1. The historical significance of the Reform Movement of 1898

(1) The bourgeois reform movement is in line with the development trend of Chinese history and has progressive significance.

(2) The patriotic national salvation movement inspired the people’s patriotic thoughts and national consciousness.

(3) The first wave of ideological emancipation in modern China has played an ideological enlightenment role in society and promoted the awakening of the Chinese people.

II. The reasons for the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898

Mainly due to

1. The weakness and compromise of the bourgeois reformists, the lack of courage to fight imperialism and feudalism, they only adopted reform methods and They placed their illusions on the feudal reactionary forces and great powers, stayed away from the people, and were afraid of the people, so they could not get the support of the people and failed.

2. At the same time, the die-hards are very powerful, and Western capital The communist countries did not want China to embark on the path of independent development of capitalism. Therefore, Chinese and foreign reactionary forces jointly strangled the reform movement.

3. In the final analysis, it is determined by the level of development of China’s capitalism. The level of socialist development is very low, the economic foundation is still weak, and the strength of the bourgeoisie is weak. The strength of the bourgeoisie is not enough to compete with the feudal forces. This is the fundamental reason for the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898.

Facts have proved that in the semi-colonial In semi-feudal China, the road of bourgeois reform was unworkable.

3. The results of the Reform Movement of 1898

Reformers such as Kang Youwei had already aimed at "respecting the monarchy" and "getting rid of the Queen Mother" After seeing the military coup plan, the die-hards of the Post-Party Party stepped up preparations for the coup, and made many efforts to promote the implementation of the military coup plan. They roped in Yuan Shikai, attempted to use his troops to kill Ronglu, surrounded the Summer Palace, kidnapped the Queen Mother of the West, protected Emperor Guangxu, and defended the reform. New Deal. Emperor Guangxu didn't know the reformers' strategy, but he summoned Yuan Shikai and gave him the title of minister of minister in an unusual way, just in case he could rely on him in an emergency. He also made a desperate move, promoted a large number of reformers, and planned to open the Maoqin Palace to discuss the system. He also scheduled to summon the Japanese on the fifth day of August. Former Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi; officials from the reformers and the imperialist party also frequently contacted Ito, and even asked him to be a New Deal adviser. These two incidents aroused great suspicion among the post-party group. They were most afraid of the imperialist party taking control of the armed forces, and were most worried about the reformation. The faction combined with foreign forces, prompting imperialism to support Emperor Guangxu to seize power from Cixi. So Cixi decided to launch a coup before Guangxu met Ito. On the third day of August, Yang Chongyi, the censor of the Hou Party, made a secret report to Cixi, asking the Queen Mother to "train the government today" ". Later party leader General Ronglu dispatched troops and generals on the same day to prepare military arrangements for launching a coup. The reformers also stepped up their actions. Tan Sitong visited Yuan Shikai that night and instigated Yuan to implement the plan of "killing (Rong) Lu and imprisoning the empress". Yuan Pretending to agree, but using excuses to delay the execution. On the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, Cixi suddenly returned to the palace from the Summer Palace, launched a coup, and imprisoned Guangxu. On the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, under Cixi's close supervision, Guangxu handled two originally scheduled government affairs. One was to summon Yuan Shikai to "please The second was to summon Ito Hirobumi. On the sixth day of the lunar month, Cixi, in the name of Emperor Guangxu, issued an edict calling on the Empress Dowager to discipline the government, announced the third in-court training, and ordered the arrest of Kang Youwei and Kang Guangren. After Yuan Shikai "asked for training" on the fifth day of the lunar month, After returning to Tianjin, he immediately reported the information to Rong Lu. Rong pondered for a long time. After learning that the coup "had been initiated from within", he secretly reported the contents of Yuan's information to Cixi. On the ninth day of the lunar month, Cixi ordered the arrest of Tan Sitong, Yang Rui, Liu Guangdi, and Lin Xu, Yang Shenxiu. On the 13th, these five people were killed together with Kang Guangren in Caishikou, Beijing. They were known in history as the "Six Gentlemen of 1898". Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to Japan. Officials who supported the reform and reform, Chen Baozhen, Jiang Biao, Huang Zunxian, Li Duan?, Zhang Yinhuan and dozens of other people were either arrested and imprisoned, dismissed from office, or sent to the frontiers. Except for the Capital University and Westernization projects such as trade, benefiting industry, focusing on agriculture, and educating talents, all the New Deal was abolished, and the Reform Movement of 1898 failed