistic accomplishment. However, its unique artistic personality of thin gold body is imitated by later generations. Evonne pays special attention to flower-and-bird painting. Xuan He Hua Pu recorded 2786 Song Huizong flower-and-bird paintings in his collection.

, accounting for 44% of the total collection. It can be seen that its preference is deep. "Painting with" records that Zhao Ji once wrote "Cloud Village and Crane Map". "Or playing in the forest, or drinking too much liquid, the phoenix jumps over the shape of a dragon, dances with dew, draws the sky to move, and makes it clean with extreme thoughts, feathers and clear springs, side by side without contention, walking alone without bias, carefree and clear-cut, all of which are wonderful." This kind of praise for Evonne's exquisite and vivid flower-and-bird paintings can be found everywhere. A large number of exquisite flower-and-bird paintings "Evonne" that have been handed down to this day have confirmed the authenticity of this record. Evonne's flower-and-bird paintings, with an extremely rigorous creative attitude, not only fully grasped the growth law of the object from the image, but also vividly conveyed the spiritual characteristics of the object with a unique style, reaching a highly mature artistic realm. Traditional flower-and-bird painting in China can be divided into two schools: Xu () and Huang (Ru), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Huang Pai is better at using color than pen, while Xu Pai is better at using pen but shorter than color. According to technical standards, Xu is not as beautiful as Huang; According to artistic standards, Huang is not as handsome as Xu's charm. As two extremely important elements in China's traditional flower-and-bird painting techniques, painting with a pen and coloring are indispensable. Going to extremes is prone to prejudice. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the painting style of the Yellow School unified the painting academy. After a hundred years of imitation, it seems lifeless. Cui Bai and Yi Yuanji rose up to reform and revive Xu Xi's painting methods. The yellow school was temporarily backward, but it did not quit the flower-and-bird painting world, thus making the flower-and-bird painting flourish. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xu and Huang were actually in a state of parallel development. With profound artistic accomplishment, he has a clear understanding of the technical characteristics of Xu and Huang schools. Therefore, our flower-and-bird painting is to learn from Wu and learn from Cui Bai, that is, there are schools of thought. Of course, he didn't just learn one, but "wonderful and changeable, there are six ways." According to the literature, he sometimes inherited Xu Xi's ink painting heritage, and sometimes he "specializes in the beauty of Xu Xi's yellow father and son". Obviously, as far as creative techniques are concerned, we should not only learn from Wu and Cui Bai, that is, the systematic brushwork, but also like the colors of Huang Quan and Huang Juyi, and strive to make them integrate into one. Xu Xiye snorted, and the Huang family was rich. Xu School and Huang School represent two completely different aesthetic tastes. As the emperor of the dynasty, Evonne was also a man who enjoyed the splendor, and he had a deep-rooted interest in delicate and rich yellow style. At the same time, after the rise of literati painting, he is bound to be influenced by the ethos of the times. Around him, there are a group of noble royalty who are elegant and have a good literati lifestyle, such as Wang Shen and Zhao Linglong, who are closely related to Mi Fei, one of the advocates of literati painting. Mi Fei advocated the aesthetic view of "plain and naive, not pretending to be clever and interesting", which naturally influenced Evonne deeply. In particular, his comprehensive and profound cultural and artistic accomplishment makes his aesthetic taste reflect a strong literati temperament. Therefore, it not only advocates the wealth of the Huang family, but also likes the wild Xu family, and its aesthetic taste is also the blend of Xu and Huang. For Evonne's artistic achievements, critics always think that his flower-and-bird paintings are the highest. Evonne's artistic originality and influence on later generations are mainly reflected in his flower-and-bird paintings. This is manifested in the following three aspects: First, the uniqueness of the arrangement of objects and images. Commercial location is the main requirement of the painter, so there are many different ways to arrange the picture because of the complexity and simplicity of the subject matter. There is a universal method that everyone can learn; There are also special methods, which need the ingenuity and ingenious arrangement of the author. The composition of Evonne's flower-and-bird paintings is sometimes ingenious. For example, on the axis of "The Picture of the Swimming Pool", two swimming pools are written in ink painting on the left side at the bottom of the picture, with wings struggling and tangled and feathers messy. The last one is in an advantage, holding each other's chest and abdomen with its claws and glaring with its mouth open; But the one below did not show weakness, still struggled bravely, fought back and pecked its right foot back. On the left is a big blank, only a few feathers are fluttering, which makes people think that these two fighting birds have been fighting from a height, and it seems that there is a vast space. A pine branch inclines from the lower right of the picture to the upper right, and another bird perches on it, making a sound, flapping its wings and looking down at the two combat companions below. I don't know whether to cheer or stop, but it seems. The situation of anxiety is vividly described, and the psychological feelings are also described in detail. Compared with heavy colors, the pine branches of the shovel and the thin, hard and sharp pine needles enhance the movement of the picture. Although all the images captured in the painting are natural and realistic, the ingenious and unique arrangement of images implies an infinite idealized artistic world beyond the limited time and space images. This is the unique style of flower-and-bird painting in the period, which opened the landscape painting creation reform of Liu, Li, Ma and Xia in the Southern Song Dynasty. Second, the uniqueness of realistic techniques. A foreign expert who studies China's art history once called the realistic technique of Evonne's flower-and-bird painting "magic realism" because it gave people "magical allure" (Lawrence Sickmann: The Art of China and the Architecture of China). It is not uncommon for Northern Song Dynasty painting theory to attach importance to verve, but in Evonne's era, there were strict requirements on form and spirit. "Charming and invisible, quality is better than literature; If there is a similar shape without charm, it is flashy "("Yizhou Famous Paintings Record "). Shape is similar to things, and God is similar to heaven. The ideal state is from form to spirit. The so-called lifelike sketch should not only have the correct shape, but also be full of lively spirit. In his creative practice, Evonne has been striving to be similar in form and spirit. Legend has it that Evonne made the finishing touch with the feathers painted with raw lacquer and hid them in beans, which were higher than paper and made him want to stop. This is a technical attempt to achieve the spirit likeness from the modeling. For example, in the artistic description of The Imperial Eagle Map, the double hooks are meticulous, the feathers are scattered, and the shape is vivid and natural. Hawkeye, in particular, is full of heroic spirit, showing a strong spirit. The artistic style is fresh and elegant, and the feeling of rudeness will never be removed. Although the double hook has always been a form of expression, this novel painting style is a wonderful sketch with both form and spirit, which has changed from pure and sincere interest to subtle and clever, showing a certain distance from Cui Bai and Wu. Another example is a pair of magpies in the bird picture of Jin Yingqiu, with meticulous brushwork and meticulous objects. It's really wonderful to express detailed sketches with handsome pens. The charm of flowers, the elegance of leaves, the stiffness of branches, the grace of grass, the exquisiteness of stones, the singing and jumping of birds and animals, and the flying and crawling of grass insects all spread their magical realistic skills without any regrets. Just as Zhang Chou wrote Zhao Ji's poem "Plum Blossom": "Plum Blossom Xuan He pen, ten fingers spring breeze silk; 500 wonders hanging, faint fragrance.

Calligraphy and painting works (1 1 piece) are scattered and scattered. "The so-called" miracle "and" colored silk "are wonderful meanings. This tradition of sketching is the most precious tradition of Chinese painting. In fact, Su Shi advocates that painting lies not in the shape, but in the meaning of the shape. It is not to say that the image is not like it, but to express the inner spirit of the object on the basis of image. For example, he wrote in the book "Yellow Painting Birds": "Yellow painted a bird, showing its neck and feet. Or, saying,' when a bird shrinks its neck, it spreads its foot, and when it shrinks its foot, it spreads its neck, and there is no second exhibition.' The test is true. A person who knows how to look at things without judging them. A painter can't do it, but what is bigger? A gentleman is curious because he studies business. "Here, Su Shi particularly emphasized the meticulous observation of life as the research object, which is similar to Evonne's study of proud as a peacock, Must Be Left, and his attitude seems to be similar. Third, the uniqueness of the combination of poetry, calligraphy and printing. Evonne's paintings, especially flower-and-bird paintings, often have imperial poems, signboards and seals. Poems are generally inscribed on paintings belonging to Seiko's rich road, such as the lotus and golden rooster picture. In the lower left corner, there is a cluster of autumn chrysanthemums, a hibiscus slightly upturned, and a golden rooster leaning on a branch of flowers and birds. Looking back at the butterflies flying in the upper right corner, I followed the eyes of the golden pheasant and led to the poem in the blank space on the right: "Autumn is full of frost, and I am crowned with golden pheasant; As we all know, there are five virtues, and comfort is better than ghosts and gods. "The whole picture opens and closes in an orderly way, and the poem makes the painting unfinished, and the painting is more complete because of the poem. In fact, the title of this poem has skillfully become a part of the picture composition, from which we can see Evonne's bold attempt and remarkable achievements in the integration of poetry and painting. The inscription and signature on the painting are generally in his unique "thin gold body", beautiful fonts and beautiful pictures, which set each other off. Signature, in particular, likes to bet on flowers. It is said that it is a short stroke of "one person under the sun" and also means "Tianshui". Use gourd-shaped seals, or small seals such as "Zheng He" and "Xuanhe". It is worth mentioning that the author's imprint on calligraphy and painting began in Su Shi, Mi Fei, Evonne and Zhao Zi Tuan in the Song Dynasty.

Excerpts from calligraphy and painting works (20 pieces) and others. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing became the traditional feature of Chinese painting. However, in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was still in the primary stage, and Evonne was the first open atmosphere. Obviously, Evonne's flower-and-bird paintings can be praised by later generations. However, contrary to these compliments, he doubted or even denied his flower-and-bird paintings. Dong Tang of the Yuan Dynasty said in the Picture Book: "The collection of Xuanhe Ruilan is too tired for hundreds of books. I tried my best, how can I rest here? " If people in the art academy had imitated their works, they would have printed their ears long ago. "That is to say, because Zhao Ji has a lot of flower-and-bird paintings, as an emperor, he doesn't have much time to paint, so he made the above speculation. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang further believed that "Master Xuanhe went out of the temple to catch a knife when sketching flowers and birds. Although wearing a thin gold book, small seal, true and false are wrong, ten are different "(calligraphy and painting). This kind of wrong inference lacks basis, which can be said to be irresponsible from the perspective of painting history research. In modern times, according to the fact that Liu Yi and Fu Xie "presented imperial paintings" during Zheng He and Xuanhe years, it is speculated that all Evonne's works are ghostwriters. It is a fact that Evonne's paintings are true or false, but it is extremely unscientific to deny his painting creation. According to historical records, Huizong Zhao Ji often held calligraphy and painting awards activities, and a large number of works presented to bureaucrats were written by painters of the Academy of Painting, which is natural and understandable. As an imperial painter, it is naturally impossible for Evonne to devote all his energy to his creation in order to supply him with necessary uses. Hanlin Painting Academy was originally a palace service organization, and painters in the Academy have the obligation to paint these works, which is the so-called function of "painting for the palace". Hui Zong's inscription on it only shows his talent for bureaucratic subjects. Among the painters of past dynasties, there are also many ghostwriters because of social relations. For example, "Xuanhe Painting Spectrum" records: "In his later years, Wu imitated his paintings or disciples and took seal script as his own pen. To be sure, these "other paintings" or disciples' works retain Wu's painting style to some extent. Similarly, even though there are people from the Academy in Hui Zong's existing paintings, these works are all created according to the pattern approved by Hui Zong, from which we can still see Hui Zong's painting style and aesthetic taste, and we can never deny his artistic creation. Xu Bangda, an art historian, divided Hui Zong's paintings handed down from ancient times into two types: simple and exquisite, in his essay "A Textual Research on Song Huizong Evonne's Handwriting and Ghost Writing". He thinks that the latter can only represent Hui Zong's appreciation level, and it should be ghostwritten by someone from the Academy of Painting, while Evonne's handwriting is simple and clumsy. Xu Bangda's research on ghostwriting is obviously much more in-depth and concrete than that of his predecessors. However, from the perspective of the study of painting history, there are often more than one painting style of a painter, including the main painting style and the secondary painting style. The two styles of painting are sometimes almost opposite, which makes it hard to believe that it was written by one person. People who sketch sometimes paint freehand brushwork, while people who paint green sometimes like ink and wash. The hard-working works in the early years are bound to be very different from the mature works in the later years. If a painter paints only one style in his life, he is a painter, not a painter. It is reasonable to have different views on the authenticity of Evonne's brush. However, every excellent painter always has an artistic personality spirit, integrating all his works with different shapes and styles and corresponding quietly. In the preface to the Complete Works of Harmony, Xie's textual research on various styles of flower-and-bird paintings is more nuanced. First of all, Xie classified bamboo birds, willow crows, herons, imperial eagles, autumn birds with golden shadows, loquat mountain birds, four birds, rare birds drawn from life, Xianglongshi, Ruihe and Xinghua according to the unified brushwork characteristics of different styles of brushes in different periods. It is believed that these paintings show the unique character and affection of Zhao Ji's brushwork with their exquisite and agile sketches and fresh and elegant painting style, which is quite different from the painter's deliberate follow-up. Secondly, based on the characteristics of brushwork, "the golden pheasant parked on the hibiscus and the bald bird perched side by side on the plum branches, we can't see the brushwork and pen and ink meaning of the above-mentioned Evonne handwriting, which contains * * *, which can only be said to have followed the style of Evonne, and there is no escape." Xie also classified Lotus Golden Rooster and Mera Tit as imperial paintings according to The Story of Continuing Pavilion in Southern Song Dynasty. "It's a work created by students of' Three Institutes' or a monthly exam, and Zhao Jicai was selected for inscription". Xie's textual research on the argument seems to be closer to the truth than the previous people. Evonne's creative achievements in the field of flower-and-bird painting are undeniable, although his various styles of flower-and-bird painting have illusory traces. In a word, "Emperor Hui Zong's heaven is sacred, and his technique is superb" (Painting with), poetry, calligraphy and painting have all reached a certain artistic height, especially in painting, no matter landscapes, flowers and birds, figures, they can "get what they want, drive nature with pens, and everything can get its physiology" (Postscript of Guang Chuan Painting). As Lawrence Sickmann said in the book Art and Architecture in China: "The throne created conditions for Hui Zong's painting activities, but Hui Zong's paintings spread to future generations, not because of its throne, but because of its artistic charm." This is a very objective and fair statement. It can be said that Huizong Zhao Ji is the only emperor with high artistic accomplishment and painting ability in history, and he is a real painter. Art advocates Evonne's artistic thought, emphasizes the combination of form and spirit, and advocates the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. He is the founder of meticulous painting, painting flowers and birds, landscapes, figures, pavilions and pavilions, which is the commonality of outstanding people. Artists have nothing to do with politicians, but they will definitely have problems in politics, which is determined by their completely different thinking modes, unique personalities and standards of doing things. It is not difficult to understand that it is a tragedy for artists to go into politics. Let's take a comprehensive look at all the outstanding artists in the history of China. They all hit a wall in their official career, even after their heads were broken, they returned to the people and lived in seclusion, getting rid of the noise and official career, and made great achievements in art, such as Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Su Dongpo. As an accomplished calligrapher in the history of China, Evonne's spiritual sustenance is all about poetry, calligraphy and painting. He is handsome and talented. Unfortunately, he was born in the royal family. Evonne is the son of Song Shenzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, namely Song Huizong. He has no interest in politics and no ability. During his reign, he was politically corrupt and lived in luxury. Later, he passed the throne to his son Song Qinzong, calling himself "the Emperor's Father". In the second year of Jingkang, he and both were captured by Jin Bing and finally died in a foreign country. These are not my concerns. What I want to talk about here is his artistic achievements in painting. Evonne's art advocates both form and spirit, and advocates the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal. He is the founder of meticulous painting, painting flowers and birds, landscapes, figures, pavilions and pavilions, which is the similarity of everyone. His pen is beautiful and flexible, stretching freely and full of peaceful atmosphere. He pays attention to sketching and is famous for his exquisite realism. According to legend, he painted his eyes with raw lacquer, which is more vivid and breathtaking. Evonne's paintings are based on the realistic images of nature, with ingenious conception and focus on the ideal world beyond time and space. This feature opened the door to the composition changes of landscape paintings of Liu Songnian, Li Hao and Xia Gui in the Southern Song Dynasty. He also emphasized the idea of painting with both form and spirit. Lawrence Sickmann once said in the book "Art in China and Architecture in China" that Evonne's painting realism skills give people extraordinary allure with "magic realism". Evonne advocated the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. When he is creating, he often skillfully combines poems, tips, signatures and seals into a part of the picture. This became the traditional feature of the painting school after Yuan and Ming Dynasties. When Evonne was in office, he collected a wide range of cultural relics, paintings and calligraphy, and personally took charge of the Hanlin Painting Academy, which enabled officials to classify books, write comments, and edit books such as Xuan He Shu Pu, Xuan He Hua Pu and Xuan He Bo Gu Tu, which promoted and advocated the painting art in the Song Dynasty. He also raised the salaries of painters in the Academy of Painting and brought the Academy into the imperial examination system. He recruited painters with the poems of "No one crosses the wild water, and the boat crosses itself" and "The branches are green, and the spring scenery is not much annoying", which injected the temperament of "literati painting" into the painting academy. Many painters, such as Li Tang, Su Hanchen and Mi Fei. From this, they all stand out and become famous in the art world. The emperor loves calligraphy and painting so much, how can literati not flock to it? Calligraphy and court painting in the Northern Song Dynasty developed to the extreme at this time. In calligraphy, Zhao Jiqi began to learn from Huang Tingjian, and later learned from Chu Suiliang, Xue Ji and Xue Yao. He mixed the strengths of various schools, learned from others and expressed his opinions. Finally, he created a unique "thin gold body", which not only has the feeling of "natural beauty, interesting beauty", but also has a strong personality color of "bending iron to break gold" It is characterized by thin and elastic strokes, sharp tail hooks and quick pen strokes. Characters are generally long and relaxed, with a sense of beauty, elegance, ease and ease, and are rigorous and meticulous from beginning to end. This kind of thin, crisp and square calligraphy requires extremely high calligraphy skills, self-restraint and calm mentality to complete. Since then, although many people have learned this font, few people can feel its charm, which is enough to witness Evonne's calligraphy skills. In contrast, Evonne's poems are relatively mediocre, especially his early poems, which are mostly melodramatic with obvious hedonism. However, after becoming the king of national subjugation, he touched the scene and wrote many excellent works, such as "the west wind broke the door all night, and the lonely pavilion was depressed;" Looking back on the home mountain, there are no geese flying in the south of the mountain. "It's boring to read.