Abstract: Innovation is the fundamental driving force of social development. Without innovation, society will eventually stop developing. Team innovation helps to produce synergy, thus accelerating innovation. The rebellion of eight geniuses, Apple's group innovation, PayPal gang, and the Vienna Psychoanalysis Group all show that innovation and entrepreneurship can be produced through mutual learning and mutual promotion. The influence of environment on personal development is very important. A good environment will make people learn, cooperate and compete with each other, and the collision of ideas will produce new ideas.
In Stanford University's open class on how to start a business, the course tells the following four elements of entrepreneurial success:
Creativity (entrepreneur's idea)
Product (product)
Team (team)
Execute (execute)
It can be explained by the generalized momentum theorem Fαt=MV, and the team will act on the product in the direction of Idea)α, and after the execution time t, the result MV will be formed.
Drucker said: "The success of innovation lies not in whether it is novel, ingenious or scientific, but in whether it can win the market and create new value for customers."
Schumpeter said: "Innovation is the perpetual motion machine of capitalism."
Innovation is the only fundamental driving force for human and social development. Without innovation, economic and social development will stop.
The rebellion of the eight geniuses made the semiconductor industry flourish, Jobs' innovative spirit made Apple make many products that changed the world, PayPal's collective innovative spirit influenced the world, and the Vienna Psychoanalysis Group initiated a new field of psychological research.
1) Rebellion of Eight Geniuses
1955, Dr. W. shockley, the "father of transistors", founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory. Admiring the reputation of "Father of Transistors", eight young scientists from the eastern United States came to Silicon Valley one after another to join the shockley Laboratory. They are: N. Noyce, R. Moore, J. Blank, E. Klinner, J. Henny, J. Raster, S. Bobetz, V. Grinich, all of whom are under 30 years old and in their prime of life, and all of them are at the peak of their creativity.
Unfortunately, shockley is a talented scientist, but he lacks management ability; He is ambitious, but he knows nothing about management. During this year, the laboratory didn't develop any decent products. Eight youths began to plan to leave without telling shockley. Under the leadership of Noyce, they submitted their resignation to shockley.
"You are a group of traitors!" Shockley pointed at Noyce's nose and was furious. The young people looked at each other, but left their Bole without hesitation. This is a well-known anecdote about the "Eight Traitors" in the history of computers. However, Shockley himself later changed his mind and called them "the rebellion of the eight geniuses."
In many books and periodicals in Silicon Valley, the photos of "Eight Rebellions" belong to the same level as HP's garage and have the same historical value (as shown in Figure 7-22).
Figure 7-22 Rebellion of Eight Geniuses
"Eight Inverse" found a photographic equipment company in new york to invest and start a business for them. Mr. fairchild, who is over 60 years old, only provided them with a venture fund of $3,600, asking them to develop and produce commercial semiconductor devices and enjoy the purchase privilege for two years. As a result, the enterprise founded by the "Eight Oppositions" was officially named Fairchild Semiconductor Company, and the first of the "Fairchild" was Noyce.
1958 65438+ 10, the blue giant IBM placed their first order for 100 silicon transistors for the memory of the company computer. Fairchild Semiconductor Co., Ltd. has developed rapidly under the careful planning of Noyce, and at the same time, a set of plane processing technology for manufacturing transistors has become increasingly mature.
1959, Noyce put forward the theory of integrated circuits suitable for industrial production. 1960, Fairchild semiconductor company achieved further development and success. Because the invention of the integrated circuit made it famous, the parent company Fairchild Photography Equipment Company decided to buy its shares at a price of 3 million US dollars, and each of the eight rebels had shares worth 250,000 US dollars. 1964, Dr. Moore, one of the founders of Fairchild Semiconductor, published a strange law, which was only three pages long. Moore's Genius predicts that the number of transistors that can be integrated on an integrated circuit will increase steadily every 18 months, and this trend will be maintained in the next few decades. This prediction of Moore was proved by the later development of integrated circuits, and kept its validity for a long time. Known as "Moore's Law", IT has become the "first law" in the IT field.
However, it was also during this period that Fairchild began to breed crisis. The general manager of the parent company keeps shifting profits to the East Coast to support the profitability of Fairchild Photographic Equipment Company. After witnessing the unfairness of the parent company, Henny, Roberts and Claire in Eight Rebellions first left angrily and set up Nelko Company. It is said that Henny later founded as many as 12 new companies. Subsequently, Glass, another member of the "Eight Oppositions", left Fairchild with several people and set up Signay Tix Semiconductor Company. Since then, a large number of talent elites have poured into Fairchild and left their jobs to start businesses.
As Steve Jobs of Apple said, "Fairchild Semiconductor Company is like a mature dandelion. As soon as you blow, the seeds of this entrepreneurial spirit will fly everywhere with the wind. "
As a result, talents have left Fairchild. 1967, Charles? C.Sporck came to National Semiconductor Corporation (NSC) as CEO. He carried out drastic reforms and moved NSC from Connecticut to Silicon Valley, making it rapidly grow from a loss-making enterprise to the sixth largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world. 1968, Noyce and Moore, the last two "Eight Inversions", also left Fairchild Company together with A. Grove and started their own business. The company they founded is the famous Intel. 1969, Jerry? J. Sanders and seven Fairchild employees founded Advanced Micro Instruments (AMD).
Although I bid farewell to Fairchild, Eight Inverse still agreed to be together. The last time was 1997, and only 6 out of 8 people were still alive. It seems that we should carry forward the spirit of "defection" of the "Eight Oppositions", and groups of "fairies" have emerged one after another, setting off a huge entrepreneurial upsurge. In this regard, the famous best-selling book "Silicon Valley fever" published in the early 1980s wrote: "Half of the 70 semiconductor companies in Silicon Valley are direct or indirect descendants of Fairchild Semiconductor. Working for Fairchild Semiconductor is the way to enter the whole Silicon Valley semiconductor industry. 1969 At a conference of semiconductor engineers held in Sunnyvale, less than 24 of the 400 participants had never worked at Fairchild. " In this sense, it is no exaggeration to say that Fairchild Semiconductor is the "cradle of talents in Silicon Valley".
2) Jobs and Apple
Steve Jobs and stephen wozniak set up Apple in their garage. Jobs has successively led and launched electronic products such as Macintosh, iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and so on, which have profoundly changed modern communication, entertainment and lifestyle. Jobs was also the former chairman and CEO of Pixar Animation. Nowadays, many high-tech products are imitations of Apple products. Jobs's influence on the world is not only the products he led Apple to create, but also his thoughts. Jobs has been practicing his great ideal "to live is to change the world" all his life, even though he has terminal cancer. Please allow me to pay my highest tribute to the greatest creative genius of our time! ! !
3) PayPal gang
1998 65438+In February, peter thiel and Max Levchin established PayPal, an Internet service provider headquartered in San Jose, California, USA, which allows users who use email to identify themselves to transfer funds. PayPal also cooperates with some e-commerce websites and becomes one of their payment methods. In 2002, Yi Bei bought PayPal for $65438+500 million. After the transaction was completed, important employees of PayPal left Yi Bei one after another. However, they still keep close contact, often get together and name their group "PayPal Gang" (as shown in Figure 7-23).
Figure 7-23 Alipay Gang
After the acquisition of Paypal, the entrepreneurial corps of "PayPal Gang" sprang up in Silicon Valley.
Subsequently, peter thiel founded a hedge fund named Clarium and a venture capital company named Founders Fund. Thiel himself was one of the early investors in Facebook. Reid hoffman (Reid
Hoffman) founded LinkedIn. The listing of LinkedIn at the beginning of this year made Hoffman enter the ranks of "Billion Dollar Club". Hoffman is one of the most successful angel investors in Silicon Valley. His companies include Zynga, Last.fm and Tagged. Elon musk is the CEO of PayPal, Space Exploration Technologies, Tesla Motors and SolarCity. 1997, Max Levchin co-founded two internet software companies-network meridian software and sponsoring new media. 1998 co-founded Fieldlink company with others * * *, and later changed its name to Confinity. Later, Confinity merged with X. com to form PayPal. In 2004, Raffaqin founded Slide, a personal media sharing company, and sold it to Google for $6,543.8+$82 billion. He also co-founded the social networking site Yelp. Rohloff Bosha (Rohloff
Botha) Bosha soon joined Sequoia Capital, the top venture capital company in Silicon Valley, and became a partner of the company. After PayPal was acquired, Jeremy Paellmann and his colleague Russel Simmons co-founded the shopping review website Yelp in 2004. And Steve Chen (Steve.
Chen) used to be a PayPal technician. The two co-founded YouTube in 2004. Two years later, they sold YouTube to Google for over $654.38+06 billion. 20 1 1 At the beginning of the year, Hurley and steve chen acquired Delicious, a social bookmarking site from Yahoo. Keith Labouisse joined the mobile payment company Square on 20 10 as the chief operating officer. David Sachs founded Geni.com, an online genealogy service company, but it didn't work. Later, he founded Yammer, an enterprise Weibo platform, which allowed enterprise users to establish private services similar to Twitter, so that team members could openly exchange ideas, links and documents. Dave Macclure founded the Simple Employment Company in 2004. McClure then founded the American venture capital fund 500 Startups.
4) Vienna Psychoanalysis Group
1899165438+10 In October, with the publication of The Interpretation of Dreams by Austrian Jewish psychologist sigmund freud, the psychoanalytic movement gradually developed. At this time, a group of young scholars gathered around Freud and formed the Wednesday psychoanalysis group, or the Vienna psychoanalysis group. 1902, psychoanalysis society was established. At that time, all the participants later became outstanding analysts, including A. Adler, O. Rank, Feden and C. Jung. Adler left this group in 19 1 1 and jung parted ways with Freud in 19 14 to establish analytical psychology.
The above examples of innovation show that innovation is the fundamental driving force of human and social development, which increases human wealth and accelerates human evolution. The group entrepreneurship of Fairchild and PayPal gang shows that innovation and entrepreneurship can be generated through mutual learning and promotion. The influence of environment on personal development is very important. A good environment will make people learn, cooperate and compete with each other, and the collision of ideas will produce new ideas. Nobel Prize in Literature winner Bernard Shaw said: "You have an apple, I have an apple, we exchange with each other, and everyone is still an apple;" You have an idea, I have an idea, we exchange ideas with each other, and everyone can have two ideas. "The enjoyment of ideas can not only enable both sides to harvest each other's ideas, but also generate more new ideas due to the collision of ideas. Fairchild and PayPal have trained a large number of entrepreneurs, and ge has trained many CEOs.
Figure 7-24 Structure of Quantifiable Management