1. Chemical composition: Organic substances are compounds composed of elements such as carbon (c), hydrogen (h), oxygen (o), nitrogen (n) and sulfur (s), while inorganic substances are compounds composed of elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, such as metals, oxides and carbonates.
2. Molecular structure: The valence bonds of organic molecules are usually single bonds, double bonds and triple bonds of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, while the valence bonds of inorganic molecules are mostly complex ionic bonds, valence bonds and halogen bonds.
3. Significance of life science: Most organic substances are basic substances in life systems, such as protein, nucleic acids, lipids and polysaccharides, while most inorganic substances do not participate in the basic metabolism of life systems.
4. Physical characteristics: Because the carbon of organic compounds is easy to form long chain, branched chain and cyclic chain, the physical and chemical characteristics of organic compounds are more diverse and complex.
In practical application, inorganic matter and organic matter cannot be strictly distinguished. Some compounds contain both carbon-hydrogen bonds and inorganic substances, and some inorganic substances can also participate in life metabolism, such as water and chemical elements. Therefore, organic matter and inorganic matter are a simplified purification and classification method of physical and chemical processes.