The establishment of American professional basketball league (NBA) was not smooth sailing. The original idea of basketball and the establishment of NBA began in a school in Massachusetts. The birth of this sport was originally intended to keep the students of this college healthy in the long winter.
189 1 YMCA Training School (now Springfield College) Sports director asked James? Dr james naismith invented an easy-to-learn indoor sport. Naismith combined the popular baseball, lacrosse, American football, rugby and football with his childhood games, and finally simply compiled the 13 rule, thus basketball was born.
When organizing the first game, the players were not shooting at all-they just tried their best to put the ball in the peach basket nailed to the railing in the stands of the stadium in advance. After the doorman nailed the basket, naismith began to wait for the arrival of the students and began to go to physical education class. The long and cold winter angel students are very lazy and unwilling to take part in sports activities.
"At that time, there were 18 students in the class," naismith recalled. "I chose two captains and asked them to choose the venue. I arranged their positions on the court. Each team has three forwards, three centers and three defenders. I choose two centers to prepare for the jump ball and then throw the ball between them. This is the first basketball game, and students will never be late for physical education class. "
In the first basketball match held on 189112,218, the students of18 were divided into two teams, each with 9 players. It was not until 1897 that the standard of 5 people per team was determined.
The first game was a great success. The students played basketball for a whole class, and finally ended the game with 1-0. This score is far from the score in NBA games today.
At that time, there was no dribbling technique. According to one of naismith's original 13 rules, players can only pass the ball to their teammates, who can't move after receiving it. The initial dribbling on the court was achieved by passing the ball back and forth between players in this way.
Part of the reason for adopting this rule is that the earliest basketball was an irregular brown ball, which was often used in football matches at that time. It was not until more than 50 years later that the familiar orange basketball appeared.
However, although basketball had such a humble beginning and the rules were relatively simple, it soon spread on campus, spread throughout the United States through the branches of the YMCA, and finally spread to the world by the missionaries of the YMCA.
Naismith, who is humble and never shows off, is called "the father of basketball". The game he invented to keep the unruly students busy in the long and cold winter finally became one of the most popular sports in the world.
However, it was more than 40 years before the end of World War II that the American Basketball League began to form and was later called NBA.
Time is coming soon 1946. At that time, many high schools and universities in the United States had formed basketball teams and participated in leagues, but the nationwide professional basketball league had not yet been established.
During this period, basketball began to develop rapidly. After each goal, the center doesn't have to go back to the midfield to jump the ball. Fast-paced games are very popular, and basketball games are very profitable in universities. Team owners of other professional sports have also noticed this, and they are eager to get higher profits by promoting basketball throughout the country. However, this process is long.
1On June 6th, 946, the owners of the new york Bruins and Madison Square Garden teams in the National Hockey League, together with others, formed a minor league, namely the American Basketball Association (BAA). This new league composed of 1 1 teams faces many obstacles.
At the beginning, it was very difficult, the attendance rate was pitifully low, and BAA's team lacked fame and star appeal. At that time, the college basketball league attracted the most attention. Most of the best professional players played for the National Basketball League (NBL) or other smaller leagues with a history of 65,438+00 years.
BAA has economic backing and an arena, while NBL has the most popular players, especially George, who is 2.08 meters tall. George Mikan. 1946, he stood out from debao university and later became one of the players who dominated that era.
NBL Club has a strong team, which has provided strong support for professional leagues that have begun to take shape over the years. Several of these clubs later developed into famous teams in the NBA today. For example, fort wayne (now Detroit Pistons), Syracuse (now Philadelphia 76 ers) and Minneapolis (now Los Angeles Lakers).
The club owner understands that scattered alliances must be merged. 1948- 1949 On the eve of the season, Maurice, President of BAA? Maurice Podoloff successfully made NBL's fort wayne team and Indianapolis team switch to BAA. At that time, Rochester, the best team in NBL, also moved to BAA.
The young BAA has owned 12 teams since then, playing 60 games every season. By 1950, BAA had expanded to Denver in the west, with a team of 17, which was divided into three divisions. However, because it has been losing money, the BAA alliance has been reformed.
The reorganized league made its debut in the season of 1950- 195 1, and the team participated in 66 games. The team that attracted the most fans at that time was the Minneapolis Lakers led by superstar McCann. At the same time, the pre-match performance of Harlem Globetrotters fancy basketball team is also very wonderful, and the games with their performances are always packed.
In fact, as early as 1947- 1948 season, Wataru Misaka, a Japanese-American, joined the new york Knicks, but it is generally believed that 1950 NBA really broke the boundaries of skin color. At that time, the protagonist of NBA was African-American players, such as Chuck of Boston Celtics. Chuck Cooper, Nate of the new york Knicks? Nat clifton and the Earl of Washington? Earl Lloyd.
In order to speed up the game and prevent the team from delaying time, the NBA began to use the 24-second shooting timing rule, which is still one of the main rules of the league.
From 65438 to 0954, the number of NBA teams dropped to the lowest level in history, with only eight teams, namely Knicks, Celtics, Warriors, Lakers, Kings, Pistons, Eagles and 76ers. In the following decades, the NBA gradually developed around these teams. At that time, the Lakers led by McCann was a top team, winning the championship five times and establishing one of the earliest dynasties in the NBA.
However, in 1957, Bill, who just attended the Olympic Games? Bill russell joined the Celtics through the draft in the middle of the season, and a more powerful Celtic dynasty was gradually established. The effect of joining Russell is immediate. He helped the Celtics win their first championship in the first season. He played in the league for 13 years. Russell served as a player, captain, player and coach during his time with Celtic. He won more championship rings than his fingers.
By the end of 1950s and the beginning of 1960s, NBA was bigger and stronger. The Minneapolis Lakers moved to Los Angeles, the Philadelphia Warriors came to San Francisco, and the Syracuse national team chose Philadelphia as their home. 196 1 year, the Chicago Packers, now the Washington Wizards, became the ninth team to join the NBA. During 1966- 1968, five more teams joined the NBA, namely: Chicago Bulls, seattle supersonics, San Diego Rockets (moved to Houston four years later), Milwaukee Bucks and Phoenix Suns.
1959, basketball superstar Wilt? Chamberlain entered the NBA stage as a rookie. It can be said that Chamberlain was the most dazzling star at that time. Him and Michael? Jordan is as popular as fans and attracts many people to pay attention to the NBA.
1959, the Philadelphia Warriors selected Chamberlain in the draft. Chamberlain is very strong. The rookie was 2.16m tall and weighed113kg, averaging 37 points and 27 rebounds. Later, Chamberlain set a record of 100 points in a single game. In 2006, Kobe? Kobe Bryant scored 8 1 point against Toronto Raptors, which is the closest record to Chamberlain so far.
Although Chamberlain showed great power as a star, the 1960s belonged to Bill? Russell and Boston Celtics. From 1959, under the guidance of coach auerbach, Russell and teammate defender Bob? Robertjoseph cousy, striker Tom? Tommy heinsen led the Celtics to win the championship eight times in a row and established the Celtic dynasty. This has also become an unparalleled record in the history of American professional sports. Chamberlain later moved to the Los Angeles Lakers, igniting the legendary duel between the two teams. Sports columnists, commentators and other media people pay great attention to Russell and Chamberlain, and even call the confrontation between them "super collision" and "battle of giants".
1967, the Celtics lost to the Philadelphia 76 ers in the Eastern Conference finals, ending eight consecutive championships. Although Russell's team was already aging, he won two championship rings with 1968 and 1969 before retiring.
At 1970, in addition to Chamberlain and Russell, there is another rookie in the league, Karim? Abdul? Jabbar went from 1966 to 1974, and the number of NBA teams expanded from 9 to 18.
However, the newly rising American Basketball Association (ABA) organized a gorgeous and open league and challenged the NBA. In particular, an ABA player named Dr. J fundamentally changed basketball, and many later stars were influenced by him.
ABA was founded by sports promoter Dennis at 1967? Dennis Murphy and some investors. ABA has become a direct competitor of NBA. In addition to the different shooting timing rules (ABA is 30 seconds, NBA is 24 seconds), many features of the new ABA league can be seen in modern NBA, such as the three-point line in the game and the dunk contest in the All-Star Game.
The most obvious difference between the two leagues is the game ball, and Aba League uses red, white and blue basketball. Julius, the superstar of ABA new york Nets (later New Jersey Nets)? When Julius Erving flies in the air, the ball is like a shining lamp in his hand. Owen, known as Dr. J, is one of the first players in the league to perform in the air. His gorgeous flying action, pleasing dunk, unique style and excellent competitive ability influenced many NBA stars later, including Michael Jordan. Except for Dr. J., Aba and Moses? Moses malone, Arthur? Artis Gilmore, Connie? Connie Hawkins and George? George gervin and many other stars. Although these stars are full of passion, Aba has no national TV broadcasting contract and can only struggle with financial difficulties. After 9 seasons, the remaining ABA teams were merged or absorbed into the NBA.
1974, New Orleans Jazz (later Utah Jazz) joined the NBA. 1976, Nets, Denver Nuggets, Indiana Pacers and San Antonio Spurs transferred to NBA. So far, the total number of NBA teams has expanded to 22.
Dr. J's excellent basketball ability and inspiring style may be one of the main reasons why NBA began to attach importance to ABA and try to absorb its teams. Although it was impossible to predict the future development prospects at that time, the move of absorbing ABA teams laid a new foundation for the fast-paced game style of NBA today.
Every dunk, aerial relay, passing without looking at people, or whistling for three points in modern NBA games are more or less Aba style. It is generally believed that before the merger, the NBA was conservative and monotonous.
"Every night, the NBA games I watch are the same as the previous ABA games," said Owen, the current executive vice president of Orlando Magic, in an interview with NBA official website. "There is no doubt that the fast-paced offensive and defensive transitions, three-point long shots and many tactics we see in NBA games come from ABA games. The talent, innovation and entertainment shown by NBA players all come from Aba League. "
By the time the merger of 1976 was completed, the NBA had reached an unprecedented scale. Many stars in the league were later elected to the Hall of Fame. These stars include Dr. J and Rick? Rick barry, Karim? Abdul? Qiao Ba, Dave? Cowans, Walter? Walter frazier and Pete? Pete maravich.
The merged NBA has become very powerful, and its next goal is to go out of the United States and let the world know about the NBA. The globalization of NBA began with 1979. Is it this year, Larry? Bird and Magic Johnson joined the NBA. Larry? Bird claimed to be a "countryman from Farick, Indiana", while Johnson's performance was dazzling. These two athletes were rivals in college, and now they are playing in the NBA.
When Larry of the Boston Celtics. When Bird and Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers competed for each other, another player who had a great influence on the NBA-Michael? Jordan stepped onto the stage of NBA. Jordan's strong impact on the basket in the game quickly attracted the attention of fans. During this period, three basketball superstars became the pillars of the NBA. They have led the globalization trend of NBA and become idols in the hearts of many fans.
Bird and Magic Johnson have completely different styles of play. Bird is by no means the fastest player in the NBA, but he can deeply understand the essence of basketball and his jump shot is very accurate. The magician, with his superb ball control skills and elusive passing, led the Lakers to play a very ornamental fast break and created a basketball style called "Showtime basketball".
Bird and Johnson will always be rivals on the basketball court. The duel between them began long before entering the NBA. 1979, in the NCAA basketball final, the figs team of Indiana University led by Byrd played against the Spartan team of the University of Michigan led by Johnson. In the end, the Spartans won, but the duel between the two superstars continued in the NBA.
Bird's playing style is very suitable for Boston Celtics in the 1980s-his simple blue-collar style made him very popular among Boston fans. On the west coast, Johnson's "performance moment" is perfectly integrated with the glitz and charm of Los Angeles.
Through the draft and trade, both teams equipped their stars with excellent teammates. Bird ended up with center Robert? Parrish, striker Kevin? Kevin mchale and defender Danny? Danny ainge and Dennis? Dennis johnson fought side by side. The magician and Karim? Abdul? Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and then James was added to the Lakers' starting lineup? James worthy and Byron? Byron Scott and A.C. Green.
Bill? Russell and wilt? Chamberlain ruled the League. After more than 20 years, the strong lineup of the two teams rekindled the war between Celtic and Lakers. In the 1980s, the match between the two teams attracted the attention of fans all over the world.
1984, Birdie and Magic Johnson led the team to the finals respectively, and the two sides fought for the championship. Five years ago, the two superstars met in the NCAA finals, and now they have entered the NBA finals. After wave of media reports, the game between the two sides was epic, and finally the Celtics won the championship. 1985, the two teams entered the finals again, but this time the magician and his Lakers won.
In 1980s, the Celtics led by Bird won three championships, while the Lakers led by Magic won five championships, including 1987 and 1988, becoming Bill's successor? Russell led the Celtics, the first team to successfully defend the championship.
In 1980s, the NBA expanded four teams, namely Dallas Mavericks, Charlotte Hornets (later New Orleans Hornets), Orlando Magic and Minnesota Timberwolves. So far, the number of NBA teams has reached 27.
1984, the NBA used ABA for reference, and added a dunk contest on the All-Star weekend, and a three-pointer contest two years later.
Bird and the magician were the kings of the league at that time, but in 1984, Michael? Jordan stepped onto the stage of NBA and gradually became the new ruler of NBA. In many people's minds, Jordan makes the NBA shine. He is the greatest basketball player in history. After Jordan was selected by Chicago Bulls as a rookie, he was good at performing solo on the court, and people saw his super scoring ability and dazzling dunk. Early in his career, he scored 63 points for Bird and his Celtics. About 10 years later, the management of the bulls formed a championship team around Jordan. In order to grow into a more comprehensive player, Jordan trained hard even at the intermission of the season. At this point, a new dynasty in NBA was born.
From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the Celtics and Lakers gradually lost their former charm, while the bulls led by Jordan dominated the league and won the championship again and again. However, there is a big obstacle on the glorious road of the bulls winning the championship, that is, the accused defender Isiah? Detroit Pistons led by isiah thomas. The Detroit Pistons are young, tenacious and eager to win. Later, they were called "bad boys".
Except Isiah? Thomas, the star of this team and Joe? Joe dumars, Mark? Mark aguirre, Bill? Ranbir and Rick? Rick mahorn and Dennis, when Dennis was very young? Dennis rodman. 1989 and 1990, the pistons won the championship twice in a row, becoming the first team to win the championship twice in a row after the Lakers ten years ago. However, the championship of Pistons ended in 199 1
Chicago Bulls finally formed a strong team. Young and promising players and experienced veterans merged together, and the Bulls began a glorious journey in the NBA.
Michael. Jordan was the most successful and influential star of his time. He used to be the spokesman for sports drinks, sports shoes and fast food restaurants. His number 23 jersey was the best seller at that time. He is not only the overlord of the basketball court, but also his image can be seen everywhere on TV, magazine covers and posters.
His opponents are very cautious for fear of becoming the characters on the poster. Once it is on the cover of a poster or magazine, it must be impossible to stop Jordan from scoring a layup or being dunked by Jordan.
199 1, Chicago Bulls won the championship for the first time. Since then, Jordan has written his own legend in NBA history along the road paved by his predecessors.
In the finals of 1992 and 1993, Chicago Bulls defeated Portland Trailblazers and Phoenix Suns respectively, and achieved a brilliant record of "three consecutive championships". Just Bill? Russell's Boston Celtics have achieved such results.
At that time, the bulls were in full swing, Jordan was popular and the NBA was booming. However, before the start of the 1993- 1994 regular season, Jordan announced a very shocking decision. He said that he had lost his love for basketball, so he planned to retire.
In order to realize his dream of playing in Major League Baseball, Jordan joined the Chicago White Sox and switched to baseball. About two years later, Jordan returned to Chicago Bulls. At the press conference, he simply said "I'm back".
This time he put on the No.45 jersey-this is his number in the baseball game. The opponent in the first game after his comeback was the Knicks. After Jordan left the Bulls, the team performed in general; Although Jordan himself is gradually recovering, his level is not as good as before. The Bulls finally lost to Orlando Magic 2-4 in the Eastern Conference semifinals.
Failure inspired Jordan to train tirelessly at the end of the season. 1995- 1996 at the beginning of the season, the former bull came back. Bulls won in the regular season, creating a record of 72 wins 10 losses, and defeated seattle supersonics in the finals to win the fourth championship. In the finals of 1997 and 1998, the Bulls defeated Utah Jazz twice, thus winning the second "three consecutive championships".
After winning six championship titles, five MVP trophies and six finals MVP, Jordan announced his retirement again on 199965438+ 10/3. Later, from 200/kloc-0 to 2003, he returned to the NBA as a player and played for the Washington Wizards. At that time, he was already one of the bosses of the team. Although he can never recover his early career and win championships in succession, as long as Jordan appears in NBA games all over the United States, the audience will raise countless placards to pay tribute to his contribution to the NBA and his superb skills.
As Jordan announced his retirement for the third time, he finally left the basketball court, plus Larry? Bird and Magic Johnson have already retired, and there is a star vacuum in NBA. A group of famous young stars and countless new people are ready to fill the vacancy and prove themselves.
After Jordan retired, the NBA witnessed the rebirth of a former dynasty and the establishment of a brand-new dynasty. With the addition of Toronto Raptors and Vancouver Grizzlies (later Memphis Grizzlies), the total number of NBA teams has reached 29.
In the 1990s, the Western Conference was always dominated by Chicago Bulls, but now the balance of power is beginning to tilt towards the Western Conference.
End of season 1996- 1997, shaquille? O 'Neal moved from Orlando Magic to Los Angeles Lakers. Lakers guard Kobe Bryant? Kobe Bryant is considered as one of Jordan's successors. Phil, the man who coached Jordan and led the Bulls to win "three consecutive championships" twice? Phil Jackson became the coach of the Lakers. He succeeded in uniting O 'Neill and Kobe Bryant, two people with strong personalities. In the end, the Lakers king rose again and won three consecutive championships.
At that time, if the Lakers didn't win the first place, then the San Antonio Spurs would win the championship. 1999, David? Robinson and Tim? Duncan's spurs won the championship for the first time. Due to labor disputes, 82 regular-season games have been shortened to 50 this season. Since then, the Spurs have won three more championships in 2003, 2005 and 2007.
Although the Western Conference has advantages, the teams in the Eastern Conference are not to be outdone. In 2004 and 2006, Detroit Pistons and Miami Heat won the championship respectively.
In today's NBA stage, a large number of young talents have emerged, and some even joined the NBA just after finishing high school. But what about Kobe, Wade and LeBron? Whether these rising stars like James can inherit Jordan's mantle is still uncertain for fans. In addition, there has been a phenomenon in the field of baseball and football for many years, that is, the trend of internationalization, and many international players have joined the NBA.
We can see the globalization and diversification of NBA from the names of superstars, such as Yao Ming (China) of Rockets, Nowitzki (German) of Mavericks, Ginobili (Argentine) and Parker (French) of Spurs, Gasol (Spain) of Lakers and so on.
Now the NBA has expanded to the international market, but the 2008 finals remind people of a legendary duel in the past.
In the 2008 finals, Kobe led the Los Angeles Lakers against the Big Three (Pierce, Garnett, Ray? The Boston Celtics led by Allen. In the end, the Celtics won 4-2, thus winning the championship for the first time 17. In this way, the war between the Celtics and the Lakers, the old enemies, once again ignited.