Generally speaking, the Ivy League University does not refer to a single university, but refers to a university alliance including eight universities. They are located in the eastern part of the United States, north to New Hampshire and south to Pennsylvania. Although these universities all have antique buildings and the walls are covered with ivy, one of the Ivy League universities was not originally from this plant. The earliest Ivy League school is actually an inter-school sports alliance formed by four universities. These four universities are Harvard University in Massachusetts, Yale University in Connecticut, Columbia University in New York and Princeton University in New Jersey. The Roman numeral of four is written as IV, and then the suffix Y is added, which becomes IVY, so it is also called Ivy University. Because of the inter-school sports competition, it will inevitably cause schools to compete for top sports students, ignoring academic performance and other entrance requirements. Therefore, Ivy League schools have formulated the principle of enrollment, that is, scholarships will not be awarded according to family economic conditions because of their sports ability. Later, the alliance of these four universities expanded to eight, joining Brown University in Rhode Island, Cornell University in New York, Dartmouth College in New Hampshire and the University of Pennsylvania. These eight universities are recognized as first-class universities. They have a long history, rigorous scholarship, high level of professors and good quality of students. Therefore, Ivy League universities are often synonymous with top universities. The Ivy League represented by Harvard and Yale is the best among American universities. Among the more than 3, universities in the United States, the Ivy League is still the institution of higher learning that many American students dream of entering, although it is only a few of them. Ivy League School (lvyLeague) is a university federation composed of eight universities and one college in the United States. They are Harvard University in Massachusetts, Yale University in Connecticut, Columbia University in New York, Princeton University in New Jersey, Brown University in Rhode Island, Cornell University in New York, Dartmouth College in New Hampshire and University of Pennsylvania. These eight universities are the leading universities in the United States, with a long history and rigorous scholarship. Many famous scientists, politicians and businessmen have graduated here. In the United States, Ivy League colleges are synonymous with top universities. The idea of an Ivy League school comes from the 195s. The above-mentioned schools had social and sports competitions as early as the end of the 19th century, and the idea of an alliance school was conceived in 1956. When each school formulated the rules of sports competition, it further formulated the rules of an Ivy League school, elected the president, sports director and some administrative directors of the alliance school, and met regularly to discuss the issues related to admission, finance, assistance and administration among the schools. There were only four universities in the early Ivy League: Harvard, Yale, Columbia and Princeton. The Roman numeral of 4 is "IV", and with the suffix Y, it becomes "IVY", which means Ivy in English, so it is also called an Ivy League school. Later, the Federation of these four universities expanded to eight, becoming the prestigious Ivy League school now. These prestigious schools have strict admission standards, and students who can enter the school are naturally good students with excellent academic performance. The school went to various high schools very early to select suitable candidates, and many students who won the National Excellent Student Award and had various specialties were the targets of their snares. However, academic performance is not the only factor for school admission. Whether students have independent spirit and can quickly adapt to the stressful and stressful life of freshmen is also an important factor for them to consider. Students' abilities and specialties are an important factor to measure students' comprehensive quality, and the letters of recommendation and comments from senior high school teachers also play an important role in students' enrollment. The school is rich in financial resources, and the admissions office can be admitted according to the examinee's own situation, without worrying about the student's family's ability to pay tuition fees, which benefits many outstanding children from poor families. Children of rich families, even if they are rich, cannot be admitted. This may be the reason why Ivy League colleges have remained "evergreen" for hundreds of years. Brown University was founded by Baptists in 1754. Now it is a private non-church university and the seventh oldest university in the United States. There are more than 7 students, including nearly 15 graduate students. The school has rigorous scholarship and pure style of study, and the teaching and scientific research quality of all departments is excellent. There are many scientific research units in the school, such as Biomedical Center, Computer Center, Geographical Science Center, Chemical Research Center, Materials Research Laboratory, Marine Biology Laboratory of WoodsHole Institute of Marine Geography, Rhode1s1and Reactor Center, etc. There are many departments that set up postgraduate courses, such as applied mathematics department, biology and medicine department, engineering department, etc., among which overseas postgraduate students in mathematics department account for more than half of the postgraduate places. Brown University's ancient books and American cultural relics before 18 are very famous. ColumbiaUniversity is a private comprehensive university located in new york. The school's predecessor was King'sCollege, which was founded in 1754. It was once closed during the War of Independence. In 1784, it was renamed Columbia College, and in 1912, it was renamed. Columbia University's well-known graduate schools include business schools and journalists Joseph? Pulitzer founded the School of Journalism and the School of Education in 1912. The Graduate School of Business of Columbia University ranked seventh in the United States in 1977. The biggest feature of its MBA program is flexibility. Students can study in any semester that starts in January, May or September. The college welcomes overseas students. It is also determined to make progress in the curriculum, especially in setting up four themes: Globalization, Totalquality, Ethics and human resource management, so it has the reputation of "21st century curriculum". Columbia University Graduate School of Education is the largest comprehensive graduate school in pedagogy, applied psychology and mental health in the world, ranking first in the national graduate school of education in 1997. It has many research centers and is one of the best graduate schools in the above-mentioned disciplines in the United States. The school-based scientific system lasts for 4 years, with 2 semesters each year. Students' entrance conditions are relatively high, and they are required to take an academic aptitude test in addition to studying certain subjects in middle schools. The school pays attention to teaching quality, employs excellent teachers and teaches in small classes. It also attaches great importance to students' foreign language learning and offers 71 foreign language courses. It is the university that teaches the most foreign languages in the United States. The school has trained many famous people. Among the teachers and graduates, nine people won the Nobel Prize, including physicist milliken (1923), chemist Langmuir (1932) and biologist Morgan (1933). CornellUniversity is a comprehensive university funded by both public and private parties. Andrew, a diplomat and scholar who was admitted to the school in 1865 and started school in 1868, established the academic system for the school? De? White became the first headmaster. The school is located in Ithaca, New York. In the ranking of American private universities in 1997, it ranked sixth, second only to Harvard, Princeton, Yale, MIT and Stanford University. Its College of Agriculture, College of Human Ecology, College of Life Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Labor Relations are affiliated to the new york State University system, while other colleges, including the School of Tourism Management, are private schools. The school has 19, undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals. The graduate school has 16 faculty members, including Nobel Prize winners, Pulitzer Prize winners and members of the National Academy of Sciences. There are 4,5 students in the graduate school, of which 68% are studying for doctoral degrees, and about 4% are girls. The graduate school has 91 professional courses, which are independent of traditional universities or departments and are taught by professors transferred from universities. Each student can choose two or three tutors to form a special committee to guide their own courses. Doctoral degrees usually take six semesters, and graduate degrees take two semesters. At Cornell University, almost all doctoral students have scholarships, and about 76% graduate students enjoy various scholarships. The graduate school offers scholarships of about $11, each year. Dartmouthcol1ege Dartmouth College is located in Hanover, New Hampshire, and was founded in 1769 by King George III of England. Dartmouth College is small in scale, but it has a long history. It is a member of the Ivy League schools in the United States. In 1997, private universities ranked among the top 1. There are about 4, undergraduates and nearly 1,3 graduate students, one third of whom are graduate students from the College of Arts and Sciences. The college is famous for its good quality of students and rigorous teaching. Hopkin Art Performance Center of College of Arts and Sciences is the cultural center of Dartmouth College. In addition, science is also excellent and enjoys a good reputation. The master's and doctor's courses in the college are famous for their small class teaching and strong course selectivity, which makes them more flexible than the traditional PhD. The professors employed by the school have rich teaching and scientific research experience, and each course is aimed at scientific research. Therefore, it is an inevitable result that there are many scientific research achievements in doctoral programs. Most doctoral students in this school can get scholarships. The school advocates that graduate students should take part in teaching and strengthen academic exchanges between disciplines. Founded in 1636, HarvardUniversity is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and a world-renowned research and teaching center in various fields. On October 28, 1636, the Massachusetts Bay Colony Council passed a resolution and decided to build an institution of higher learning like Cambridge University in England. In 1638, it was officially opened in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with four first-class students. On March 13th, 1639, the Massachusetts Bay Colonial Council passed a resolution to name this school Harvard College. In the first century and a half, the school system was mainly modeled after European universities. In 178, it was expanded into Harvard University. Since 1966, Harvard University has established 1 graduate schools, namely, arts and sciences, business management, design, dentistry, theology, education, law, medicine, public health and Kennedy School of Politics; Two colleges that recruit undergraduate students, namely Harvard College and Radcliffe College; There is also a continuing education office, which is responsible for summer schools, attached courses and lifelong learning centers. Three graduate schools of dentistry, medicine and public health are set up in Boston, and the rest are concentrated in Cambridge. Each college has relative independence. Harvard university students come from all over the United States and more than 1 countries around the world. Among the graduates, six have been elected presidents of the United States, and many have become outstanding writers and scientists. The University of Pennsylvania was founded in 174 by Frank? Founded by Franklin, it is the first institution designated as a university in the United States. Its MBA in WhartonSchoo1 was rated as the first in the United States by Businessweek in 1994. For many years, it has the same name as Northwestern University, Harvard University, University of Chicago and Stanford University, and it is the first school for business graduate applicants to apply for admission. Wharton Graduate School of Business offers full-time courses, in addition to being rated as the leading two-year MBA in the United States by Businessweek, there are also dual-degree master's courses in business administration and engineering, law, medical science, dentistry, veterinary medicine, nursing or social work. In addition, there are excellent three-year full-time international relations MBA/MA courses and PhD courses. There are 12 graduate schools in the school, besides Wharton, there are also graduate schools of education, art, law, arts, dentistry, engineering and applied science, and medicine, among which engineering is the best. The school has a strong academic atmosphere and advocates the free way of letting a hundred flowers blossom. As long as five students sign a letter to the school asking for a new course, the university authorities will certainly meet the students' requirements. PrincetonUniversity is a famous private university, ranking fourth among the oldest universities in the United States. Its predecessor was the New Jersey College chartered by King George II in 1746, and it was renamed Princeton in 1896. Its academic reputation ranks among the top universities in the United States. Princeton University is famous for its mathematics and philosophy. Other famous subjects include English, politics, physics, astrophysics, history, classical literature, economics, fine arts, music, German and French. Chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and aerospace engineering are the best. Three physics professors are Nobel Prize winners. W? Wilson School of Public Affairs and International Affairs has long maintained a tradition of training government officials. In recent years, the school's computer discipline has also grown sturdily and was selected as one of the "super computer universities" in the United States. Tutorial is the main content of Princeton University life, and most Princeton students especially like tutorial classes outside the classroom. These discussions led by teaching assistants or professors give them a larger space to understand the theories they have learned in the classroom. Studying at Princeton is not easy. In addition to taking more than 3 courses before graduation, undergraduate students have to pass the third year of writing and the fourth year of thesis writing. Princeton's exams implement a "good faith" system, that is, there is no teacher to supervise the exams. Graduate schools include graduate school of architecture, graduate school of engineering and applied science, and W? Wilson (the name of the 28th president of the United States) and the Graduate School of International Affairs. In recent years, in addition to the usual academic subjects, schools have paid more and more attention to environmental research, urban affairs, creative arts and seminars organized by students themselves. Among the graduates of Princeton University, J? President Madison and w? President Wilson and about 8 US senators. YaleUniversity is a famous private university, ranking third among the oldest universities in the United States. Founded in 171, it was awarded the first doctoral degree in the United States in 1861. The early curriculum of the school pays attention to classical subjects and adheres to orthodox religious views. In 1828, the whole country in the United States proposed that the university curriculum should focus on practical subjects rather than classical subjects. J. Dai, president of Yale University, published the Yale Report to defend the traditional courses. This report still had an impact after the Civil War, which slowed down the process of introducing practical liberal arts courses to American universities. In 198, Yale University began to stop requiring students to take compulsory Greek. At that time, principal a? Under the influence of Hadley, he began to pay attention to professional training. Before 1969, Yale only admitted boys, and then it was coeducated. Yale University is strict in enrollment, and its academic level and social prestige are among the best in the national institutions of higher learning.