On February 9th 12 A.D.12, Aisin Giorro Puyi, the last emperor in China's feudal history, stepped down from the throne, proclaiming the dream of a feudal dynasty in China for more than 2,000 years, and suddenly fell apart. According to the preferential treatment regulations, Puyi still lives in the Forbidden City. Puyi is different from any feudal emperor in China. He was educated by British teacher Johnston when he was young and influenced by western cultural ideas since childhood, so he always dreamed of studying abroad. In order to have enough money to realize his wish after leaving the palace, he thought of a large number of treasures, calligraphy and paintings collected in the palace. Thus, the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which experienced four dynasties in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, entered the palace four times and mysteriously disappeared again and again. This time, it began its mysterious and long journey.
Puyi, who left the throne of the emperor, used the imperial power to "reward" his younger brother Aisingiorro 73 from 165438 in 0922 to 16 in October and then to 1923+28 in October. In the name of Pu Jie, 65,438 scrolls of calligraphy and painting and 68 picture books were removed from the palace. These precious paintings and calligraphy works in China are priceless. Among them, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has as many as four volumes, including the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival imitated by Chou Ying in Ming Dynasty and Suzhou Film and Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival imitated by other painters in Ming Dynasty. In particular, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, painted by Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a rare masterpiece in the history of China fine arts, and it is also a treasure that the nobles of the imperial palaces scrambled to collect.
1925 On February 24th, the second day of the second lunar month, commonly known as "the dragon looks up", Puyi dressed up as a businessman and went to Bird in the French Concession in Tianjin under the surveillance of the Japanese. In the name of "rewarding" his brother Pu Jie, he moved a lot of treasures and calligraphy and paintings from the Forbidden City and secretly moved to Tianjin. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival accompanied Puyi in Tianjin.
1On March 8th, 932, under the control of the Japanese invaders, Puyi moved from Tianjin to Changchun with his family and a large number of treasures and calligraphy and painting, and became the emperor of the puppet Manchukuo. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival accompanied Puyi and stayed in Changchun for four months 13. The Jixi Building of the Puppet Manchurian Palace in Changchun witnessed the time Puyi and his family spent in Changchun. The name "Ji" was invented by Puyi himself, and the word "Ji" came from The Book of Songs? Daya？ King Wen: "King Wen, stop at Ji." However, Puyi believes that the word "Xi" in Ji is the same as that of Emperor Kangxi, and Puyi worships Emperor Kangxi's ability and strategy of governing the country. Therefore, the meaning of the word "Ji" is self-evident, and Puyi should inherit the ambition of the ancestor Kangxi to restore the great cause of Manchu. Because of this, it is not difficult to guess why Puyi likes The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival so much. Emperors and nobles of past dynasties scrambled to collect the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival, all of whom were fascinated by the fantastic prosperity and auspicious atmosphere in the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival.
1945, Yasuo Yamada, commander of the Japanese Kwantung Army, informed Puyi to move the capital to Tonghua. Puyi knew in his heart that the so-called moving the capital was actually an escape, and Puyi asked Yasuo Yamada to give him three days to pack his bags. In fact, what Puyi is most worried about is the treasures and calligraphy and paintings brought out from the Forbidden City in Beijing. /kloc-during 0/3 years, the riverside scene at Qingming Festival and a large number of treasures, calligraphy and painting have been sealed in the calligraphy and painting building behind the Changchun Pseudo Palace. Only Puyi and several cronies know the secret sealed in the painting and calligraphy building. Puyi and his personal entourage hurried into this mysterious "little white house". He selected some treasures from a large number of treasures and calligraphy and paintings and fled to Tonghua. The remaining treasures and calligraphy and paintings were looted by some guards. Among the four different versions of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which one was shot by Puyi? Which volume was lost among the people? People don't know ... Puyi fled to Dalizigou, a small mountain village at the foot of Changbai Mountain in Tonghua with some treasures, calligraphy and painting and his family. Puyi lived in Dalizigou for only three days, and then hurried to Shenyang, ready to flee from Shenyang to Japan. Puyi once again selected the treasures and calligraphy and paintings brought from Changchun Pseudo Palace, only selected a few treasures and calligraphy and paintings, and fled to Shenyang with his younger brother Pu Jie, two brothers-in-law, three nephews, a doctor and a squire, leaving most of his belongings and some treasures and calligraphy and paintings in Dalizigou. Some of these treasures and calligraphy and paintings abandoned in Dalizigou were carved up, some were burned and finally confiscated by the People's Liberation Army.
On August 9th, 1945, Puyi prepared to fly to Japan at Shenyang Airport. After the plane took off, Puyi was forced to land by the Soviet Red Army. Puyi and his entourage, as well as the treasures and calligraphy and paintings he carried with him, were intercepted by the Soviet Red Army. Puyi was sent to Chita, Soviet Union, and then transferred to Boli. Five years later, Puyi was sent back to China. Four different versions of Qingming Riverside Map.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/950, the culture department of the Northeast Bureau began to sort out the cultural heritage left after the liberation war. Mr. Yang, an expert in painting and calligraphy appraisal, is responsible for sorting out and appraising a large number of paintings and calligraphy collected from all parties, some of which are well preserved; Some paintings and calligraphy works were damaged. When Mr. Yang opened a broken scroll, he was suddenly shocked. This long scroll is antique beige. The method of depicting characters and street scenes in paintings embodies a unique and ancient painting method. Mr. Yang made a careful study and detailed textual research on this volume. This long scroll is magnificent, with exquisite brushwork and lifelike characters and scenery. Although there is no author's signature and painting name, there are rich inscriptions by celebrities in past dynasties. Especially after the picture scroll, there is a clear record in the inscription and postscript of Zhang Zhu in the Jin Dynasty: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan, a native of Wu Dong, studied in the capital since childhood, and then studied painting. He especially likes the National Bridge in Che Zhou, and he is married. According to Xiang Yun's "Comment on the Map", "West Lake for the Map" and "Riverside Map on Qingming Festival", the day after Qingming Festival is set. " Is this a rare product collected by the court nobles in the past dynasties-The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty?
Mr. Yang published this picture scroll in The Rise and Fall of National Treasure compiled by Northeast Museum, which immediately attracted great attention from experts and scholars at home and abroad. Mr. Zheng Zhenduo, then director of National Cultural Heritage Administration, handed this picture to Beijing. After further research and identification by experts and scholars, it is confirmed that this picture scroll is a thousand-year-old masterpiece-"Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" and "Treasure of Shiqu 3rd Edition". The rare national treasure lost for many years has finally entered the Palace Museum in Beijing again.
In the history of painting, there are many paintings called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts have studied this topic, everyone's opinions are basically the same. They all think that this painting in the Palace Museum in Beijing is an original of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name were later copied or imitated by Zhang Zeduan.
At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll collected by the Palace Museum in Beijing. According to an inscription by Zhang Zhu of Jin Dynasty in the postscript after the picture, it is confirmed that its author is Zhang Zeduan. Zhang Zhu's inscription has only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong). When I was a child, I studied in Beijing, and later I learned to paint. I am a painter, and I am particularly interested in cruise ships, bridges, Guo Jing and other families. " However, there is no Zhang Zeduan's name in the book Xuan He Hua Pu written at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is speculated that he may have entered the painting academy late and the editor had no time to compile it into the book.
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