Generally, it is not advisable to hang paintings at home for too long, because every painting and calligraphy has a life span. Generally, it will be taken down to dry for two or three months, and then put away, with a longer life. Even the framed paintings and calligraphy should not be hung for a long time, because moisture will still invade the paintings and calligraphy. A calligraphy and painting, whether it is a picture frame or a hanging shaft, will be moldy in five or six years at most. If it is invaded by moisture, it will soon be moldy for two or three years, which is difficult to remedy. Here are some ways to maintain calligraphy and painting.
Newspapers are the best for moisture and insects.
The newspaper itself has the function of moisture absorption, and its ink can kill two birds with one stone. An expert once talked about a past event: "In those days, we co-organized the Ming and Qing painting and calligraphy exhibition with the Shanghai Museum. After the exhibition, the paintings and calligraphy in Shanghai Museum were eaten by insects. At that time, people joked that insects bullied foreign paintings and calligraphy. Later, it was discovered that the paintings and calligraphy wrapped in newspapers were not moth-eaten, and those without newspapers were moth-eaten. "
However, in the process of wrapping paintings and calligraphy with newspapers, there are some details worthy of attention. Conditional collectors can spread out paintings and calligraphy in the cupboard, and each painting is covered with a piece of rice paper first, then a newspaper and piled up in turn. Unconditional collectors can scroll paintings and calligraphy. When rolled up, they are afraid that the lead powder in the newspaper will change color and pollute the picture. They can wrap a layer of paintings in rice paper first, and then wrap newspapers. Or find a wooden stick as the axis. It's best to treat the stick like it is not easy to get insects, so that there will be no creases when it is rolled up.
For famous works, it is particularly important that the collection cannot be creased. If the picture is creased and black marks are formed after a long time, it will be impossible to restore the smoothness and perfection of the picture. In serious cases, it may need bleaching, which will greatly reduce the collection value of the collection.
Keep paintings and calligraphy in the museum, pay attention to using white gloves and masks to avoid leaving traces on paintings and calligraphy, which can also be used as a reference for ordinary family collectors. You can wear a mask, but it is best not to talk, so as not to spit and stain the work.
Moisture-proof air conditioners can also be used.
On a warm, humid and foggy rainy day, a museum expert visited several exhibition halls as usual and found some works that had been on display for a while, with both sides of the surface curled inward and some surfaces wrinkled. Looking at the hygrometer, it turns out that the humidity has reached 60% of the critical point of painting and calligraphy maintenance, indicating that the works are affected by humidity. According to reports, the most effective way to keep the painting and calligraphy in the exhibition hall at constant temperature and humidity is to turn on the air conditioner. The temperature should not be higher than 22℃ or lower than 18℃, and 20℃ is the most suitable. The most moderate humidity is 55%, the highest is not more than 60%, and the lowest is not less than 50%.
For ordinary collectors, the condition of constant temperature and humidity is unlikely, but it can be adjusted by air conditioning. When hanging pictures indoors, you should pay attention to closing the doors and windows, and turn on the air conditioner for dehumidification once or twice a day, each time for about two hours.
There is a knack for sealing calligraphy and painting in camphor wood boxes.
Many collectors will use boxes to seal paintings and calligraphy works, which is a common method of painting and calligraphy collection. Generally, art galleries and museums have conditions of constant temperature and humidity, and they are generally kept in iron cabinets. General families suggest using wooden boxes, such as wardrobes and cupboards, and camphor wood boxes can be used for more expensive paintings and calligraphy. If there is no camphor wood box, collectors can also use ordinary wooden cabinets with camphor balls inside to prevent insects. The trick is to wrap the mothballs in a bag, and then puncture the holes with a needle to give off the smell of camphor. Put the box of calligraphy and painting as high as possible, and some newspapers can be spread on the top of the cabinet.
How to preserve the collected calligraphy and painting
Calligraphy and painting is one of the most important categories in the collection. The calligraphy and paintings collected by national museums, libraries and archives are managed by special personnel, and the preservation conditions are relatively good. Systematic and scientific protection of them is a subject that is being studied extensively and deeply, so I won't go into details here. And how to save personal collections of calligraphy and painting? Below, from the perspective of cultural relics protection, I put forward some common sense about calligraphy and painting protection for the reference of friends in Tibetan areas.
Calligraphy and painting socks are exquisite works of art and must be hung or displayed for a certain period of time. It is not advisable to hide it at the bottom of the box, because people can't know the potential changes of calligraphy and painting in time, and it is too late to find the problem. Therefore, the mounted calligraphy and painting should be hung at intervals. Pay attention to timely dust removal during the exhibition, because the environmental pollution is more serious now.
Light is the natural factor that has the greatest influence on painting, especially ultraviolet rays, which can transform and decompose the picture pigments and lead to changes in paper. Ultraviolet rays mainly come from sunlight, and incandescent bulbs and fluorescent tubes also emit a small amount of ultraviolet rays. Therefore, when hanging pictures, you should not be close to the window to avoid direct sunlight on the picture. Light bulbs or fluorescent lamps emit 400-700nm (nanometer) visible light, which has little effect, but long-term close-range irradiation will also make calligraphy and painting paper yellow. Therefore, in the layout of the house, we should keep the distance between light bulbs, fluorescent lamps and calligraphy and painting above 1 m. And choose a low-power light source.
After hanging and spreading for a period of time, except for dust removal according to the above method. Also observe whether the surface has changed. If there is mildew or moth-eaten, it should be sent to the cultural relics protection technical department for scientific protection. When rolling calligraphy and painting, loosen it first and then tighten it, then loosen it and then roll it, and then slowly turn the shaft head to tighten the picture scroll. Then tie it with picture tape, and the weight must be moderate. Too loose makes the picture loose and easy to fold. Too tight will leave a hard mark in the middle of the picture scroll, which will affect the overall beauty of the picture.
Hanging calligraphy and painting to make it work, the paper has to bear the drooping tensile stress and tension, which weakens the strength of the paper; Rolling makes calligraphy and painting in a rest state, and the pressure and tension are greatly reduced. Generally speaking, the exhibition time should not be too long. It can be exhibited twice a year 1 to 2 months each time.
In order to make calligraphy and painting forever "youthful", there are strict requirements for the storage environment. The first is insect prevention, mildew prevention and fire prevention. Secondly, control and adjust the temperature and humidity.
Catfish (also known as clothing fish and paper fish) are wingless insects, which generally eat the surface of calligraphy and painting, especially harmful to paste. The larvae of Bemisia tabaci do great harm to painting and calligraphy. They like to make holes in painting and calligraphy and hide themselves in the holes at the same time. Generally speaking, insect repellent is used for painting and calligraphy to prevent insects. Health balls, mothballs, p-dichlorobenzene and other commonly used drugs are white solids, which are volatile. Among them, the ability to kill benzene dichloride is the strongest, but people are often influenced by habits, and the most commonly used is still commercial sanitary balls.
For the storage environment, the painting and calligraphy cabinet or painting and calligraphy box should be sealed. Make the preservation environment relatively stable. Yangjiang lacquer suitcase is commonly used by the people. It is made of Chinese fir, covered with paper inside and outside, and painted with black wood paint to avoid light and moisture. Good sealing performance. At present, safe and other appliances with good sealing performance are used wherever conditions permit. But no matter what kind of cabinet is used, calligraphy and painting should be put in the air, that is, things like wooden strips should be used to carry the air, and a certain space should be left below to put desiccant (color-changing silica gel or calcium dichloride), insect repellent (sanitary balls, mothballs and p-dichlorobenzene) and mildew inhibitor, and then calligraphy and painting should be put on the wooden strips. For safety reasons, these reagents should be wrapped in cloth or paper with good air permeability. If you want to carry calligraphy and painting, don't carry the cabinet directly, but open it. Take out the medicine, then put the calligraphy and painting in it and put it in a fixed place, so that the calligraphy and painting will not touch each other in the box. When you arrive at a new place, put the protective medicine back and seal it for protection.
According to a large number of experiments, the most suitable storage temperature of calligraphy and painting is 14℃- 18℃, and the most suitable relative humidity is 50%-60%, which is not conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and molds. To control humidity, mainly use desiccant to change color silica gel or anhydrous calcium chloride. If the temperature is controlled, the indoor temperature can be adjusted by air conditioning.
China Painting and Calligraphy Collection: How to Better Balance Fun and Reward?
With the development of China's economy and the arrival of the era of cultural consumption, there are more and more collectors in China. For collectors of paintings and calligraphy, how to collect paintings and calligraphy in order to better balance the fun and economic returns of collection?
I like painting and calligraphy collection.
If you just want to make a profit by collecting paintings and calligraphy, then I suggest you give up this idea as soon as possible to avoid huge economic losses. Because no matter what kind of investment, if investors want to improve the probability of winning, they must study more, think more, study more and analyze more. This is a hidden investment cost that is easily overlooked. If you like painting and calligraphy, it should be a pleasure for you to spend a lot of time appreciating and studying painting and calligraphy. If you are not interested, it will be a painful process with high cost and poor effect. Therefore, for collectors, we should not only pay attention to the economic return of collection, but also pay attention to the fun of collection, in order to truly realize happy collection and get unexpected gains from time to time.
Collection can bring both economic benefits and spiritual enjoyment. In a sense, this is an important feature that distinguishes collection investment from securities investment and real estate investment, and it is also an important reason why people are keen on collection. As Ma Weidou, director of Guanfu Museum of Classical Art, said: "Collection itself is the process of wealth accumulation." For collectors, the accidental return brought by focusing on the collection itself is much higher than the expected return brought by focusing on the investment itself in many cases.
Pay attention to characteristics and choose fine products.
Lei Bai, director of Xiamen University Art Museum, once said a classic sentence: "Ten advantages are not as good as one feature." This sentence is very important to collectors. Because the key to the collection of paintings and calligraphy lies in choosing excellent painters and calligraphers first. If a painting and calligraphy has no characteristics, lacks individuality and unclear style, it will be difficult to reflect the typical artistic style of the painter and attract the extensive attention of the art world and collectors.
Of course, collectors should pay special attention to two points on the issue of "selecting people": one is the relationship between advantages and characteristics, and the other is the relationship between fame and strength. Although we admit, "ten advantages are not as good as one feature." But this does not mean that a painting and calligraphy work with only characteristics and no advantages is a good work. In fact, advantages are the basis of characteristics. Paintings and calligraphy with no advantages but only characteristics are just like "water without source, wood without roots", and they also lack collection value! In the art market, those "poor mountains, rotten water, ruined flowers, ugly trees, dangerous houses and stupid people" created to attract attention are particularly worthy of vigilance! Because such works often make people shine, but after a year or so, there is no trace in the market. Because it only has characteristics and lacks the advantages of calligraphy and painting, it is difficult to stand the test of the market!
In addition, the relationship between the painter's fame and strength is also an important issue that needs attention. The problem is that fame is actually a dynamic and subtle variable for most painters whose artistic level has not yet been finalized. When collectors choose a painter and his paintings and calligraphy works, they must first clearly judge whether the painter is worthy of the name. On this basis, choose the representative works.
Xu Lele's collection of paintings by unknown painters.
What kind of paintings do painters hide themselves in? 18, 15, the answer can be found in the "Zhuzi 20 12 Painting Exhibition of Xiao Ping, Jiang Hongwei and Xu Lele" held in Zhuzi Art Museum at Jiangdong North Road1. Xiaoping's Tibetan paintings involve ancient and modern Chinese and foreign countries, which can be called a hundred rivers; There are many painters' works hidden around Jiang Hongwei, which is similar; Xu Lele's collection shows her strong preference, and many of them are anonymous works, which are only hidden because they are "well painted".
Xu Lele: Pure love has nothing to do with appreciation.
When talking about collecting the works of anonymous painters, Xu Lele said with a smile, "Then I also collect scrapbooks. As long as the painting is good, I will hide. " . Most of her paintings are exquisite and beautiful, which shows the similarities with her own artistic creation. Most of these paintings were bought from the auction. "Look at the auction catalogue first, as long as the paintings are fine and good, regardless of authenticity and dynasty, the price is not too expensive." However, she also bought expensive paintings: a few years ago, I met Yao Yuan's paintings at an auction and spent more than 200,000 yuan. She bought them without frowning. "I really like them." "How detailed the painting is, the small bamboo sticks on the boat are clear. I took a magnifying glass, looked at the auction catalogue and decided to buy it back anyway. "
Regarding the collection standards, she said frankly: First, it is well painted, no matter what theme; Second, the painting is average, but useful. What do you mean useful? For example, the shape of this tree is very interesting, and this prop can be borrowed. Among the anonymous paintings on display at the scene, there is an image of a boy. Is there any reference for the boy you drew? "That boy has a poor shape and can't be used, but the props inside are good." Her collection is purely out of love, "there is no possibility of appreciation at all." On second thought, she smiled again: "There are also people who appreciate it. Many years ago, I bought a set of official script picture books from Lin Sanzhi, because I like it, and now it has added a lot of value.
Jiang Hongwei: I like paintings with my own aesthetic vision.
Su Tianci's oil paintings, Tian Liming's Chinese paintings, Guan Liang's opera paintings, Xu Lele's figure paintings ... The works of Jiang Hongwei, a famous meticulous flower and bird painter, look quite complicated. I collect paintings out of my own knowledge. As long as I think the painting is good, no matter what it is, no matter how old the painter is, I will accept it.
So, what is a good painting? "Painting is creative and has its own aesthetic vision, especially for modern people with a keen sense of art," said Jiang Hongwei. It was a coincidence that he didn't have time to go out for auction, so he bought suitable things in exhibitions and galleries. Guan Liang's album on display was auctioned by friends for more than 30,000 yuan at the price of 1999. When I heard that Guanliang's market was not good, I wanted to sell it. Jiang Hongwei bought it immediately and spent 50,000 yuan. "From my point of view of painting, Guan Liang's paintings are definitely worth collecting." In retrospect, this 50,000 yuan was well spent. Now, he is still buying the works of young painters. "Maybe they haven't been noticed yet, but I will buy them when I see good ones."
Xiaoping: The significance of collection lies in research.
Surprisingly, many of the Tibetan paintings taken out by Xiao Ping, a famous connoisseur and painter, are Russian oil paintings. Xiaoping admitted that he had always been interested in oil painting. "Our generation is deeply influenced by Russian art. Movies and literature of the former Soviet Union, including oil paintings, have been with us since our youth." . After seeing a group of Russian people's artists and meritorious artists' works in galleries in Taiwan Province Province, Xiaoping bought them without hesitation. "I know most of these authors, and their works are very expressive. When I look at these works, I always have a strong sense of intimacy. "
Of course, most of Xiao Ping's collections are Chinese paintings, including paintings by heavyweights such as Zhang Daqian and works by celebrities such as Song Meiling. Many of them are for research purposes: for example, he once collected a new painting with the same style as Gong Xian, but it was "near Yang" and Yang studied under Gong Xian in Dong Qichang. But when Gong Xian was born, Yang had a successful career and was busy with official business. Deng Xiaoping boldly inferred from the painting that Gong Xian was made for Yang. When this theory came out, it attracted much attention. This process is what Xiaoping is most interested in: "The significance of collection lies in research. On the one hand, it is to appreciate and supplement the spiritual life. On the other hand, it can also learn from painting techniques, study the history of painting and study the relationship between people. This process is very interesting. " This exhibition will last until the end of the month. Feng
How to identify Gu Shuhua?
Shenzhen Special Zone News (Reporter Liao Wen/photo) Yesterday afternoon, Shan, director and researcher of the Painting and Calligraphy Research Department of Shanghai Museum, and Dan Guoqiang, former president and researcher of the Palace Museum, held a "China Appreciation Lecture" at the Art Museum. Two experts suggested that to distinguish the authenticity of a painting and calligraphy, we should start with the style, inscription, seal, material and mounting of the work.
Dan Guoqiang explained the oil painting "Yuan Sijia" collected by Zheng Zhi Art Museum on the spot.
Dan Guoqiang pointed out that inscriptions and postscript, including the artist's name, font size, year, poetry, calligraphy style and even painting place, can be used as factors to judge the authenticity of calligraphy and painting. In addition, if there is an inscription on the painting by the author at the same time, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between him and the author. Dan Guolin elaborated from the angle of seal. He believes that due to the development of technology, it is easier and more common to forge seals in modern times. Therefore, the seal can be used as an auxiliary basis to judge the authenticity of calligraphy and painting, but it is not a decisive factor. The authenticity of the seal can be compared with relevant reference books. In addition, Dan Guoqiang also explained how to identify calligraphy and painting by its materials including paper, silk, silk and mounting.
Then, according to these appraisal principles, the two experts interpreted the works of Huang, Wang Meng, Ni Zan and Zhenwu collected by Zheng Zhi Art Museum.
How to collect with less investment?
Now there is such a special team in the collection field, some working-class people and students. They are not rich economically, but they really like collecting. What do we do? In fact, we can collect it with little investment, which requires you to master some methods and skills. For example, collecting monkey tickets and old Huangshan stamps is stamp collecting, but collecting ordinary tickets is not stamp collecting. This idea is definitely wrong. A Tibetan friend's blog mentioned that the collection method of 100 yuan 100 notes is also an important part of the collection activities as long as you can gain knowledge from it and feel the joy of collecting. I don't quite agree that this way is defined as grassroots collection just because it collects low-value banknotes. Compared with collecting antique calligraphy and painting, jewelry and jade, isn't paper money collection a grassroots collection? The value of collection is different, but there is no difference between persistence and enthusiasm for collection! Therefore, Tibetan friends who collect high-value banknotes should not be complacent, and Tibetan friends who collect low-value banknotes should not be arrogant just because of low-value banknotes! Mood accomplishment and knowledge level are the criteria for judging the level of Tibetan friends, not the value of the collection!
So, how to collect it without too much investment?
First, the total control.
It must be important to spend a little money on big things. There are many ways to save the collection, among which the most important point is to control the total amount, that is, "range control". In the process of contacting new Tibetan friends, I found that new Tibetan friends are always full of passion and dreams, and all the money from all corners of the country wants to be held in my arms. This collection method will certainly consume too much energy and financial resources, and it will not be sustainable for a long time.
The key of general control is to compress one's preferences within a reasonable range as much as possible, so as to be executable and realizable. For example, the scope of my collection is strictly controlled within 26 countries, and the outside is almost ignored. Although this practice gives up some good notes, my energy and financial resources are more concentrated, and it is much easier and faster to achieve the stage goal. Even in more than 20 countries, it is not achieved overnight, but the target countries are subdivided by regions and implemented in stages, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of dispersing pressure and reducing concentrated investment.
Second, the face value selection and the number of sheets control
I have been collecting on a small scale, and I have to make some trade-offs. For the high-value coins that have a direct impact on my life, I have to abandon them directly, and the number of sheets is also controlled to a certain extent, so that I can achieve success and happiness as long as I complete the set goals. The above methods vary from person to person. In short, the choice of face value and the control of the number of sheets are also part of "saving".
Third, how do newcomers "low input and high output"
(1) Start with the familiar.
I have always advocated collecting euro zone banknotes, but newcomers don't need to start from this aspect. After all, the price of euro zone paper money is relatively high, and it is not conducive to future collection because it is too involved in the primary stage of sensibility. I think it's better to start with low-value banknotes in Asia, especially in neighboring countries and regions, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Japan, Thailand and so on. The printing quality of low-value banknotes in these countries is relatively high and the premium is relatively low. A few tens of dollars can collect a small set of banknotes. From the preliminary understanding of banknotes in these countries and regions, we can further determine the future collection direction. Even if you want to quit soon, you won't lose too much and it's relatively easy to sell.
I think as a newcomer, you can buy hundreds of varieties, but you can only buy them once at most. Most of these banknotes are of poor printing quality, with only appreciation value and no research value. They can only be regarded as the first experience. These varieties must not participate too much, otherwise the collection itself will be suspected after a long time.
(2) Starting from "hard currency"
"Hard currency" has a large circulation and stock, and its price is similar to the exchange rate. If it is a low face value, the cost is not too much, and you can also feel the joy brought by high-quality banknotes. For example, the 84th edition 1000 yen can not only feel the exquisiteness of carving, but also watch the effect of "the world's first watermark" at a low value, and then find out the differences and grades through the comparison of banknotes from different countries, so as to feel the pleasure of collecting. As for the expensive 5000 yen and 10000 yen, you might as well give it up!
For hard currency in circulation, it is not recommended to collect it too early. With the long-term upward trend of RMB exchange rate unchanged, even if these varieties are purchased at the exchange rate, they are constantly depreciating. In addition, whether it can be sold is also a problem. So you can still collect some low-value ones and enjoy them. Let's talk about high-value ones when changing editions!
The most taboo of collecting is blindness. To determine the goal, we must go forward bravely, learn to have a proper rest, sum up experience during the rest, sort out our thoughts and think about the next collection method. This not only saves limited financial resources, but also accumulates more strength.