Introduction: Sir isaac newton is the greatest and most influential scientist in human history. He is also a physicist, mathematician and philosopher. In his later years, he was addicted to alchemy and theology. In his immortal book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy published on July 5, 1687, he expounded the most basic laws in the universe-the law of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion by mathematical methods. These four laws constitute a unified system, which is regarded as "the greatest achievement in the history of human wisdom", thus laying the scientific viewpoint in the physics field in the next three centuries and becoming the foundation of modern engineering. Newton established the banner of "rationalism" for mankind and opened the door to the industrial revolution. Newton was buried in Westminster Abbey after his death and became the first scientist to sleep here.

Works: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Optics, Binomial Theorem and Calculus

Famous sayings: "If I see farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants."

"Enthusiasm without knowledge is like an expedition in the dark."

"You should regard reputation as the symbol of your highest personality."

"I can calculate the orbit of celestial bodies, but I can't calculate the greed of human nature."

Life: On January 4th, 1643, isaac newton was born in Woolsop Manor, a backward village in Lincolnshire, England. From about the age of five, Newton was sent to public schools. Newton was not a child prodigy when he was a teenager. His qualifications were average and his grades were average, but he liked reading books, reading books that introduced various simple mechanical model making methods, and was inspired by them to make some strange gadgets by himself, such as windmills, wooden clocks, folding lanterns and so on. Later, forced by life, his mother asked Newton to stop school and farm at home to support his family. But Newton buried a book whenever he had the chance, so that he often forgot to work. Every time, when his mother told him to go to the market with the servant and get familiar with the business of trading, he begged the servant to go shopping alone, while he hid behind the trees and read a book. Once, Newton's uncle became suspicious and followed Newton to the listed town. He found his nephew sprawled on the grass, absorbed in a math problem. Newton's studious spirit touched his uncle, so he persuaded his mother to let Newton go back to school and encouraged him to go to college. Newton went back to school, devouring the nutrition from books. From the age of 12 to the age of 17, Newton studied in King's Middle School, and his signature can be seen on the window sill of the school library. He dropped out of school and returned to Elshorpe village in October 1659 because his widowed mother wanted Newton to be a farmer. Although Newton obeyed his mother's wishes, according to Newton's peers, farming made Newton quite unhappy. Fortunately, Henry Stokes, the headmaster of King's Middle School, persuaded Newton's mother, and Newton was sent back to school to finish his studies. He finished his middle school studies at the age of 18 and got a perfect graduation report. In June 1661, he entered Trinity College of Cambridge University. At that time, the teaching of the college was based on Aristotle's theory, but Newton preferred to read some more advanced ideas of modern philosophers such as Descartes and astronomers such as Galileo, Copernicus and Kepler. In 1665, he discovered the generalized binomial theorem and began to develop a new set of mathematical theories, which became known to the world as calculus. In 1665, Newton got his degree, and the university was closed to prevent the Great Plague in London. In the next two years, Newton continued to study calculus, optics and the law of gravity at home.

Due to the limitation of the times, Newton was basically a metaphysical mechanical materialist. He thinks that movement is only the movement of mechanical mechanics, and it is the change of spatial position; The universe, like the sun, has not developed and changed; Thanks to gravity

With the improvement of scientific reputation, Newton's political status has also been improved. In 1689, he was elected as a university representative in Congress. As a congressman, Newton gradually began to alienate the science that brought him great achievements. From time to time, he expressed his disgust at the field represented by him. At the same time, he spent a lot of time arguing with famous contemporary scientists such as Hooke and Leibniz about the priority of science.

Newton lived a magnificent life in London in his later years. In 175, he was made an aristocrat by Queen Anne. Newton was very rich at this time and was generally regarded as the greatest living scientist. He served as the president of the Royal Society of England. During his twenty-four years in office, he ruled the Society with an iron fist. No one can be elected without his consent.

In his later years, Newton began to devote himself to the study of theology. He denied the guiding role of philosophy, sincerely believed in God, and buried himself in writing works on theology. When he encountered the inexplicable celestial movement, he put forward the theory of "the first driving force of God". He said, "God rules all things, and we are his servants, so we fear and worship him.".