Official seal: official seal. The official seals of past dynasties have their own systems, not only with different names, but also with different shapes, sizes, seals and buttons. The seal is issued by the royal family, representing power, used to distinguish official ranks and show the rank of knight. The official seal is generally larger than the private seal, cautious and steady, relatively square, with a nose button.
Private seal: the general name of seals other than official seals. Private printing system is complex, which can be divided into many categories from the aspects of word meaning, text arrangement, production method, printing materials and composition form.
1. From the semantic point of view, there are:
Name number printing: the name, table or number of the person engraved with the image. If there is one more Chinese name, print its three words, and if there is no "print", print it. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhu Wen has been regarded as the positive case, and some people have added the word "teacher" to their surnames. Modern people also have pen names, which also belong to this category.
The official seal of Zhai: The ancients often named their rooms and study rooms, which were often used as seals. Don Li Qin has a seal of "End Room", which is probably the earliest seal of this kind.
Book seal: the name of the seal is followed by "notice", "white matter" and "statement". Today, there are those who "bid farewell", "sincerely seal" and "nod". This kind of seal is specially used for exchanging books and letters.
Collection and appreciation seal: this seal is mostly used to cover the cultural relics of calligraphy and painting. Prosperous in the Tang Dynasty, better than in the Song Dynasty. Zhenguan written by Emperor Taizong, Kaiyuan written by Xuanzong and Xuanhe written by Song Huizong are all used for painting and calligraphy. The words "collection", "collection", "collection of books", "collection of paintings", "rare play", "secret play" and "books" are added to the collection stamps. Appreciation has added words such as appreciation, appreciation, appreciation, appreciation, appreciation, take a look and eyes. The words "modify", "examination", "assessment" and "appraisal" are added to the revised seal.
Auspicious seal: printed words engraved with auspicious words. Such as "Italy", "daily profit", "Universiade", "Changle", "long fortune", "suitable for future generations", "healthy longevity", "Yong 'an" and "gaining a thousand stones every day" all belong to this category. There was a small seal in the Qin Dynasty. In addition to the disease, Yongkang Hugh, Wan Shouning. " Some people attach auspicious words to their names, which is more common in double-sided printing in Han Dynasty.
Cheng Yuxi: It belongs to the leisure chapter and so on. The seal is engraved with idioms, poems, or complaining about others, romance and Buddhism, which are generally printed on calligraphy and painting. Cheng Yuxi prevailed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. It's hilarious to say that Jia Sidao has "sages before being happy", that the writer has "Zhao Xiyu's family" and that Wen Peng has "stolen my old Peng", all of which are Chinese in Li Sao. Idioms entered India from the printing of Qin, Han and Ji languages. As a temporary game, it should be meaningful, elegant and not fabricated.
Small seal: also known as "pictographic seal" and "graphic seal", it is the general term for seals engraved with patterns. In ancient times, Xiao Zhuan was generally engraved with figures and animals, and the materials were diverse, including dragons, phoenixes, tigers, dogs, horses, fish and birds, and Jane won. Most of Xiao's seal scripts are sketched, some are pure drawings, and some are added with words. In the seal of China, the dragon and tiger or "four spirits" (dragon, white tiger, suzaku and Xuanwu) are attached to the name.
Seal: Also known as "Flower Seal", it is a symbol of engraving flowers and writing names, and it is difficult to imitate it, because it is a proof of winning trust. This kind of seal, which began in the Song Dynasty, generally has no outer frame. In the Yuan Dynasty, rectangles prevailed, with surnames engraved on them and Ba Si Ba Wen or Hua Fu engraved on them, also known as Heyuan Stamp.
2. From the point of text arrangement, there are:
White printing, vermilion printing, vermilion alternating printing, palindrome printing
3. From the production method, there are:
Casting printing, engraving printing, cutting printing and jet printing.
4. According to the printed materials, there are:
Gold seal, jade seal, silver seal, copper seal, iron seal, ivory seal, rhinoceros horn seal, crystal seal, lithograph seal, etc. Today, there are wood seals, plastic seals and plexiglass seals.
5. From the form of composition, there are:
Single-sided printing, double-sided printing, six-sided printing, master printing and overprinting