After a lapse of five years, the Commercial Banking Law has once again ushered in a comprehensive revision, and in the future, it will vigorously control the situation of excessive credit granting and excessive collection of credit cards.

Author | Zhang Haodong

Encyclopedia of production and payment

Recently, Payment Encyclopedia noticed that the People's Bank of China issued a notice for soliciting opinions on the Commercial Bank Law, which also indicates that the Commercial Bank Law is about to usher in the third major adjustment.

The revised draft mainly focuses on eight aspects, such as improving the classification of commercial banks, establishing classified access and differentiated supervision mechanisms, and improving risk disposal and market exit mechanisms, aiming at optimizing existing laws and regulations and making the commercial banking law more in line with the needs of the times.

The revision of the Commercial Banking Law involves a number of credit card-related amendments. As the main business of bank retail transformation, credit card will face stricter norms.

The contents of the notice show that before providing credit to customers, commercial banks should reasonably determine the credit line and interest rate according to customers' financial, credit and repayment ability, and must not provide credit that obviously exceeds customers' repayment ability.

In addition, for the post-loan collection link of commercial banks, it is mentioned in the revised proposal that in the process of collecting money from customers, commercial banks should not take a way that violates laws and regulations, violates public order and good customs, and must not harm the legitimate rights and interests of customers or third parties.

The Commercial Bank Law is the basic law that regulates a series of behaviors of China's commercial banks, such as market access, event change, business operation and market withdrawal. Since the implementation of 1995, it has played a certain role in restraining the growth of China's banking industry.

In order to promote the rapid development of China's commercial banks and encourage financial innovation, in May this year, Zhu, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Shenyang Branch of the People's Bank of China, put forward a proposal to amend the People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law. Now the revision of the Commercial Bank Law has accelerated the arrival of credit card reform.

The two revisions of the credit card are enough to reflect the non-compliance phenomenon of the current banking industry in carrying out credit card business. In recent years, with the rapid growth of card issuance, credit card competition has become increasingly fierce, and banks have begun to compete for credit lines in order to compete for users.

Some banks use the credit line of credit cards as a bargaining chip to attract users to apply for credit cards, and even many offline business promoters use the slogan of approving large credit cards every second. Although it is beneficial to complete the credit card task, this over-publicity method also makes a large number of unqualified users choose to apply for credit cards.

In the past, credit card processing requirements were high, and the risk control was extremely strict, only for qualified high-quality users. However, with the increase in the proportion of credit card business in bank retail financial business, more and more profits are created, but the threshold for handling is getting lower and lower.

Excessive credit can make banks get more income. The more credit card transactions, the more transaction costs banks can get. In the case of high credit limit, it is often difficult for cardholders to effectively control the credit limit, which has also become the direct reason why some cardholders are unable to repay their credit cards.

Previously, the Beijing Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau issued the "Regulatory Opinions on Strengthening the Risk Prevention and Control of Bank Cards" (referred to as "Opinions"), pointing out the outstanding risk problems faced by the current bank card business, such as the imprudence of credit card credit, and requiring banks to strengthen the risk prevention of bank card account opening, strictly manage credit card credit and strengthen the monitoring of bank card transactions.

Letting banks invest in huge credit card business has now become the hardest hit area of non-performing assets. Behind the outbreak of credit card business is the continuous credit line of banks, which directly leads to the high risk brought by high consumption. The non-performing rate of credit cards in some banks has exceeded 3 points, which is close to the highest level in history.

In order to control the overdue rate of credit cards, on the one hand, banks began to control the false transactions of cardholders by reducing the credit card quota, on the other hand, they also increased the collection of credit cards, and comprehensively sounded the alarm of credit card control through the combination of early overdue control and post-loan overdue collection.

However, in the process of collection, some banks also cooperate with outsourced third-party collection agencies. Even if the bank requires the collection agency to legally collect, it is difficult for the bank to effectively control the third-party collection agency in actual operation.

Third-party organizations will take the methods of door-to-door collection, company visits, intimidation of cardholders, and explosion of address books, which will have a negative impact on cardholders. Excessive urging of the hand has caused banking institutions to frequently face complaints. The analysis report of China inclusive finance Index released by the central bank shows that in 20 19, branches at all levels of the central bank received 63 130 complaints from financial consumers, up 86.64% year-on-year.

Banks collect cardholders by outsourcing third-party institutions, which has triggered a series of collection chaos. It can be seen from the amendment of the Commercial Bank Law that the rectification of credit cards has come, and the situation of excessive credit granting and excessive collection of credit cards may be terminated.

What if the credit card is fully reduced?

Whether the credit card has been reduced or not, the most important thing is to see why you have been reduced, and then take relevant remedial measures. Let's look at the main reasons for the decrease of bank credit cards. Since the second half of 20 18, the credit card risk control work of many banks has been significantly strengthened, and many netizens have been deducted points or even directly sealed because of irregular card use. Among many banks, Guangfa Bank and Ping An Bank. This has become the hardest hit area for losing envelope cards.

Thirty-seven new regulations of CBRC rectify the scale of credit card chaos.

[As of the third quarter of 20021,the number of credit cards and debit cards used was 798 million, up 0.97% from the previous quarter. ]

"It's great to repay the loan in installments", "It's easy to apply for installment, but difficult to cancel it", "It's easy to tie the card but difficult to untie it", "There are many credit cards in my name and I lost my job"? In recent years, while the credit card business has developed rapidly, it has also left market chaos such as random card issuance, arbitrary charges and indiscriminate use of cards.

12 16, the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the Notice on Further Promoting the Standardized and Healthy Development of Credit Card Business (Draft for Comment) (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), which put forward 37 governance requirements for charging interest fees, over-granting credit, sleep card and co-branded cards. Strictly rectify the chaos in the credit card market.

Clean up sleep card.

According to the latest payment data released by the central bank, as of the third quarter of 20021,the number of credit cards and debit cards used was 798 million, up 0.97% from the previous quarter.

In recent years, the credit card marketing firepower of major banks is fully open, but for a large number of card issuers, they are also facing increasing challenges from bad pressure. According to the data, as of the third quarter of 20021,the total outstanding credit of credit cards overdue for half a year reached 86.926 billion yuan, up 6.26% from the previous month, accounting for 1.04% of the credit card balance.

The China Banking Regulatory Commission pointed out that some banks have unscientific business philosophy, blindly pursuing scale effect and market share, and issuing cards indiscriminately and repeatedly is prominent, leading to disorderly competition and waste of resources.

"In the past, banks made great efforts to develop credit card business, taking the amount of cards issued as an important assessment index, which led to several results: First, it may lead to a large number of invalid cards and waste resources; Second, there may be potential risks, which will bring risks to banks or customers if they are used by criminals; In addition, a large number of card issuance may lead to a decline in customer access standards. Giving credit to some people who should not give credit or over-granting credit will increase the credit risk of banks. " Ceng Gang, deputy director of the National Finance and Development Laboratory, said.

The circular puts forward new regulations on card issuance management, limiting the proportion of sleep card, so as to urge to change the extensive development mode of credit cards. This also means that "scale is king" has become a thing of the past, and banks need to improve the old credit card business philosophy.

According to the Notice, banks are not allowed to directly or indirectly take the number of cards issued, the number of customers, market share or market ranking as a single or main assessment index. Strengthen the dynamic monitoring and management of sleep credit cards. Long-term sleep credit cards that have not been actively traded by customers for more than 65,438+08 months and have zero overdraft balance and overpayment in the current period shall not exceed 20% of the total amount of cards issued by the institution at any time, except for credit cards with additional policy functions. Banks exceeding this ratio are not allowed to issue new cards.

The First Financial Reporter learned from the heads of relevant departments of the China Banking Regulatory Commission that the regulatory authorities have conducted a thorough investigation on relevant institutions. At present, the situation of sleep card among banks is quite different, with an overall range of about 20% to 30%. "The proportion of 20% is only the starting point, not the end. I hope that after a period of declining governance pressure, banks can all fall to this index. In the future, the proportion limit standard for long-term sleep credit cards will be dynamically lowered, and the proportion of sleep card will continue to be reduced to a lower level. "

Dong Ximiao, chief researcher of Zhilian Finance, said that for commercial banks, the next step should be to conscientiously implement the spirit and requirements of the Notice and speed up the rectification of non-compliance behaviors. In particular, it is necessary to change the development model of credit card business, from simply pursuing scale and speed growth to professional and refined high-quality development.

Standardize the collection of interest and fees

Credit card charges have become the hardest hit by consumer complaints, including "automatic installment", "high annual fee" and "sky-high loss reporting fee". According to the data of CBRC, in the third quarter of 200212002, there were 44,374 complaints about credit card business, accounting for 50.8% of the total complaints.

There are many kinds of charges for credit card business, including service fee, annual fee, installment fee, interest and penalty interest. "The issue of charging has long been a concentrated topic in the field of credit card complaints. Among the many charging items, it is necessary for banks to comprehensively and clearly display and explain what kind of fees to charge and how much to charge. " Ceng Gang told reporters that many customers are not aware of these situations, so they may be overcharged or wrongly charged.

In terms of the collection of interest expenses and information disclosure, the Notice requires banks to strictly fulfill their risk disclosure obligations such as prompting or explaining the terms of interest, compound interest, expenses and liquidated damages when concluding credit card contracts with customers, and show the annualized interest rate level to customers in an obvious way. Except for cash withdrawal business, the total interest charged to customers who default or fail to repay within the time limit shall not exceed their corresponding principal.

For installment business, the Notice specifically requires banks to clearly display all interest items, annualized interest rate levels and interest rate calculation methods that may be generated by installment business on the first page of the installment business contract (agreement). When showing customers the use cost of funds collected by installment business, interest shall be used uniformly, and handling fees shall not be used, except as otherwise provided by laws and regulations. If the customer settles the credit card installment business in advance, the bank will charge interest according to the actual amount of funds occupied and the term.

Dong Ximiao believes that credit card quotas should be reasonably approved, multi-head credit granting should be minimized, and excessive credit granting should be strictly controlled. For example, the requirement of "rigid deduction" should be strictly implemented, and when granting credit lines to cardholders, the lines they have obtained in other banks must be deducted. At the same time, standardize the collection of credit card interest expenses, and fully and accurately disclose the interest expenses of credit cards and their installment business; Strengthen the access and management of foreign cooperation institutions, standardize credit card collection behavior, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of cardholders.

He also said that for cardholders, they must use credit cards rationally and be a "card god" instead of a "card slave". Usually, we should live within our means and consume reasonably. Never rob Peter to pay Paul by handling multiple credit cards. Credit card overdrafts must be repaid in time to avoid negative impact on credit records.

Beware of the bad taste of co-branded cards

In the current credit card market, co-branded cards are everywhere, and the co-branded card market covers aviation, catering, entertainment and other fields. Compared with ordinary credit cards, cardholders can get more privileges. The issuance of co-branded cards is in full swing, but at the same time, the problems behind its prosperity are also worrying.

"Some banks rely too much on external cooperative institutions to issue and receive cards, which breeds potential risks." Dong Ximiao said.

Ceng Gang also said that in the existing credit card business, from marketing services to post-loan collection, a large number of service providers are involved. These cooperations will help to improve the acceptance environment of credit cards, but they will also lead to some risks, such as the unclear legal relationship between partners and banks, whether the behavior of partners is standardized, whether there are unreasonable charges, whether customers are induced to borrow excessively and spend excessively, and so on.

Regarding the management of foreign cooperation, the Circular requires banks to formulate clear standards for the entry and exit of cooperative institutions and management approval procedures, and implement list management. The core business links of credit cards should be handled through the self-operated network platform to ensure the clear and accurate relationship between creditor's rights and debts. Set the concentration index of the bank's card issuance and credit balance through a single cooperative institution. The joint unit that issues the joint card shall be a non-financial institution that provides customers with the main business services, and the cooperation content is limited to the advertising of the joint unit and the rights and interests services related to its main business.

Ceng Gang believes that the Notice requires banks to strengthen the management of partners, and make corresponding regulations and arrangements from the access list to the legal relationship between partners and the fees charged to partners, which will help curb the main responsibility in the process of cooperation and better protect consumers' rights and interests.

"Previously, some institutions providing financial services combined two types of financial services and financial products into one credit product in the form of joint cards under the name and framework of joint cards, which caused problems for cardholders to accurately understand the relationship between creditor's rights and debts, creditor's rights subjects, interest and expense plans. Co-branded cards should return to their roots and provide cardholders with other non-financial rights and functions on the basis of credit cards. If you want to engage in other joint-name financial products, don't use the form of joint-name cards. " The reporter learned from the heads of relevant departments of the China Banking Regulatory Commission.

Yang Tao, director of the Industrial Finance Research Base of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that in the current ecological development of the credit card industry, there are still some shortcomings in the existing mechanisms and models, no matter from the card issuing end, acceptance end, interest and fee price, information protection, or coping with the digital impact and internationalization. Only by constantly improving standardization can we continuously optimize the "soil" of ecological construction and avoid all kinds of violations and gray-black phenomena.

Icbc credit card becomes the king of complaints

Banks can earn tens of billions a year by credit card business. How much of the huge profits are obtained by routine cardholders?

Author | Zhang Haodong

Encyclopedia of production and payment

The total amount of credit card issuance is increasing, and the number of credit cards per capita is also increasing. As the most valued retail business of banks, credit card business has to face the reality of repeated complaints.

0 1

ICBC has the most complaints about credit cards.

Not long ago, the Consumer Protection Bureau of China Banking Regulatory Commission released the 20021First Quarter Consumer Complaint Report. Credit card business is still the hardest hit area for complaints. Behind the increasing number of card issuance, the high number of complaints has become a potential hidden danger of credit card business.

According to the circular, in the first quarter of 200215, the total number of complaints related to credit card business was 423 15, which accounted for a high proportion in the banking complaints, accounting for 54.0% of the total complaints, and there were not a few banks plagued by credit card complaints.

Among the state-owned banks, ICBC ranks first among the large state-owned commercial banks in the number of complaints about credit card business, and it is also the king of complaints about credit card business, with 2,724 complaints about credit card, followed by Bank of Communications, ranking second, and the third to fifth are Agricultural Bank, China Construction Bank and China Bank respectively.

Among the joint-stock banks, China Merchants Bank, China CITIC Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank ranked the top three in the number of complaints about credit card business. The median number of complaints about China Merchants Bank's credit card business is 2,674, which is not far from that of ICBC.

Compared with before, the overall complaint volume of credit card business has a downward trend, but it is still at a high level. At a time when major banks are paying attention to the refined operation of credit cards, too many complaints will undoubtedly hinder the further promotion of bank credit card business.

Banks have always regarded credit card business as an important breakthrough in retail transformation. Both state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock banks have created considerable profits through credit card business, which is one of the reasons why banks continue to increase credit card business.

Today's credit card market presents a situation in which a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. ICBC, China Construction Bank, Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of Communications and China Merchants Bank each issued more than 1 100 million. However, with the rapid development of credit card business, it is also facing the problem of credit card complaints.

After the credit card business has gradually matured and stabilized, the credit card complaints caused by credit problems, interest charges, installment problems and collection problems have increased instead of decreased, and the credit card business complaints have become a mountain on the bank's head.

02

Frequent bank routine

Take ICBC as an example. ICBC claims to be the largest bank in the universe, and it is also ahead of other banks in the scale and quantity of credit card issuance, which is accompanied by the number of complaints about credit card business.

In addition to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission's statistics, on other complaint websites, ICBC has a high number of credit card complaints, and many complaints have not been resolved.

With the development of credit card business, banks often launch various marketing activities in the early stage of credit card marketing to enhance the competitiveness of credit card products and attract users to apply for their own bank credit cards.

When the cardholder opened the card and used it normally, the bank began to play tricks on the cardholder, and even tried to make money from the cardholder through routine, especially the credit card installment business of the bank, which was repeatedly included in the credit card business complaint list.

Many cardholders reported to Payment Encyclopedia that ICBC's credit cards were induced to be divided into stages, business personnel often over-marketed, and users were asked to divide into stages by phone every three to five times. The continuous division of telephone calls has seriously affected the experience of using credit cards.

In addition, ICBC's credit card is going through a painful period. According to the preparation of ICBC's annual performance in 2020, ICBC's credit card consumption in 2020 was 2.58 trillion yuan, a sharp year-on-year decrease of 19.9%. Under the impact of other banks' credit cards, ICBC's credit cards are no longer popular.

In joint-stock banks, Industrial Bank also has the phenomenon of illegal credit card installment. Not long ago, the Consumer Protection Bureau of the China Banking Regulatory Commission informed Societe Generale that in order to increase the income of credit card installment business, Societe Generale defaulted to check the initial amount of automatic installment, infringing on consumers' independent choice.

By the end of June 2020, the bank had issued a total of 45,400 "exclusive cards" with an initial amount of 3,000 yuan, involving installment income of 35,736,400 yuan, which violated the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Credit Card Business of Commercial Banks and other regulations.

It can be seen that even state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock banks will set up cards in order to increase the profits of credit card business, and the high number of complaints has become the most realistic reflection of bank credit card business.

How to prevent credit cards from being stolen?

First, in principle, credit cards should not be allowed to leave their sight, because credit card theft groups mainly use credit card equipment to steal information from magnetic cards. Although these devices can be made quite small now, criminals will think twice before they act under the gaze of cardholders.

Second: Call the bank as soon as possible after going abroad and change the card to a brand-new number. As we all know, the information in the magnetic card of a credit card is bound. Once a brand-new card is replaced, even if it is stolen, your card can't be stolen again. Therefore, even if banks charge some fees or deduct some points, it is meaningful to gain a sense of security and peace of mind.

Third, the three digits after the signature of the credit card will never be leaked, and will be stuck with self-adhesive when necessary. Because when opening or binding some online payment functions, the validity period, the name of the card owner and the small numbers on the back of the card are the most important materials for mutual verification, and the most private ones are the three numbers after signing, so we must pay attention to confidentiality.

Fourth, we must be careful when using and opening online payment. In principle, only a small number of credit cards are used to bind accounts. If there is only one card and the amount is large, you can also ask to lock the amount when you use it at ordinary times, and then call the bank to restore the amount when you need to use it in large amount. This cannot be explained too much. Nowadays, online payment has been the hardest hit area for stealing brushes, especially in this era when Trojan virus is everywhere. Caution is obviously not enough.

Fifth, try to give up using products that show identity, such as platinum cards and gold cards. According to the fat man survey, criminals are also very recognizable. Nine times out of ten, platinum cards were stolen, and the rest were gold cards. Fat people estimate that the information of off-line purchase of stolen brush groups is also priced according to quality, and platinum cards are obviously more attractive, so the risk of being stolen for ordinary cards will be much lower.

This is the end of the introduction of the credit card disaster area. I wonder if you have found the information you need?