At present, the issuance of US dollars is controlled by the Federal Reserve system. The most commonly used symbol of US dollar is "$", and the ISO 42 17 standard code of US dollar is USD.
The main scene pattern on the front of the US dollar bill is a person's head, and the main color is black. The main landscape pattern on the back is architecture, and the main color is green, but there is little difference between different versions, such as the back of 1934 is dark green, the back of 1950 is grass green, and the back of 1963 is dark green.
Because dollar green is an ink made of tree juice, the quality of tree juice is different every time, so the color is slightly different. The signature above is the signature of the finance minister, and different release years are different finance ministers.
This dominant position of the dollar in the international monetary system has brought great benefits to the United States.
First of all, it allows the United States to borrow money from the world without restriction, but its debt repayment is unequal or irresponsible at all. Because its loans from other countries are denominated in dollars, it allows the banknote printing factory to print more dollars without restriction. Even if the dollar depreciates, it can reduce the burden of foreign debt, stimulate exports and improve the balance of payments.
In addition, because of the strong economic strength and stable investment environment in the United States at that time, investing in the United States could bring more profits, so many people wanted to invest in the United States. The arrival of a large amount of liquid dollar funds has lowered its interest rate and reduced the cost of making up the fiscal deficit.
In addition, under normal circumstances, when a country's balance of payments is in deficit, it is generally necessary to adjust its economic policy. America doesn't have to do this. Because the US dollar is an international currency, when the United States has a foreign trade deficit, the US government can make up for the deficit by printing US dollar bills, maintain the national economic balance, and pass on inflation to other countries. This is also the main reason why the postwar United States can still maintain economic stability after decades of high fiscal deficit.
And it can also give the United States a huge seigniorage. Seigniorage was originally a tax levied by western European countries in the Middle Ages on precious metals such as gold and silver sent to mint for minting money. After that, it refers to the profit made by the government by issuing money (equal to the difference between the face value of coins and the price of coins).
After the collapse of the gold standard, the credit standard based on paper money replaced the gold standard; The international function of dollar replacing currency has brought great benefits to the United States. When a worthless paper money is printed by the state, the seigniorage is equal to the value of social products that this paper money can buy, and the difference between them is the "seigniorage" in the United States.