The Parliament Building on the north bank of the Thames is famous for its bell tower. Even if Big Ben is not the name of the bell tower but the name of the bell, Big Ben is still the name people are used to. This landmark building in London is part of Charles Bailey's Victorian Gothic design. It is 96 meters high. The outer wall of this 6 1 meter-high tower was completed by Kerry Farm Stan, and the spire was made of iron. The tower foundation is 15m square, fixed with 3m thick cement, 7m deep and weighs about 8,667 tons. These four big clocks are 55 meters high. Tower of London Tower of London is one of the most famous medieval fortress buildings in the world. 1078, William the Conqueror ordered the construction of the White Pagoda to protect the Normans from the attack of the City of London.
The Tower of London on the Thames was rebuilt many times by Henry III and Edward I of England in Britain in the13rd century. The fortress is protected by two walls and a castle trench. There is a mint and a zoo on the wall. Historically, this fortress has been used as an arsenal, palace, execution ground, national archives, observatory and refuge. At the same time, it is also a prison, which mainly holds some high-ranking prisoners. Today, the crown jewels are guarded by the historic Tower of London Guard. Guards are also called beef eaters in spoken language. They are easily recognized in traditional clothes. In addition to numerous exhibitions, medieval palaces and unlovable blood towers, people can also see more than 90 inscriptions of prisoners on the walls of Boshan Tower.
Buckingham Palace is located between St James's Palace and Victoria Railway Station. It was built by the Duke of Buckingham in 1703, so it is called Buckingham Palace. This is a luxurious architectural style from 65438 to the beginning of 09 century, and its huge scale is even more striking than its gorgeous appearance. In 702, the Duke of Buckingham began to build the first house. Sixty years later, it was sold to George III and became the residence of the royal family. 76 1 year was expanded by George III. The transformation of Buckingham Palace into Buckingham Palace was completed by George IV and his important architect john nash. Among them, the golden angel in the portrait of Queen Victoria represents the royal family's hope to reproduce the glory of the Victorian era. If the flag of the British emperor flies directly above the palace, it means that the queen is still in the palace. 1837 Queen Victoria officially became a palace after she ascended the throne. Since then, Buckingham Palace has been the residence of the British royal family. 1847 The left and right wings are connected, and the marble archway of the main entrance road is moved to this address.
/kloc-became the bedroom of the British monarch in 0/863, integrating office and home functions. Buckingham Palace was named after the building of the Duke of Buckingham in 1705. 1726 was purchased by George III and used as an imperial memorial hall, art exhibition hall, office and treasury. On 1825, it was converted into a palace building. 1837, Queen Victoria succeeded to the throne and officially became the palace. It is still the royal residence of Queen Elizabeth. The Queen summoned the Prime Minister and ministers, received and entertained foreign guests and other important activities, all of which were held here. Buckingham Palace decorated the external wall with stones at 193 1, and the recent external wall cleaning has made it shine again. However, what impressed me the most was its interior.
There are more than 600 halls and rooms in the palace, with many oil paintings and exquisite mahogany furniture. More than 100 portraits and busts of British emperors are specially displayed in the lobby of the Art Museum, creating a strong atmosphere of 18 and 19 century England. In the square in front of the palace, there is a golden statue of the goddess of victory and a sitting statue of Queen Victoria, as well as a 40-acre royal garden. The Duke of Buckingham I (1592- 1628) is an important figure in three musketeers by the French writer Dumas. He is the British Prime Minister and the lover of the Queen of France and Princess Anna of Austria.
After the death of her last descendant 1703, Anna, the last queen of Stuart dynasty, awarded the title of Duke of Buckingham to John Scheefeld, Earl of Murgrave. A few years before that, he got Arlington's residence, and now he renamed it Buckingham Palace. The relationship between this mansion and the British royal family is 60 years later. 176 1 year, the British royal family bought it at 2 1000.
Later, the mad king George III wanted a private house, a little far from the sad St James' Palace. Later, his son, George IV, the most extravagant and dissolute monarch in British history, transformed a country house of Duke Buckingham into a real palace, and his favorite architect, johnf nash, was responsible for its magnificent construction, which cost 432,000 pounds, 20 times the purchase price of the building. Nash's new palace is basically the side behind Buckingham Palace that we see today, that is, the side facing the garden.
It was not until 1845 that today's royal residence was built under the rule of Queen Victoria: the palaces on both sides of its north wing and south wing were expanded and closed by the palace on the east side of the fourth wing, becoming square palaces. There is a large balcony on the east facade, which is the traditional feature of the royal family. The last renovation cost is the lowest:10.5 million. During the 150 years when this place was purchased, this palace has been built several times. The British monarch finally has this supreme palace. Elizabeth II is undoubtedly the longest-lived queen here. From 1936 when her father ascended the throne to 1947 when she got married, she and her sister Princess Margaret lived on the third floor of the square building, which is the right side of the main entrance. Five years later, she came back here as a queen and lived with her husband and their four children on the second floor of the North Wing, which was a private suite where her parents used to live.
When you come to the palace, you might as well stop at the iron fence outside the gate. Face the fence and cross the northwest corner. This is the best angle to see the North Wing Palace. It is also the Queen's private suite, and her home is here. The Queen's private suite is divided into two parts: one is her daily work area, including her reception hall and office. This room is the most recognizable from the outside, because only the windows are arched. The other part includes her private dining room, bedroom, bathroom and wardrobe. This closet is connected to a storage room on the third floor through internal stairs, and there are many toilets on that floor. The furniture in the palace is quite simple, and the queen and her husband are not too extravagant, at least in daily life. The furniture is not gilded, and there is no sign of a famous mahogany furniture manufacturer, just some very practical furniture. The only sign of the Queen's economic strength is the amazing brushwork of the oil paintings hanging on the wall of her residence.
These paintings not only have the signatures of European masters, but also often rotate from the famous paintings collected by the royal family. There are ten luxury suites in the west wing of the same floor not far from here. When receiving the distinguished guests, the Queen and members of the royal family went through a small corridor to the Queen's study, which is a small hall separated from the white living room by a wall. After a while, according to the queen's wishes, a servant turned on the machine. The guests in the white living room were surprised to find that the whole wall was suddenly hidden in the wallboard, and the queen and members of the royal family appeared in front of people instantly. In the past ten years, Buckingham Palace, the oldest and most luxurious part, has allowed tourists from all over the world to visit in summer.
Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey was built in an unknown age. However, as the church where the king was crowned, today's pattern was laid by the wise King Edward. St Edward died in 1066, and his brother-in-law king Harold succeeded him. Harold was killed in the Battle of Hastings in the same year, and William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England. This was the Norman conquest, so St. Edward was the first king buried here. All the kings of England have been crowned here since Harold.
Westminster Abbey is a typical Gothic building. Judging from the history of architectural art, there are not many particularly well-preserved relics outside Greece and Italy, such as Bath in Britain. It seems that you can't see the whole picture of the Roman baths from the photos of the ruins. The classic architectural style of medieval Europe is Gothic style, with narrow towers, windows and arches as the most prominent symbols. Apart from religious reasons, it was technically because people at that time could not build long-span arches to convert lateral forces into downward forces, so the houses were narrow and pointed, the walls were particularly thick, and the windows could not be opened. In addition, the side wall outside the wall is designed to support the lateral force.
Although it sounds stupid, the straight and narrow lines of the church made by this method are really beautiful. Notre Dame de Paris, Cologne Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are representative works of Gothic style in France, Germany and England. After Gothic, it was Renaissance style, characterized by simple lines and colonnades, followed by Baroque and Rococo styles. There are many Sir Christopher Ryan's buildings in London and Oxford, such as St Paul's Cathedral and Oxford New Theatre, all of which are baroque. Baroque and Locke have a low position in art history, especially in domestic art history criticism books, but I personally prefer Baroque style.
Then in 18 and 19 century, neoclassicism and neogothism became popular. Look at the architectural style of Westminster Abbey, which is quite similar to the Parliament Building across the street. In fact, the ages are quite different: Westminster Abbey is an authentic Gothic building, and Parliament Building is a Victorian Gothic revival building built in the19th century, which is roughly an antique building of that era. This is a fake antique. When you look at Westminster Abbey, you must know English history, otherwise you won't see anything famous: you enter the door with your left hand. The first chapel is Edward I of England, the long-legged old king in the movie Braveheart.
Historically, he was a great warrior, a conqueror of Wales and a hammer of Scotland. But he was not buried in chapple's space at all. His coffin was placed on the partition wall separating the church from the main passage. If you don't look for it on purpose, most people won't notice. Further inside, when entering Notre Dame de Paris, a wooden chair with three pointed backs was placed in the center of the door. It was made in Edward I of England, England. Its name is St. Edward's chair (referring to the earlier holy king), and all previous British kings were crowned on it. Next to the coronation chair lies another British warrior, King Edward III, who won the battle for clergy in the Hundred Years' War between Britain and France.
He is the child in Sophie Marceau's belly in the movie Braveheart, but he can't be Wallace's son. Mel gibson made it up. Wallace had been dead for eight years when Edward III was born. Windsor Castle, located in Windsor Town, 32km west of London, England, is one of the palaces of the British royal family. As early as 1 1 century, in order to prevent the British people from rebelling, William Ⅰ the Conqueror built nine large castles about 32 kilometers apart in the suburbs around London, forming a bunker line that could support each other. Windsor Castle, the largest of the nine castles, is located on a hill on the Thames. Built in 1070, it has a history of nearly a thousand years. 1 10, King Henry I of England held a pilgrimage ceremony here. Since then, Windsor Castle has officially become a venue for court activities. By the first half of the19th century, Windsor Castle had become a huge castle complex with many exquisite buildings after the continuous expansion of kings in previous dynasties. Windsor Castle covers an area of 7 hectares and is the largest inhabited castle building in the world at present. All the buildings are made of stone, with nearly a thousand rooms, surrounded by green lawns and dense forests.
The castle is divided into two parts: the east and the west. The Upper District to the east is the private residence of the royal family, including dining room, studio, ballroom, audience hall, living room, Waterloo hall, St. George's hall and so on. King and queen. It is famous for its collection of famous royal paintings and treasures. The Waterloo Hall was built to celebrate the victory of the Battle of Waterloo. In a spacious and tall rectangular hall, the walls are covered with portraits of British war warriors who made great achievements in the Battle of Waterloo, and a huge flower-shaped mercury chandelier is hung on the roof.
The Lower West Side refers to the entrance from the Thames to Windsor Castle, where there are two famous churches. St George's Church was built in 1475, located in the middle of West End of London, which was a popular Gothic vertical building at that time. Its architectural achievements are second only to Westminster Abbey in London. Many important events in British history took place here. British monarchs have been buried here since18th century.
In addition, there are many tombs of queens, princes and other members of the royal family. The inner hall of the church is where religious ceremonies are held. The winner of the Guardian Medal (marked as the Blue Velvet Guardian) hopes to go to all hail the king every year. German knights are the highest honor in Britain. Each guardian knight has a fixed seat in the hall, and each knight's armor, sabre and flag are hung on the wall behind the seat. Albert Church is located in the east of the West District. It was originally built as henry vii's graveyard, and later changed from Queen Victoria to the church where her husband Albert's body was laid. There is a monument to Prince Albert in the church. On the hill in the center of Windsor Castle stands a round tower built in12nd century, which is an ancient artillery base. There are ancient cannons on the city walls now. Later, George IV built a towering crown on it, making it the tallest building in the castle. Climb to the top of the tower and you can have a panoramic view of Windsor Town.
There is also a big round table in the castle. It is said that in the 5th century, King Arthur and his 12 knights of the Round Table had a meeting here. The famous playwright Shakespeare came to the castle at the invitation of Queen Elizabeth I and wrote a play "Merry Wives of Windsor". The northeast of Windsor Castle is Homer Park, and the south is Windsor Park, which contains forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes. Usually, Windsor Castle is open to the public. Whenever the queen comes, only the largest palace on the top of the mountain is left for her, and the rest are still allowed to visit. The London Eye is one of the biggest ferris wheels in the world. British Airways' London Eye can take you around more than 55 of the most famous sights in London in 30 minutes.
Ferris wheel has 32 closed air-conditioned cabins, which is the main symbol on the London horizon. Because the Ferris wheel was opened at the end of 1999, it is also called the Millennium wheel. It is 135 meters high and is located on the south bank of the Thames. Hampton Palace Hampton Palace is a palace in Richmond on the Thames, next to Bush Park. It is the oldest Tudor palace in Britain with a history of more than 500 years. Many English kings once lived in this palace. Since George III, the British royal family has lived in other palaces in London. Queen Victoria opened the palace to the public on 1838. Part of the palace was rented to veterans who made meritorious service. 1986, a fire broke out in one of the houses and destroyed part of the palace.
The reconstruction work continued until 1995. It is worth seeing the Tudor kitchen, the riverside garden with more than 25 hectares, the famous garden maze and the gorgeous room of Henry VIII. There are few tourists in Hampton Palace, so you can enjoy your leisure time and the service is good. There are activities such as explanations every hour. Many gentlemen and ladies dressed in Tudor court costumes act as tour guides. You can ask them questions, talk about court history and experience court life in Europe. Behind the house is a series of very wide formal English gardens. These big trees look like giant mushrooms. All the tree crowns and shrubs and flowers are carefully trimmed into geometric shapes, neat and meticulous, which has a sense of garden maze.
Tower Bridge London Tower Bridge is the first bridge at the mouth of the Thames in London, England (there are 15 bridges on the Thames). It is also a symbol of London and is called the main entrance of London. The bridge was built in 1886 and opened to the public on1June 30, 894, connecting the north and south of London into a whole. Tower Bridge in London is a suspension bridge, first a wooden bridge, then a stone bridge. Now it's a six-lane cement bridge.
The two bridges in the river are 7.6 meters high and 76 meters apart. There are two towering square main towers on the bridge foundation, namely granite and steel square five-story towers, which are more than 40 meters high. The two main towers have white marble roofs and five small minarets, which look like two crowns from a distance. The span between the two towers is more than 60 meters, and the tower foundation is connected with the two banks through cable suspension bridges. The bridge is divided into upper and lower floors.
The upper floor (about 42 meters above the high water level) is a wide suspended sidewalk with glass windows on both sides. Pedestrians can cross the bridge and enjoy the beautiful scenery on both sides of the Thames. The lower floor is accessible to vehicles. When the 10,000-ton ship crossed the Thames, the machines in the main tower started and the bridge slowly separated and closed. After the boat passed, the bridge body slowly fell and the traffic resumed. Two movable bridge decks, each weighing1000t. Looking at the tower bridge from a distance, the twin towers are magnificent. There are stairs up and down the tower, museums, exhibition halls, shops, bars and so on. From the tower, you can enjoy a ten-mile view of the Thames. If you meet the fog lock bridge, the landscape will be more unique.
The Mist Lock Tower Bridge is one of the best sights in London. You can see the British warship Belfast from the bridge or the river, and it stops on the river not far away. This is the most complete warship in Britain since World War II. Piccadilly Circus Piccadilly Circus is the entertainment center in Soho. It was designed by Nash in 18 19 to realize the Regent's dream of connecting Carlton Palace and Regent's Park. This bustling crossroads area is centered on the idol of love, and it was not changed until 19 built shaftesbury Road in the 1980s. 1893 When naked eros was placed in the square, it aroused the dissatisfaction of Victorian apologists, but the idol soon became a symbol of London.
The aluminum statue carved by Prince Albert is actually not a god of love, but a Christian angel of love. It commemorates the seventh Duke of shaftesbury, Anthony Aselli Cooper (180 1- 1885). He is a philanthropist and politician who works hard to improve the conditions of factory and coal miners, chimney cleaners and mental patients.
The importance of Piccadilly Circus lies in that it was the first place in London to set up luminous advertising signs in the 1990s, starting from 19, when Powell and Schwappe were promoting it. After that, more theaters came, one of which was the basement theater of eros. This theater and the restaurant on the ground are decorated with mosaics and tiles, which are worth seeing.