Douglas macarthur, a famous military strategist, served as commander of the US Far East Army and commander of the Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific Theater during the Second World War; After the war, he became the supreme commander of the allied forces in Japan and the commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army".
MacArthur was born on1880 65438+1October 26th in a military family in Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. His father, George W. Arthur MacArthur, was an American general. He inspired MacArthur to become a soldier. MacArthur said in his later years: "My earliest memory is the sound of a bugle! And my father gave me all this. My father not only gave me life, but also gave me a career path all my life. " 1965438+On September 5, 2002, old MacArthur died of myocardial infarction. In memory of his father, MacArthur named his child Arthur and took his father's photo with him. He never left his body for half a century.
From 65438 to 0899, MacArthur was admitted to the United States Military Academy (West Point Military Academy). At school, I study hard and pay attention to physical exercise. Four years later, he graduated first in his class and went to the Philippines to serve as a second lieutenant in the 3 rd Engineering Battalion of the US Army.
From 65438 to 0905, MacArthur followed his father in intelligence work. From 65438 to 0906, he became a student of the US Army Engineering Institute and concurrently served as the military adjutant of President theodore roosevelt. 1908 was transferred to the company commander of the engineering battalion, and was promoted to the adjutant of the battalion because of his good training. Later, he became the instructor of the cavalry school, 0 19 1 1 was promoted to captain, and the following year he was transferred to the army general staff. 19 15 liter specialty. 19 16, transferred to the adjutant of Army Minister Baker, responsible for liaison with the press.
19 17, after the United States participated in World War I, personnel were transferred from the national guards of various States to form the 42nd Infantry Division. MacArthur became the chief of staff of the 42nd Infantry Division, was promoted to colonel, and went to France to participate in the world war. He claimed that the division came from all over the United States, just like a rainbow across the sky, so it was also called "Rainbow Division". 19 18 he won many medals and was promoted to the rank of brigadier general of the 84th brigade for his bravery and good command ability. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, he served as the acting teacher of Rainbow Division after the war. During the war, he held a grudge against the personnel of the Expeditionary Force Command.
1965438+In June 2009, 39-year-old MacArthur was appointed President of West Point Military Academy. He always takes "responsibility-honor-country" as his motto. Above the school gymnasium, there is a plaque engraved with his words: sow seeds in the friendly venue today, and reap the fruits of victory on the battlefield tomorrow!
1922 February, he married louise brooks, but because his wife threatened MacArthur's favorite military career, he resolutely divorced. At the end of the same year, he went to the Philippines as the commander of the Manila Military Region.
1925, MacArthur was promoted to major general and served as commander in Atlanta and Baltimore successively. In the same year, MacArthur was appointed as a judge in the case of Brigadier General Mitchell, who advocated the establishment of an independent air force, and later had to defend himself in his memoirs.
MacArthur became the president of the United States Olympic Committee in the autumn of 1927, and led the American team to participate in the Olympic Games held in Amsterdam in 1928 and won the championship. The army chief of staff sent a telegram to congratulate you: "You not only won the reputation of American never back down, but also won the honor that Americans know how to win." Since then, MacArthur has been transferred to the US military commander in the Philippines.
1930 in August, MacArthur received a phone call from the secretary of the army and learned that President Hoover had decided to appoint him as the army chief of staff. MacArthur considered that the world economic crisis was at that time, pacifism was on the rise, and military spending was bound to be cut. He was afraid that his efforts would not please, so he had the intention of refusing. His mother urged him to accept the position, claiming that "if you show cowardice, your father will be ashamed of it in the grave."
1930165438+10, MacArthur accepted the rank of temporary general and was sworn in as the chief of staff of the US military. During his tenure, he replaced horses with mechanized equipment, which improved the mobility and speed of the troops and made a general mobilization plan for the war. Establish a unified procurement system for all arms to reduce waste, and establish an aviation team headquarters to improve the coordination efficiency of ground and air forces; Oppose congress's attempt to reduce the military organization for economic reasons; Oppose the reduction of the rank of officers, claiming that "an army can be short of food, naked and even poorly equipped, but if it lacks well-trained and well-commanded officers, it is doomed to be wiped out in wartime." The difference between victory and defeat lies in whether there is a capable and efficient army of officers "; Every year, he successfully blocked the proposal to reduce the number of army posts and defended the army's combat readiness. It is particularly important to point out that MacArthur, as the army chief of staff, did not hesitate to mount the horse himself and suppressed the "Veterans' Parade" of American veterans in Washington in 1932. 1933 after Roosevelt became president, MacArthur continued to serve as the army chief of staff.
1935, MacArthur's army chief of staff expired, and he was transferred to the military adviser of Philippine President Quezon with the rank of Major General.
1August, 936, was awarded the rank of Marshal of the Philippines.
1April, 937, she married Jonny Faircloth in America.
1At the end of 937, MacArthur retired from the US Army and began to form the Philippine Army.
1941June, the us military adopted the "rainbow 5" plan and decided to focus on Europe as soon as it hit the axis countries. In July, Washington ordered the Philippine Army to merge with the US troops stationed in the Philippines, and MacArthur was transferred to active service and promoted to lieutenant general, serving as commander of the US Far East Army Command. 1 Army was commanded by Huai Neureiter, and the 2nd Army was commanded by Parker. On February 8, 65438, after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, they attacked the Philippines. Due to MacArthur's misjudgment and improper handling, most of the US bombers and fighters in the Philippines were destroyed and their air defense capabilities were exhausted. In addition, the US and Philippine troops are limited in strength, poorly equipped and lack of training, and cannot resist the Japanese attack. MacArthur almost committed suicide with a pistol left by his father, which is of vital importance to the Filipino people. However,1February 8, 942, Roosevelt once again ordered MacArthur and his family to leave the Philippines in the name of the country. On February 22nd and 23rd, Roosevelt and Marshall successively sent telegrams to evacuate MacArthur, and promised to let MacArthur go to Australia to command the Allied counterattack. On the evening of March 1 1, McAll had no choice but to evacuate. So all the troops retreated from Manila to Bataan Peninsula and declared Manila undefended city. On February 24th, 194 165438, MacArthur was promoted to general. 1942 65438+ 10, the Japanese invaded Manila. The Japanese army then attacked the Bataan Peninsula several times, but all failed. When the "Tokyo Rose" of Japanese radio station laughed at the US Pacific Fleet, MacArthur asked the War Department to send planes over the Philippines to combat the "arrogance of enemy propaganda" and stabilize the morale of the defenders. However, this requirement has not been met and cannot be met. In March, the Japanese reinforcements launched an attack on the US and Philippine troops in the isolated Bataan Peninsula and other places. In order to prevent MacArthur from becoming a prisoner, the US government ordered him to hand over the command to Huai Neureiter and go to Australia as the Allied Commander in the Southwest Pacific Theater to command the allied forces in this area. 1 1 On that night in March, MacArthur vowed, "I will come back" before boarding a torpedo boat from Corregidor and leaving the Philippines. On April 9, about 75,000 US and Philippine troops in Bataan Island were forced to surrender to the Japanese army. On May 6, Huai Neureiter, who was transferred to Coleridge to command operations after the fall of Bataan, was forced to demand surrender, and ordered all US and Philippine troops to surrender on Manila Radio the next day.
After MacArthur arrived in Australia, Sutherland, the chief of staff, first set his headquarters in Brisbane, and then moved to port moresby, aiming at stabilizing port moresby and fighting the Japanese army in Irvine Steiner Mountain. The army commander of the allied forces in the southwest Pacific is Sir Bremen, the air force commander is Brett first, then Kenny (the air force under his jurisdiction was later reorganized into the US Army's 5 th Air Force), and the naval commander is Leary. Later, under the command of MacArthur, there was the US Navy's Third Fleet. The U.S. forces successively include Kruger's 6th Army 1, Eichier's 8th Army 10, and buckner's (later commanded by Stilwell). In view of the Pacific theater without the command of the navy Nimitz, MacArthur thought: "Of all the wrong decisions about this war, the most puzzling thing is probably that there is no unified command of the Pacific." After the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the Battle of Guadalcanal in 1943, the Allies began to shift from strategic defense to strategic attack.
After the Battle of Midway, the Japanese army attempted to capture the Gulf of Man through direct attack and port moresby through flank movement in Chen Bing, New Guinea. MacArthur made a correct judgment and made a corresponding battle plan.
Macarthur's final attack plan 1943 envisages attacking from Guadalcanal and Papua at the same time, defending northeast New Guinea and Solomon Islands, and concentrating on recovering rabaul. The allied forces adopted MacArthur's tactics of crossing the island and basically realized the above-mentioned operational plan. MacArthur said, "the practical application of this war mode is to avoid a frontal attack with a large number of casualties, that is, to avoid Japanese strongholds;" Cut off the supply line and let them do nothing; Is to isolate their troops and starve them to death on the battlefield. . . . . . This is my guiding ideology for mobilizing troops and making operational plans. "
1943, * * * and party and government officials intended to make MacArthur the presidential candidate in the 1944 general election. However, 1944 showed that MacArthur did not get many votes. Therefore, MacArthur had to announce that he had no intention of participating in the presidential election.
1944 In the spring and summer, the allied forces successively conquered the Aleutian Islands, gilbert islands, Solomon Islands, New Britain, New Guinea, Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands. During this period, MacArthur and Nimitz had great differences on the strategic issues of the Pacific War. The former advocates launching a campaign centered on New Guinea-Haarma Hera-Mindanao first, and then liberating the Philippines; The latter advocated seizing Mindanao Air Force Base first, isolating Luzon, then attacking Taiwan Province Province and China coastal areas, and then attacking Japanese mainland, so as to shorten the war process. The two men were supported by Army Chief of Staff Marshall and Naval Operations Minister Kim respectively. Finally, Roosevelt expressed support for the former.
Before the Battle of the Philippine Islands, MacArthur allied forces landed in Molotai and Palau in September 1944. In June+10, 5438, the Allied Forces landed on Leyte Island and began to leap from Mindanao to Luzon Island, and they have been supported by the US Army Air Force and the US Navy's 3rd Fleet. 10 10 On October 20th, MacArthur led troops to land on Leyte Island accompanied by the Philippine President, and delivered the most impressive speech in the rain: "Filipino people, douglas macarthur, a five-star general of the US military, and I are back!" He has a low voice and tears in his eyes. He called on everyone to continue fighting and win justice for the sake of the sacred dead and future generations!
194465438+in February, MacArthur was promoted to be a five-star general of the army.
1945 65438+ 10, the allied forces began to land in Renyayin Bay, north of Manila on 10, and landed in Bataan Peninsula on the 29th, attacking the Japanese army at the foot of Wen Feng. It was not until March that the Allies conquered Manila, occupied Bataan Peninsula and recovered Corregidor after fierce fighting. On March 2, MacArthur symbolically returned to Corregidor by torpedo boat. Tomomi Yamashita resisted until September, when he led his troops to surrender.
1in April, 945, MacArthur was ordered to command the actions of all US Army troops in the Pacific Ocean.
Japan's Unconditional Surrender Letter signed by Mai Shuai 1945 15 On August 5, Japan announced its unconditional surrender, and MacArthur was appointed as the supreme commander of the allied forces in Japan by President Truman, responsible for Japan's military occupation and reconstruction. On September 2nd, the Allied Forces held a surrender ceremony on the USS Missouri. Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru and Chief of Staff Mizu Yoshijiro signed the surrender letter on behalf of Japan. MacArthur appeared to sign the surrender letter on behalf of the Allies, and representatives of China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union also signed the surrender letter one after another. When MacArthur signed the surrender letter, he specially arranged for American general Wainewright and British general percival, who were captured by the Japanese in the early Pacific War, to stand behind him in an honorary capacity, and then signed the surrender letter between Britain and Japan with five pens. Write "Doug" in the 1 pen and send it to Wainewright. The second pen continued to write "Lars" and then gave it to percival. The third pen was signed "MacArthur" and then sent to the US government archives; The fourth pen began to sign its own position and rank, and then sent it to West Point Military Academy; The fifth pen is a small pink pen from the pocket of the military uniform. After signing its position and rank, it was given to Mrs. MacArthur.
1June, 950, after the Korean War broke out, the United States manipulated the United Nations to intervene. MacArthur served as commander-in-chief of the US Far East and commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" to direct the war of aggression against Korea. After the 24th Infantry Division of the U.S. Army was annihilated, MacArthur organized and commanded the Incheon landing to be successful, and then commanded the "United Nations Army" to cross the 38th parallel and push crazily towards the Yalu River. 1951April, MacArthur was dismissed from all his posts because of his defeat in the war and the so-called "failure to fully support the policies of the United States and the United Nations".
MacArthur is widely involved in history, biography, philosophy, law and natural science, and his memory is amazing. MacArthur's informal talk is vivid and to the point. He never stops to choose words or organize ideas. But in public, he always writes carefully, especially long, boastful, flashy, complex sentence structure, monotonous, giving people the impression of no sense of humor and lack of imagination. MacArthur is arrogant and eager to be praised and worshipped by others. On some occasions, he stretched out his hand to ask for honor or embezzle the merits of others. The news released by MacArthur's headquarters calls him by his first name, but he always uses words like "my army", "my navy" or "my air force". MacArthur is impulsive, has unrealistic optimism, is good at psychological warfare, thinks he is always right, and often ignores or despises the practical criticisms and suggestions of staff officers. Macarthur, once he made up his mind to fight, just didn't want to hear "useless" or "maybe useful", so the capable staff officers were turned away, and only Nuo Nuo or Tan's sycophants stayed with him. MacArthur can never tolerate criticism or admit mistakes, and is used to trying to cover up mistakes or lying brazenly.
MacArthur delivered a speech in Congress after returning to the United States, and continued to advocate expanding the war of aggression, imposing an economic blockade on China, and encouraging Chiang Kai-shek to counterattack the mainland. The US Congress also held a MacArthur hearing. 1952, MacArthur tried to win * * * and the party's presidential nomination, but failed. Since then, he has served as the chairman of Rand Typewriter Company and wrote a memoir, Memories of the Past.
1April 3, 964, MacArthur died in Walter Reed Army Hospital.
[Edit this paragraph] Life
He was born in a military camp in Little Rock, Arkansas, and his father won the Congressional Medal for his participation in the Civil War. 1903 graduated from west point military academy with the first place, which is the best result since the establishment of west point military academy 100, with an average score of over 98 points. He was later appointed as a second lieutenant officer. During World War I, he was the commander of the 42nd Division of the United States Army. 19 19 was appointed president of the United States military academy at west point, the youngest president in the history of the United States army. 1937, retired. 194 1 year, when the second world war broke out, he was recalled to the army and served as commander-in-chief of the US Far East Army, commanding "island capture tactics" in the southwest Pacific, and selectively captured islands that were of great significance to the advancement of the US military. 1944, he was promoted to a five-star general because of his outstanding military exploits.
[Edit this paragraph] Korean War
1950 On June 25th, with Stalin's acquiescence, Kim Il Sung attacked South Korea, and Seoul was captured on June 28th. On June 27th, Truman ordered American troops to participate in the Korean War. On July 7, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution drafted by the United States to organize the "United Nations Army" to participate in the Korean War, with five-star general MacArthur as commander-in-chief. During the Korean War, Kim Il Sung's Korean People's Army was cut off by the Incheon landing, and the situation turned sharply. Accepting Kim Il Sung's request, he decided to send troops to North Korea and appointed Peng as commander and political commissar. 10 June 19, the US troops captured Pyongyang, and at this time, the first batch of Chinese people's Volunteer Army secretly entered North Korea in three ways, which strongly blocked the United Nations troops. 1950 15 On June 15, President Truman met MacArthur in wake island and asked him to fight a limited war. Later, MacArthur openly opposed Truman's decision to send reconnaissance planes into China's airspace. In the first three battles after the volunteers entered the DPRK, the "United Nations Army" suffered a crushing defeat, and the fourth battle also suffered heavy casualties. MacArthur lacked effective means to turn things around. After Li Qiwei became the commander of the Eighth Army and began to turn the tide, MacArthur became increasingly dissatisfied with the American military and political authorities. In April 195 1, 1 1, Truman dismissed him for "failing to fully support the policies of the United States and the United Nations" and was replaced by Li Qiwei. When MacArthur knew this, he whispered to his wife, "Joan, we can finally go home."
After MacArthur returned to America, he received a hero's welcome in Washington. Demonstrations supporting MacArthur and opposing Truman broke out in many big cities, and Truman's support rate dropped to 26%. The legislatures of four States passed resolutions demanding that President Truman withdraw his authorization. 1951April19, MacArthur delivered a famous speech entitled "Veterans Never Die" in the Capitol.
"I am about to end my 52-year military career. I joined the army before the beginning of this century, which is the realization of my childhood hopes and dreams. The world has changed many times since I took the oath in the coaching field of West Point Military Academy. My hopes and dreams have long since vanished, but I still remember the most popular military lyrics at that time and proudly declared that' veterans don't die, they just gradually disappear'. "
[Edit this paragraph] Military career
From 65438 to 0899, he entered the United States Military Academy (new york West Point Military Academy).
1June 903 1 1, graduated first in the class and was appointed as the second lieutenant of the engineering and technical corps.
1promoted to lieutenant on April 23rd, 904.
From 1905 to 1906, he followed his father as an adjutant in the Far East.
1907, served as the military adjutant of President theodore roosevelt.
1911promoted to captain on February 27th.
19 14 was sent to Veracruz, Mexico.
1917-1919 entered the 42nd Infantry Division with the reputation of "Rainbow Division", and successively served as Chief of Staff, Brigadier General of the 84th Infantry Brigade and Division Commander of the 42nd Division.
1965438+promoted to brigadier general on June 26th, 2008.
Was appointed president of the United States Military Academy at West Point.
1922 to 1930, went to the Philippines as the commander of Manila Military Region and 23rd Brigade.
1925 65438+ 10/7, promoted to major general (regular army).
1925 65438+ 10 month, returned to the United States as commander.
1928, he led the American team to participate in the Olympic Games held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and then returned to Manila as the commander-in-chief of the Philippines.
1930 10 month, commander of the ninth corps.
1930165438+1October 1- 1935, became the chief of staff of the United States army.
1935 became a military adviser to the Philippine government.
1August, 936, was awarded the rank of Marshal of the Philippines.
1937 65438+February 3 1, retired from the US Army and became the commander-in-chief of the Philippine Army.
1937 in April, she married Johnny Ferb.
1938 February 2 1, Arthur MacArthur IV was born.
194 1 On July 26th, 2008, he returned to China with the rank of Major General to take charge of the Far East, the US Army's deployment in the Far East.
On July 27th, he was promoted to Lieutenant General.
194 1 year1February 8 18 was promoted to general of the army.
1942 On February 22nd, US President franklin delano roosevelt ordered MacArthur to leave the Philippines due to the failure of American defense in the Pacific War. When he left, he swore, "I will come back."
1943 was appointed commander-in-chief of the allied southwest Pacific theater.
194465438+in February, MacArthur was promoted to be a five-star general of the army.
1February 5, 945, MacArthur fulfilled his oath to recover Manila.
1in April, 945, MacArthur was ordered to command the actions of all US Army troops in the Pacific Ocean.
1On August 2nd, 945, he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the allied forces stationed in Japan by President Truman, responsible for the military occupation and reconstruction of Japan, and was regarded as the imperial father by the Japanese.
1July 8, 950, served as commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army in the Korean War.
On July 3, Kloc-0/950, he visited Taiwan Province Province and established diplomatic relations with Chiang Kai-shek.
1950 September 15, planned the Incheon campaign and won a decisive victory.
After MacArthur told the White House that he was too busy to go back to Washington, he met with President Harry S. Truman in wake island.
1951April1kloc-0/day, MacArthur advocated attacking military targets in northeast China and using nuclear weapons if necessary; Truman refused to agree, fearing that the move would lead to the Soviet Union's participation in the war. After MacArthur publicly accused the White House of its policies, Truman dismissed him from all his posts.
195 1 09 April 19, in his farewell speech before the national assembly meeting, he delivered a famous speech-"Veterans Never Die".
195 1 year retired from the United States army with the rank of five-star general.
1952 On June 25th, in recognition of his achievements, the U.S. Congress made an exception and passed a resolution to approve the special gold medal of honor specially made for him, engraved with his portrait and the following words:
Protector of Australia
The liberator of the Philippines
Conquerors of Japan
Defenders of North Korea
He is the most decorated officer in the United States and the only American general who participated in World War I, World War II and Korean War.
In memory of douglas macarthur
Japan, the person who had the greatest influence on Japan in 2002, General Arthur is considered as the foreigner who has the greatest influence on their country. In Japan, General MacArthur Memorial Hall is always crowded with tourists, and Japan has always regarded him as a real hero.
Korea has the only foreign memorial theme park, MacArthur theme park. In memory of the general's defeat of the Japanese army. In Incheon, the statue of General Arthur holds a telescope and seems to be looking for the future.
The Philippines has always been a demigod. In order to remember him, every time the Philippine army called the roll, a sergeant shouted "MacArthur" and all the soldiers replied "The spirit is still there!" He is a marshal in the Philippines. Japan' s post-war teachings wrote that Japan' s launch of the Pacific War is unstoppable and the entire Pacific Ocean will soon become Japan' s world. However, General MacArthur's battle to defend the Philippines was indestructible, and the Japanese army fought for more than four months, which was the first defeat of the Japanese army. This setback came from General Arthur's Bataan Peninsula, and an influence, a spiritual influence, spread in the Japanese army. Finally, the commander in chief in charge of Japan's surrender. It was this general MacArthur who brought the first setback to the Japanese army at the beginning.
MacArthur, a real hero, is handsome and dignified.
From the first Texas military school in the school.
Then he graduated from the best West Point Military Academy in history and became the first captain.
The American who won the most medals in World War I, "the brave among the brave!"
The youngest brigadier general in American military history.
The youngest major general of the us military.
The youngest principal in the history of West Point Military Academy.
"Father of West Point"
The youngest army staff officer in the history of the US military and the only four-star general in the army.
The only person in the U.S. military appointed as a marshal by a foreign country.
Allied commander-in-chief
In the general's life, the threat of death is as common as the daily public works.
The setbacks encountered by the general in his life are unimaginable.
He fought for the Pacific Ocean almost single-handedly for 20 years. In order to prove his correctness, he fought again and again, and suffered great damage and slander in the middle, until he finally proved his correctness. However, almost no one thanked General Arthur for this! ! !
I think no one can be as important as him in the war!
In the First World War, his army "Rainbow" division was invincible and invincible, and it was the most effective army in the US military. He jumped out of the trench again and again and rushed to the enemy. He is the top staff, but unlike other staff, he didn't stay in the command post. Almost every battle, he personally killed the enemy on the battlefield and captured the German colonel alive! Even Barton, known as "bloody and brave", was deeply admired after following General Arthur to the battlefield. In his letter to his wife, he wrote, "General MacArthur is the bravest man I have ever met." Directly beat the Germans out of the water and surrendered.
When he was an army staff officer, he struggled vigorously and even threatened the Romanian president to increase military spending by constantly resigning. If it weren't for him, the American army would have been a second-rate army in World War II, and winning or not is a big problem.
If it weren't for him, the counterattack against Japan wouldn't be so smooth. His army fought 30 1 with the Japanese army, and the American army was killed 1 10,000 people, and the Japanese army was killed more than 400,000 people. This achievement is not comparable to that of any general in World War II! A worthy god of war.
It took five years to transform Japan into a leading economic power after defeating Japan. Yes, it was General MacArthur's army that killed millions of Japanese troops. However, Japan today is regarded as its hero and benefactor. He completely defeated Japan in strength and brought the best free, democratic and affluent life to Japan!
The Incheon Landing War in North Korea was a military masterpiece in which the general's will influenced history. No one but himself believed that the Incheon landing war would be successful. It was him again, pushing his way through the crowd and "using military meetings to create fear and defeatism" to retaliate against a lot of incompetent generals. As we all know, the success of the Incheon Landing War forced China to intervene to save the Korean army.
Finally, the Korean War completely changed the world.
The world can respect China, whether it is right or not, but it is strong enough to attract people's attention. China showed his strength on the Korean battlefield. Since then, no country has dared to take a contemptuous attitude towards China and put China first. The Korean War was a well-deserved war for the founding of the People's Republic of China.
MacArthur stepped down, and this general is a once-in-a-lifetime figure. His performance before Incheon was almost perfect, and no soldier could compare with his experience. He is an out-and-out soldier, a scholar and a brilliant politician (he knows Italian, French, English, German and Spanish) (see the incredible Japanese economic miracle). At the same time, it is the silver star medal of courage and strategy, and the cross medal of the biggest winner of quality service. At the same time, it also has the highest honor in the country ~ ~ ~ Congressional Medal of Honor. There are many times in history when people don't know what to do.
"Soldiers, meeting the war is like meeting the rising sun every day." MacArthur