Pencil is one of the main writing tools in modern cultural life.
Wood-based graphite pencils originated in England in the16th century. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, Germany built the first pencil factory in the world. /kloc-in the 8th century, the French successfully studied and reformed the lead core manufacturing technology, and made a major breakthrough in improving the use value of pencils, which laid the foundation for the development of modern pencil industry. /kloc-In the 20th century, Russia, Japan, the United States and other countries set up pencil factories one after another. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, German, Japanese, American and other countries imported pencils to China one after another, occupying the pencil market in China.
China Pencil Factory was born in 1930s. 1932, British pencil factory was transformed into Jiulong Dahua pencil factory, which was the first pencil factory in China. 1933, Beijing China Pencil Company and Shanghai Wenhua Pencil Factory appeared one after another, both of which were not all-round manufacturers. Moreover, due to the backward production technology, they failed to develop on this basis.
Wu 1933 returned from studying in Japan, full of the ideal of saving the country through industry, and initiated fund-raising to build a pencil factory. He shouted in the art world: "Pencils play an important role in all kinds of stationery and are closely related to primary school students. According to the customs trade report, the number of pencils imported into China last year (1932) reached10.5 million gold units. Pencils alone consumed millions of China people's wealth every year. We are here, and so are those who feel the need to start this industry as soon as possible. " "Although the only Dahua pencil factory in China has been established in Kowloon, to promote and develop this kind of industry, it is really necessary to control this factory and resist foreign goods." Wu, Zhang Weishi, Guo Zichun and other like-minded people struggled to raise 50,000 yuan of funds and resolutely solved the problems of factory buildings, technical equipment and raw materials. 1935, founded the first all-round pencil factory in China, which can manufacture lead core, pencil board, pen holder and appearance processing by itself.
In old China, it was difficult for domestic pencils to compete with foreign pencils and squeeze into the market. Wu didn't flinch or get discouraged. In line with the patriotic anti-Japanese sentiment of Chinese people at that time, the factory was widely promoted nationwide, and it was named "China Standard Domestic Pencil Factory Co., Ltd." (the company was reorganized and renamed as "China Standard Pencil Factory Co., Ltd." on 1942, referred to as "Lead Company"). It is claimed that the products of this factory are made by "China technicians, China raw materials and China capital". At the same time, the words "China people use Chinese pencils" are printed on the pencils, so as to stimulate the patriotic enthusiasm of compatriots and urge Chinese people to use domestic pencils. With the patriotic enthusiasm of Chinese people, the products of China Standard Domestic Pencil Factory gradually squeezed into the pencil market dominated by foreign pencils and gained a place. After many efforts, pencils were put in the stationery counters of three famous department stores, such as Yong 'an, Shixian and Daxin, which are the most prosperous Nanjing Road in Shanghai, which improved the price and popularity of products, established the reputation of products, and sold more and more, not only gaining a firm foothold in the Shanghai market, but also gradually expanding the sales area. As far away as Yunnan, Shaanxi, Xinjiang and other remote areas, as well as Nanyang (Southeast Asia), Thailand and other regions also have product footprints.
During the period of 1937, the situation at home and abroad suddenly rose. During the July 7th Incident, Japanese imperialism launched a large-scale aggression against China, and the war soon spread to Shanghai, and the August 13th Sino-Japanese War broke out. This pencil factory is located on the national border and was forced to stop work because of gunfire. In order not to let the painstakingly managed enterprises fall into the hands of the enemy, Wu, with the approval and support of the workers, responded to the call of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the National Government, moved the factories inward and decided to dismantle all the factories in the mainland rear area. Factory workers went all out under the threat of enemy gunfire and moved to Wuhan for the first time. 1938 and then moved to Yichang. 1939 moved to Chongqing three times, and the water in the Chuanjiang River was fast, and the civilian ship carrying machinery was in distress, and two-tenths of the equipment sank to the bottom of the river. After three migrations, difficulties and obstacles, the pencil factory on the verge of despair finally established itself in Chongqing and became the only pencil factory in the rear area. During my stay in Chongqing, the factory was bombed twice by Japanese planes, which destroyed workshops and warehouses and caused heavy losses. Under the arrogance of the enemy, the workers in the whole factory are neither humble nor at a loss. They struggled to repair, insisted on production, and assumed the responsibility of being the only pencil factory in the rear area. During the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, 5 1, 4 1 and 4,000 domestic pencils sold well in the rear area, which eased the urgent demand for cultural writing supplies in the rear area. At the same time, the China Standard Sawmill produced a large number of military wooden boxes urgently needed in the front line of the Anti-Japanese War, and the Zhonghe Chemical Plant produced a large number of chemical products needed by the military industry, which made great efforts to directly support the cause of the Anti-Japanese War.
1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Wu returned to Shanghai to prepare for the resumption of the factory that year, which was completed and put into production in the first half of 1946. He was one of the first enterprises to return to Shanghai from Chongqing to resume the factory.
At the beginning of the factory's resumption of work, it was faced with the serious threat of massive dumping of American pencils and the fierce competition between Shanghai Great Wall Pencil Factory and Shanghai Pencil Factory, which made the production and operation of the factory fall into a very difficult situation. During the period of 1948, social unrest, inflation and prices soared indefinitely. The finished products sold by the factory can't make up for the raw materials in an instant, so we have to quench our thirst by drinking poison to quench our thirst, and usury to maintain production, forming a vicious circle. The debts are getting heavier and heavier, and it is difficult to make ends meet. By 1949, the factory was in a semi-shutdown state. Under many hardships, the factory workers reluctantly gave up what they gave up and fought hard, and finally the factory was completely preserved, which laid the foundation for the development of pencil industry after the founding of New China.
The cock sings the world white. Shortly after the liberation of Shanghai in May, 1949 Lead Company, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the People's Government, made every effort to develop the pencil industry in New China. 1September, 949, actively responding to the call of the people's government, with a set of pencil manufacturing equipment with a monthly production capacity of 20,000 Luo as investment, the "Harbin China Standard Pencil Company" was established in Heilongjiang Province. This is the first joint venture between private enterprises in Shanghai and foreign public-private joint ventures, which caused a sensation in Shanghai at that time, and Shanghai Business Daily made a special report on it. Harbin Huabiao Pencil Company is still one of the largest enterprises in the pencil industry in China.
1950 In July, the lead company was officially approved by the State Council Financial and Economic Committee, becoming the first public-private joint venture in Shanghai light industry system. Since then, the enterprise has entered a brand-new development period and started a new course.
After the joint venture, the workers' socialist consciousness has been significantly improved. Seeing that the country has started large-scale economic construction, the demand for drawing pencils in engineering design and drawing has greatly increased. As for China, there has never been a domestic drawing pencil with complete specifications and excellent quality, so expensive American "Venus" brand drawing pencils and other imported products are widely used. The workers were deeply moved and determined to change this situation and try high-quality drawing pencils. After hundreds of tests-improvement-test-improvement, we finally made a high-quality drawing pencil with complete specifications in March 1954. After listing, it was well received by consumers, and drawing pencils from the United States, German, Japanese and other countries disappeared from the China market. "Zhonghua" brand 10 1 drawing pencil is the only product in China that can compete with foreign drawing pencils, and the domestic products are unparalleled, which is of epoch-making significance in the history of Chinese pencil industry.
1954 10, Shanghai pencil industry merged, and the lead company was renamed as "No.1 Factory of China Pencil Company, a public-private partnership". /kloc-0 changed its name to "China No.1 Pencil Factory" (referred to as No.1 Lead Factory) in June, 1955. 1956 65438+ 10, the state merged the No.3 Chinese Pencil Factory (the Great Wall Pencil Factory originally built in 1937) into the No.1 Lead Core Factory. Later, it was merged into Wuhua Hardware Stationery Factory and eight small business owners. Through the adjustment of industrial structure, the scale of enterprises has expanded and the production economy has developed unprecedentedly. Output value and output doubled. 1957 (calculated at the constant price of 1957) has a total industrial output value of 4.527 million yuan, 2.2 times higher than that of 1950. The output of pencils 1.2 1.8898 million, an increase of 2. 1.8 times. The scale of the enterprise expanded exponentially, and the fixed assets (original value) in 1957 was 828,000 yuan, 3.55 times higher than that in 1950; The number of employees is 69 1, which is 306 more than 1950. Before the joint venture, the enterprise lost money. 1March, 950, the total liabilities of enterprises reached 4.5 billion yuan, and the capital turnover was extremely difficult. After the joint venture, we will gradually pay off our debts and turn losses into profits. 1957 The total profit and tax reached 1639 thousand yuan, and the profit was 1407 thousand yuan.
From 1958 to 1965, various political movements and mass movements were carried out year after year, which interfered and disrupted the management and production order of enterprises to some extent. The quality of products and economic benefits vary with time, which affects the development momentum of enterprises, but the overall production economy is still growing. The main economic indicators of 1965 are compared with 1957: the total industrial output value (calculated at the constant price of 1957) is13162,000 yuan, an increase of 1.9 times; The output of pencils was 322,775,300, an increase of 1.64 times; The total profit and tax was 5.803 million yuan, an increase of 2.5 times; Fixed assets (original value) was 654.38+0.957 million yuan, an increase of 654.38+0.36 times.
Two remarkable achievements have been made in this period: First, since the mid-1950s, mass technological innovation and revolution have been continuously carried out, foreign technology and equipment have been introduced, and old equipment and technology have been completely transformed. 1956 using drum core dryer to replace the backward manual core drying process; In the 1960s, hundreds of technical innovation projects such as grinding head and planer combined machine were put into production one after another. In addition, 1956 introduced a three-color printing machine from Japan as a sample to digest piracy, and the innovation was four-color printing; 1958 imported 200 tons of advanced equipment such as hydraulic core machine from west Germany, which changed the backward appearance of the original technical equipment and exported a large number of "Great Wall" brand pencils and brand pencils. 1959, the company applied for registration of the "elephant" brand trademark dedicated to export products, and mass-produced and exported "elephant" brand pencils, which expanded the export quantity. By 1965, the delivery of export products reached 1. 1.3 billion, accounting for more than one third of the total pencil output, which played a pillar role in transforming China from a pencil importer into a pencil exporter.
1966- 1976 the "cultural revolution" brought disaster to the first lead factory, and the party organization was once paralyzed. A series of so-called "struggle, criticism and reform" actions have not only caused many people to be treated unfairly, but also confused people's thoughts and dampened the enthusiasm of workers. 1968 The so-called "streamlining organization" abolished the original administrative organization, completely disrupted the management system and work order, and caused serious consequences of production confusion and economic stagnation.
Under the guidance of the line, principles and policies of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 1979 No.1 Lead Factory has embarked on a historic reform step and made firm progress. From 198 1 to 1983, the trauma caused by the Cultural Revolution in enterprise management was basically cured.
From 65438 to 0984, on the basis of consolidating the achievements of enterprise rectification, we strengthened the construction of spiritual civilization and material civilization, cultivated and carried forward the enterprise spirit of "modesty, simplicity, enterprising and upward", enhanced the sense of responsibility of workers as masters and improved their quality. Qi Xin, the collective cadre of the whole factory, worked hard to eradicate the "dirty, chaotic and poor", which made the factory look brand-new, improved the management level of the enterprise, promoted the improvement of product quality and economic benefits, and won the honorary title of "1984 Bureau-level Civilized Unit". The employees of the whole factory are full of pace, aiming at the goal of "three innovations" (further updating equipment, further renovating products and further refreshing benefits) and "three beauties" (beautiful living facilities, beautiful factory greening and beautiful employees' hearts and minds), and constantly climbing upwards, and achieving results. Since 1986, it has been awarded the honorary title of "Shanghai Civilized Unit" year after year.
1985 After the factory director responsibility system was implemented in August, the employees of the whole factory resolutely implemented the spirit and requirements of "enterprises should actively reform internal mechanisms" put forward by the CPC Central Committee, pushed forward the reform, and worked hard, so that the enterprise entered a period of rapid development.
First of all, establish a market information-oriented product development system. In accordance with the business philosophy of high-grade, big market and new technology, a product development center will be established to give full play to the comprehensive advantages of technology, technical equipment and professionals and invest a small amount of money. In addition to developing high-grade, high-value-added thermal transfer pencils, laser pencils and fluorescent pencils, 1986 focused on developing "Alice" brand series cosmetic pens, which filled the gap in China and met the needs of people's material and cultural life. After just four years, it has become the second largest "fist product" of the enterprise. Become the only enterprise in China that produces a series of pen cosmetics.
Second, establish a marketing system with international market competition as the main direction. Positioning the ultimate goal of international market competition, consolidating the relationship between industry and trade, and relying on the main export channels; Explore the agency system and seek new export channels; By setting up a factory in Zhuhai Special Zone to develop a variety of exports, we have done everything possible to expand the export of all kinds of high-end products, explore the international market, and develop to more than 70 countries and regions such as Europe, America, the Middle East, Central and South America, Africa, Southeast Asia and Hong Kong, earning more than US$ 6 million a year at the highest, and taking a leading position in the national pen-making industry.
Third, in view of the weak production technology and equipment in old enterprises, we have paid close attention to technical transformation and technology introduction, and introduced more than 30 sets of technical equipment from West Germany and other countries, so that every key process of pencil production has key professional equipment with international advanced level in the early 1980 s, and the degree of automation and production efficiency of single machine have been greatly improved. While introducing and transforming production equipment, the planned production infrastructure transformation and key expansion projects such as "expansion of refined lead core workshop", "pilot workshop for cosmetic pens" and "imported pirated resin refined core process equipment" have a positive impact on improving existing production conditions, improving product quality and expanding production capacity.
Fourth, based on our factory, we consolidated our base camp, extensively carried out cross-regional, cross-industry and horizontal economic alliances with different systems, and developed three forms of joint ventures with different systems: national joint ventures, state-owned joint ventures and Sino-foreign joint ventures, which improved the self-adaptation, self-development and self-improvement capabilities of enterprises, developed production, increased exports and achieved good social and economic benefits.
Lead No.1 Factory actively deepened the reform and changed the management mechanism, which made the enterprise undergo profound changes and basically realized four key changes: the product structure changed from a single wooden pencil to a variety of products, the management mechanism changed from production to business pioneering, the marketing concept changed from production to economic benefit, and the sales channel changed from single channel to multi-channel. Formed 14 wooden pencils with an annual production capacity of 530 million; There are 37 varieties in 2 series of cosmetic pens, with an annual production capacity of 20 million; 3 series mechanical pencil, 10 varieties, with an annual production capacity of 5 million pieces; There are 2 series and 20 varieties of thin lead cores with annual production capacity of 10. Is a multi-category, multi-variety comprehensive production enterprise, with four series of products.
1990 the whole factory covers an area of 15 194 square meters, with a building area of 20,566 square meters. 562 sets of various types of equipment. Fixed assets (original value)15710.6 million yuan, net value12.09 million yuan. There were 988 employees at the end of the year. The total industrial output value (calculated at constant price of 1990) is 66.933 million yuan. The labor productivity of all employees is 70 158 yuan/person, the total annual profit and tax is 20 million yuan, the profit is130.45 million yuan, and the per capita profit and tax exceeds 20,000 yuan. The main economic indicators have been ranked first in the pencil industry in China. Become the largest enterprise with the highest output, the most varieties, the best benefit and the best reputation in China's pencil industry; It has also become a national key light industrial enterprise. 1990 was approved as the only national first-class enterprise in pencil industry.
Enterprises are not complacent because they have won the title of national first-class enterprises. With the in-depth development of economic system reform, they actively explore effective ways to deepen enterprise reform and accelerate enterprise development, and remain invincible in the fierce market competition. According to the actual situation of the enterprise, consider the comparison, choose the best among the best, and make a decision to transform the state-owned enterprise into a joint-stock management mechanism. After careful preparation and active work,1May, 1992, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government approved the restructuring of China Pencil Factory No.1 from the integration of Chinese and foreign funds into "China No.1 Pencil Co., Ltd.". Enterprises have entered a new era of vigorous development.
For more than half a century, No.1 Lead Factory has been full of difficulties and disasters, struggles, setbacks and successes in ups and downs. The founders and workers of No.1 Lead Factory worked hard to develop the pencil industry in China, creating great achievements and casting a monument with wisdom and painstaking efforts. The glory of China Pencil Factory No.1 will shine forever in the history of China's pencil industry.
Travel through time and space begins at the end of the green apple.
China is a big country with pens, which not only means the absolute number of people who use pens, but also shows that our ancestors used brushes for at least 1500 years. What is even more surprising is that this kind of thing is still in use today and even plays an irreplaceable role because of its practical value. On the other hand, there is a quill pen with a history of thousands of years. Who will use it now except as an antique collection? The profoundness of China culture can be seen here. In cities, oil lamps are destroyed by electric lights, sundials are destroyed by clocks, carriages are destroyed by cars, and firewood is destroyed by oil and natural gas ... This is the result of confrontation between efficiency and benefit.
The relatively mature pencil history is only two or three hundred years; The history of pens is not long, only over a hundred years; The history of ballpoint pens is even shorter, only half a century. Pens change the life of pencils, and ballpoint pens change the life of pens. From the results, the function of pencil has not been completely replaced, and it is still widely used as an economical and effective writing tool. The rise of ballpoint pens basically covers the functions of pens, but it shows respect for pencils. This is a very interesting phenomenon.
For some time, academic circles have devoted great enthusiasm to the discussion of China's modernization process. As the symbol of modernization is difficult to be defined or considered by a single thing, a series of representative events are needed as strong circumstantial evidence, among which the event that can profoundly affect China people's life concept, lifestyle, habits, quality of life and psychological state is the most powerful. The late 1920s and early 1930s were an important period for the overall development of Shanghai's industry and a "modernization" period, in which the rise of China's pencil industry was also included. Although the pencil is small, its influence, especially on the mass class, is by no means under the shipbuilding industry and chemical industry. For example, in schools and other places, pencils have become a temporary choice. So pencil should be one of the indicators, just like the appearance of zipper, which is considered to mark the beginning of an era.
Some people say that everything starts with a pencil, whether it is a costume designer making symbols on clothes, a battle plan or a demonstration of nuclear theory. I think the fact that the annual sales volume of pencils in the world reaches 654.38+0.4 billion is enough to make us pay tribute to this thing that was once used to mean "insignificant" and "insignificant".
◆ Jian Xiao
Tomorrow's audio-visual meeting will be better.
18 years old as an apprentice in a pencil factory. First, I went to the core-making workshop, where graphite and clay were mixed with water in different proportions to make refills. I was assigned to be an oil core worker, helping to bind the refills that have been squeezed by the machine and baked by the electric furnace, and then dipping the refills in grease by hand (now using the machine) to make the refills write smoothly. Because the refill contains graphite black, my face will be black and white when I sweat at work. At that time, when I was young, I thought it was fun to have a big face.
Later, due to the shortage of staff in the pole-making workshop specializing in the production of pens, I was temporarily seconded to learn the pole-making machine. A thick tree folded by several people is sawed to make a pencil board five fingers wide, then the pencil board is slotted, refills are put on it, and finally another pencil board is glued on it, and the pencil board is cut into pencils with a rod breaker.
Later, he was transferred to the finished product workshop to operate the paint machine, and specially painted the natural wooden pencils with colorful colors. At that time, although the factory was a public-private partnership, the mechanization and automation of pencil equipment were still very low. A painting machine must be equipped with two workers: one stands at the nose to control the machine to add paint; Another person stood at the back of the machine, picked up a lot of pencils by hand and put them on the opposite conveyor belt (a pencil needs to be painted more than ten times before leaving the factory). A monitor has been holding back for nearly a hundred times, and his back is sore and backache is exhausted. So, I worked for two years. Until the 1960s, scientists and technicians changed the old-fashioned paint machine into a turntable, so that pencils could automatically turn around, which liberated half of the labor force.
Painted pencils are printed with various patterns or directly fitted with rubber heads and trademarks. In this way, graphite, wood and other raw materials have gone through three workshops and dozens of processes, and finally they have been made into pencils with beautiful appearance and can be used for writing.
I have worked in the No.1 Pencil Factory for more than 40 years and witnessed the development of pencil output from tens of millions in the early 1950s to more than one billion today. The single-story bungalow of that year has become a five-story building today; The number of personnel has expanded from more than 200 to 2,000. Yesterday, I only saw the end of the pencil factory. Today, I experienced the pencil factory. I believe that the pencil factory will have a better tomorrow.
◆ Wen Yong (7 1 year)
Yesterday, Shanghai pencil industry became popular by importing foreign pens.
Sharp tools can do a good job. You must read words with a pen. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the movement of "rejuvenating learning by abolishing theory" rose, and imported stationery such as pencils began to appear in front of Chinese people. At that time, the government did not attach importance to the pencil industry. On the one hand, it lacks specialized personnel, on the other hand, it looks down on these small businesses of copper coins and pencils. As a result, a large number of foreign goods took advantage of it unscrupulously, among which several goods from Germany were the earliest and the most. At the end of 19, Shidelou (chicken brand) pencils were popular all over the country. Then Japanese goods and American goods were imported one after another. By around 1925, Japanese goods surpassed German goods in the first place. According to the statistics in the annual Chinese-foreign trade statistics of the Customs, the number of pencils imported from Shanghai is increasing at a rate of at least 65,438+00% every year. In just 65,438+09,365,438+0 years, the foreign exchange used to import pencils reached 94,936,5438+06 yuan (the customs gold unit is the currency for internal trade settlement, and it is not circulated in the market). 19 19 anti-imperialist and anti-feudal may 4th movement and 1925 anti-imperialist May 30th movement to boycott foreign goods and promote domestic products played a catalytic role in the birth of China national pencil industry.
In the early 1930s, Shanghai's machinery industry, shipbuilding industry, chemical industry and food industry had a little foundation, but the scale was not large. Only the textile industry and flour industry are relatively developed and have a wide business scope. As for the pencil industry, it is still in its infancy. 1932 British businessmen set up Jiulong Dahua pencil factory; In the same year, Tianjin Lu Kaiai opened a Chinese pencil company in Beiping; Later, Shanghai also opened a Chinese pencil factory. Pencil factories in Beiping and Shanghai buy lead cores, wooden poles and semi-finished pencils from Germany or Japan, and process the finished products in China. Due to the lack of technical strength and inability to compete with foreign goods, it was forced to stop production and close down one after another soon after it started.
Pencil manufacturing ranks first in the country.
From 65438 to 0928, Wu, a native of Wujin, Jiangsu Province, went to Yokohama Polytechnic School in Japan to study applied chemistry with the ideal of saving the country through industry. Looking at the developed pencil industry in Japan and the neglect of the pencil industry by Chinese people, he is determined to devote himself to this cause. He shouted: "A pencil consumes millions of dollars of wealth of our people every year. We are here, and the people who feel it necessary to set up this industry as soon as possible are also here. Although the only Dahua pencil factory in China has been established in Kowloon, it is very difficult to keep this factory and resist foreign goods. It is really necessary to promote and develop this industry. " So, after graduating from 1932, Wu went directly to Yamato Pencil Co., Ltd. for an internship, and quietly learned all the tricks of making pencils and the knowledge of running a factory.
1934, Wu, a native of Longxi, Fujian, and Guo Zichun, a classmate, joined hands with Zhang Weishi, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, who graduated from Beiping Institute of Finance and Trade, to set up a pencil factory in XieXu Lu (now Huidong Road) 1 176. After more than a year's efforts, 1935, 10/0. On 8 October, China Standard Domestic Pencil Factory, the first pencil enterprise in China, was officially put into production, which shattered the Japanese prediction that "even if you were in the second generation of Wuding (martial name), you could not make China's own pencil". The low-grade "good students" and "children's" pencils, the middle-grade "saving the country by aviation" pencils and the high-grade "Dingpai" pencils produced by this factory have initially opened up the market in the national anti-Japanese patriotic sentiment and the vigorous "selling domestic products" campaign. Then, in pursuit of victory, he printed "China People Use Chinese Pencils" written by Pan Gongzhan, then director of education bureau of shanghai, on a pencil, made an advertisement and publicized it widely, which further aroused the patriotic enthusiasm of the broad masses of compatriots.
Almost nine times out of ten pencils sold by major bookstores and stationery stores in Shanghai are customized from China Standard Domestic Pencil Factory. In addition, the post office under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Communications and the Railway Bureau under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Railways also ordered a large number of pencils from the factory. From 65438 to 0936, the Ministry of Education ordered the national education departments, education bureaus and all schools to adopt the products of this factory consistently, and students in all schools were also happy to buy and use them.
The embryonic form of national industry has taken shape.
1937 In May, Zhang, a former professor of Tsinghua University and a native of Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, founded the Great Wall Pencil Factory at 635 changshou road, Shanghai. This factory produces "Great Wall" pencils, and its business is booming.
After the "August 13th" all-round anti-Japanese military development, the people of the whole country shared difficulties and went to the national disaster. China Standard Domestic Pencil Factory braved the danger of war, spared no expense in disassembly and transportation, and moved to Chongqing in the rear area for production after a long journey.
1939, Zhang Weishi, Guo Zichun and Wu parted ways, and the same part of shareholders who stayed in Shanghai and Tianjin businessmen founded Shanghai Pencil Factory at No.548 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai. Shanghai Pencil Factory, which has sprung up suddenly, is the most well-equipped pencil manufacturer in China. Japan's Mitsubishi Pencil Factory hates the popular "Samsung brand" pencils, and uses threats, inducements and other means to coerce them, all of which are rejected by Shanghai Pencil Factory.
At this point, Shanghai moved to Chongqing's China Standard Domestic Pencil Factory, Shanghai Great Wall Pencil Factory and Shanghai Pencil Factory, forming the embryonic form of China's national pencil industry.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Ng Wui rebuilt Huabiao Pencil Factory at No.296 Hanyang East Road. After the resumption of production, the products of three pencil factories in Shanghai sell well all over the country and are exported to Nanyang. Pencils, as pioneers of domestic products exported to overseas markets, are the glory of China's national industry.
1August, 949, Wu actively responded to the call of * * * producers and co-founded Harbin Huabiao Pencil Company, the earliest public-private joint venture factory in China. 1950 In July, China Standard Pencil Factory officially approved the public-private partnership, becoming the first public-private partnership enterprise in Shanghai light industry system. 1954 10 was approved by the local industrial bureau of Shanghai Municipal People's Government and merged into Shanghai pencil industry. China Standard Pencil Factory was the first factory of China Pencil Company, a public-private joint venture. Shanghai Pencil Factory is the second factory of China Pencil Company, a public-private partnership. Great Wall Pencil Factory is the third factory of China Pencil Company, a public-private partnership. 1June, 955, Shanghai pen industry company was established, and the word "company" in the original three factory names was removed. 1956, No.3 pencil factory was merged into No.1 pencil factory.
Since then, the pencil industry in Shanghai has turned upside down and entered a brand-new leap-forward era. ◆ Xu Ming
A brief history of related linked pencils
The ancients used the word "lead calligraphy" to call it a pencil (the second edition of Ci Yuan in May, 2004). On the other hand, modern pencils consist of a refill (made of graphite and clay) and a pen holder (made of wood).
1564, the British invented graphite ore. 1565, the British began to select graphite flakes from graphite mines and use them with sawdust. This is the earliest graphite pencil. Because graphite is used instead of lead to make the refill, its color is darker than lead. Graphite looks a bit like lead, so it is still used to weigh pencils until today.
By 180 1, the world's earliest mechanical pencil factory appeared in Germany.