The official NBA season begins on Tuesday of the first week of June 165438+ 10 every year, and is divided into two parts: regular season and playoffs. The regular season is a round robin system, and each team has to complete 82 games; From the end of the regular season to April of the following year, the top eight players in each league, including the champions in each division, are eligible to enter the next round of playoffs. The playoff adopts the best of seven games and four rounds; The final round of the playoffs is also called the finals, and two league champions compete for the highest honor in the NBA-the championship.
The NBA was formerly the American Basketball Association (BAA) founded by 1946, and 1949 was renamed the National Basketball Association (NBA), which has been in use ever since. The association is headquartered in the Olympic Tower at 645 Fifth Avenue, and its current chairman is david stern. The NBA is also one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America.
Logo:
The NBA logo was designed by new york graphic designer Allen Siegel, and first appeared in the official promotional materials of 1969. However, NBA officials have not officially announced the designer of the logo. The logo is a silhouette of a basketball player holding the ball sideways; The whole logo consists of three colors: red, white and blue, which is the same as MLB (Major League Baseball). Siegel explained that this is to "create a visual harmony between the symbols of the two alliances." Many people think that the prototype of the characters on the logo is the former Los Angeles Lakers star Jerry West, and Siegel has also revealed this news; However, NBA officials have always refused to admit that the characters on the logo are a "mystery" because the NBA "has no exact record about the logo designer".
History:
1946, some members of the American Gymnasium Association discussed the establishment of a basketball organization in new york. However, the owners of these stadiums are not very interested in basketball. They already have an ice hockey team, so their initial purpose is only to make their own stadium more fully used in the ice hockey season. June 1946, 1 11Basketball teams were established in gymnasiums including Madison Square Garden in new york, and the American Basketball Association (BAA) was formally established. Maurice Podoff, president of the American Hockey League (AHL), served as the first president of the NBA(BAA). 1 946165438+1October1day, the first official game in the history of NBA(BAA) was held at Maple Leaf Gardens Stadium in Toronto. Toronto Eskimos vs. new york Knicks. * * * 7090 spectators poured into the stadium to watch the game, and new york won 68-66. Philadelphia Warriors won the first NBA(BAA) championship.
1in the autumn of 949, BAA agreed to merge with the then competitor, the National Basketball Association (NBL), which was mainly located in the midwest, to form a major league with 17 teams, and named it the National Basketball Association (NBA). However, in the second season of the new association, the number of teams was reduced to10; And before the 1967-68 season, the number of NBA teams remained below 10.
1954-55 season, the NBA ushered in the first historic reform-the 24-second device was put into use. At that time, because there was no attack time limit in the game, the ball control side often didn't shoot easily, so as not to lose the attack opportunity, and the defender had to foul to regain possession of the ball, so the game was basically spent at the free throw line, which was not only slow in pace, but also low in score. In order to change this situation and make the game faster and smoother, the NBA has formulated a new rule of 24 seconds attack time, and at the same time limited the number of fouls in a single quarter to 6 times. The effect of the reform is obvious. In the first season of implementing the new 24-second rule, NBA teams averaged 93. 1 minute, which was 13.6 points more than last season. Boston Celtics became the first team to average more than 100 points.
In the season of 1953-54, the TV station broadcasted NBA games for the first time. At that time, Dumont TV signed a contract with the NBA for $39,000 to broadcast last season's 13 NBA games. Since 1962-63 season, ABC (American Broadcasting Corporation) has become the main TV partner of NBA, and in 1970 season, it broadcasted the finals to the national audience for the first time.
In 1960s and 1970s, NBA was challenged by American Basketball Association (ABA). ABA, founded in 1967, uses unconventional red, white and blue balls, sets a three-point line, and takes 30 seconds to attack; The openness, entertainment and freedom of ABA were unmatched by NBA at that time. However, ABA went bankrupt in 1976 due to lack of TV broadcast support and financial problems. In the same year, four former ABA teams, Denver Nuggets, new york Nets (now New Jersey Nets), San Antonio Spurs and Indiana Pacers, joined the NBA. Some rules of ABA were later accepted and adopted by NBA: NBA set up the three-point line for the first time in 1979-80 season, and the dunk contest was first initiated by ABA in 1983-84 season.
In the 1990s, NBA began to internationalize. 1992, the American Basketball Association sent the American national team composed of NBA professional players to participate in the Olympic Games for the first time, and won the championship with a victory of 44 points per game. This team composed of top NBA stars is called "Dream Team". In order to gain more commercial benefits, NBA arranges some preseason games and even regular games in Europe, Asia-Pacific and Mexico, which are also called NBA overseas games. 1990-9 1 During the season, the NBA arranged two regular-season venues for Phoenix Suns and Utah Jazz in Tokyo, Japan, which was the first time that an official NBA event was held in non-US and Canada. At the same time, the world's attention to NBA has expanded with TV broadcast. In the 2006-07 season, there were 265,438+05 countries, 465,438+0 languages, and 65,438+088 TV stations broadcast NBA events or produced NBA-related programs. In recent years, in order to attract more excellent players from all over the world, the NBA has gradually relaxed the restrictions on international players; In the 2006-07 season, the NBA had 60 international players from 28 different countries.
1996, the NBA founded the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and in 5438+0, 2006, it founded the National Basketball Development League, now the NBA Development League (D-League). 1999, NBA opened its own TV channel NBA-TV.
Black players:
In the early days, NBA players and coaches were all white. 65438-0947 Wataru Misaka, a Japanese-American, was selected by the new york Knicks in the first round, becoming the first non-white player in NBA history and the first Asian to join the NBA. However, Wataru Misaka was fired after scoring seven points in three appearances for the Knicks in the 1947-48 season. 1950, the Boston Celtics selected Chuck Cooper, a black player from Duquesne University, in the second round, which was the first black player selected in NBA history. In the same year, Nat Clifton (new york Knicks) and Earl Lloyd (Washington, D.C.) were selected together, and Clifford was the first one of them to win the team contract. 1950101October 3 1 day, Lloyd made his debut in the game between Washington Capital and Rochester Royals, and black players set foot on the NBA for the first time. Although racial discrimination in the United States was still quite serious at that time, with bill russell, wilt chamberlain and others making great efforts on the court, black players were gradually accepted by fans and became the protagonists in the NBA. After entering the 1990s, the number of black players began to surpass that of white players. In the 2006-07 season, black players accounted for 75% of all NBA players and black coaches accounted for 40% of all NBA coaches.
1966, Bill Russell became the first black head coach in the NBA. As a player and coach, he led the Boston Celtics to win the championship twice with 1968 and 1969. The NBA also became the first professional sports league with a black head coach. The first black general manager and team owner in NBA appeared in 1972 and 2002 respectively.
Existing team
The NBA has developed from 1 1 teams at the beginning to 30 teams now, and has experienced the establishment of many new teams and the change or closure of old teams. The Boston Celtics are undoubtedly the most successful team in the 60-year history. They won the championship of 17, including the eighth consecutive championship of 1959- 1966. Los Angeles Lakers ranked second with 14 championship. At present, the NBA overlord belongs to the defending champion San Antonio Spurs, and has won three championships in the last five years; But now the most valuable team is the new york Knicks, with a market value of about 592 million dollars in 2007.
The NBA is currently divided into two leagues, three divisions and five teams in each division.
The establishment time of the arena in the city where the teams in the division are located.
Boston Celtic Atlantic Division, Massachusetts, TD North Shore Garden, Boston 1946.
New Jersey Net New Jersey, East Rutherford Continental Aviation Center Arena 1967.
Madison Square Garden 1946, Nichols, New York.
Wachovia Center, Philadelphia 76ers, Pennsylvania 1939.
Toronto Raptors, Canada Air Center Toronto, Ontario 1995
Chicago Bulls, Central District, Chicago Union Center, Illinois 1966.
Cleveland Cavaliers, Cleveland Express Loan Arena, Ohio 1970
Detroit Pistons, auburn hills Palace, Detroit, Michigan 194 1 year.
Indiana Pacers, Conceco Arena, Indianapolis, Indiana, zip code: 1967.
Bradley Center, Milwaukee Bucks, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 1968.
Atlanta Eagle Southeast Georgia Division, Atlanta Philippos Arena 1946
Charlotte Bobcats, Charlotte Bobcats Arena, North Carolina, 2004
Miami Heat, Miami American Air Arena, Florida 1988
Orlando Magic, Orlando, Florida 1989
Washington Wizards, DC, Williamson Center, Washington 196 1 year.
The establishment time of the arena in the city where the teams in the division are located.
Dallas Mavericks, Southwest Area, American Aviation Center, Dallas, Texas, 1980
Houston Rocket Toyota Center, Houston, Texas, 1967
Memphis grizzlies, FedEx Plaza, Memphis, Tennessee. 1995
New Orleans Hornet, New Orleans Arena, Louisiana 1988
San Antonio Spurs, San Antonio, Texas AT & amp； Testing Center 1967
Northwest Denver Nuggets, Pepsi Center, Denver, Colorado 1967.
Minnesota Timberwolves Minneapolis Target Center, Minnesota 1989
Portland Trailblazer Oregon, Portland Rose Garden Arena 1970
Seattle Key Arena, Washington, seattle supersonics 1967.
Utah Jazz Energy Plan Arena, Salt Lake City, Utah 1974.
Oracle Bone Inscriptions Arena, Oakland, Golden State Warriors, California, Pacific 1946
Los Angeles Clippers, Staples Center, Los Angeles, California 1970.
Los Angeles Lakers, Staples Center, Los Angeles, California, 1946
Phoenix National Aviation Center, Sun City, Phoenix, Arizona, 1968
ARCO Arena in Sacramento, Sacramento, King of California 1945
The team has moved or changed its name in history:
Detroit Pistons (formerly fort wayne Pistons), Los Angeles Lakers (formerly Minneapolis Lakers) and Sacramento Kings (formerly Rochester Royals) joined the BAA(NBA) from NBL on 1948.
Philadelphia 76 ers (former Syracuse) and Atlanta Hawk (former three-city Black Hawk) were merged by NBL when BAA and NBL merged 1949.
Indiana Pacers, San Antonio Spurs, New Jersey Nets (formerly new york Nets) and Denver Nuggets were merged by ABA with 1976.
Because the New Orleans Arena, the team's main stadium, was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina, more home games of the New Orleans Hornets in the 2005-06 and 2006-07 seasons were arranged at the Ford Center in Oklahoma City.
Regular season:
There are two important warm-up matches before the regular season, namely summer league and preseason. The NBA Summer League, also known as the Las Vegas League, is held after the draft, and is attended by rookies and players under the age of three. The preseason is held in June 5438+ 10 every year, which is the last warm-up match before the regular season. The list of players in each team's preseason is basically the same as that in the regular season, but the main players rarely play in order to avoid injury, and the head coach also takes this opportunity to practice different lineups. Non-NBA teams are allowed to participate in summer leagues and preseason games, and the NBA will arrange some preseason games overseas.
Every year165438+1Tuesday in the first week of October, the regular season officially kicks off. In the regular season, each team needs to play 82 games, half of which are home and away, including 4 games with teams in the same division, 3 or 4 games with teams in different divisions of the league, and 2 games with another league team; Each team plays against 29 other teams at home at least once a season. NBA is the only league in North America's top professional sports where all teams meet in the regular season. The schedule of the regular season is rather tight. The team has three or four games a week, and each season has different degrees of "back-to-back" and continuous away games. In addition to the opener, the Christmas game is also the focus of the regular season; The games arranged by NBA every Christmas are usually among the hottest stars at present, such as the Cleveland Cavaliers led by LeBron James and the Miami Heat led by Dwyane Wade in the 2007-08 Christmas War. In the regular season, there are also the most valuable players in the East (West) every week and the most valuable players in the East (West) every month.
After entering the regular season, the team can still trade until Thursday 16 of the season, which is the deadline for players to trade. However, after this time, the team can still fire the players in the team or sign a ten-day contract with any player.
All-star weekend:
In February of the following year, the weekly NBA All-Star Game (1999 suspended due to labor disputes) will be suspended in the regular season. Local fans in the United States and Canada vote for the All-Star starting lineup, and fans around the world can also vote through the Internet. The player with the highest votes in each position on the east and west coasts is the starter, and the rest 14 players are elected by the coaches of each team. The All-Star Coach will be the coach of the two best-performing teams on the west coast of Zhou Dong before the All-Star Game (can hold multiple positions, but cannot be re-elected). The player with the best performance from the winners on the east and west coasts will win the MVP of the All-Star Game (usually the player with the highest score). There are a series of performances and activities to attract fans' attention before the All-Star Game. The activities of the whole All-Star weekend include:
Rookie challenge, rookie of the year challenge last year, with MVP award.
In the skill challenge, participants must complete a series of actions such as dribbling, passing, shooting and layup in the fastest time to win.
In the three-point contest, the winner is the one who hits up to three points from five angles within the specified time.
In the dunk contest, the contestants strive to make all kinds of difficult and ornamental dunks, and usually invite the champions of previous dunk contests as judges.
In the mixed shooting competition, teams composed of an active NBA player, an active WNBA player and a retired NBA star shoot at different shooting points as required, and the fastest team wins.
In addition, during the whole All-Star weekend, there are performances of NBA Carnival every day.
Regular season awards:
The regular season ends in April, followed by the playoffs. NBA officials will award some awards one after another, praising players who have performed well in the regular season, and selecting the best lineup, the best defensive lineup and the best rookie lineup.
NBA Most Valuable Player, MVP of the Year, the most coveted award for all players. Comprehensive evaluation is made from the aspects of players' personal ability, influence on the team and team performance.
NBA Rookie of the Year
The best defensive player in NBA and the best defensive player of the year are mostly won by the center.
The NBA's best sixth man, the best bench player of the year, and the number of substitute appearances is definitely greater than the first time.
The player with the fastest progress in the NBA and the player with the most annual data improvement.
The best coach in the NBA and the best team coach in the league may not get this honor, but they are usually coaches who are good at tapping the team's potential and leading the team to achieve unexpected results.
The unofficial award "Best Coach in NBA" issued by sports news magazine has been widely recognized.
NBA sportsmanship award, praising players who play fairly.
The Walter Kennedy Citizen Award is awarded by the Professional Basketball Writers Association to recognize players who are enthusiastic about charity activities.
Playoffs:
The NBA playoffs begin in late April every year, and eight teams on the east and west coasts are eligible to enter the playoffs. The champions in each division of the East-West League and the second place in the best division form the seeds of the semi-finals, and these four teams rank first to fourth in turn according to the regular season results. The other four teams ranked fifth to eighth in terms of results.
The playoff adopts the best of seven games system. Except for the finals, the home court allocation method is 2-2- 1- 1 (the finals are 2-3-2). The side with four home games will play at home in the first, second, fifth (if necessary) and seventh (if necessary). The home advantage against both sides is not determined by the seed ranking, but by the results (winning percentage) of both sides in the regular season. So if a division champion is the fourth or even the third seed, but the winning percentage in the regular season ranks behind the fifth in the league, then the first round against the fifth or sixth seed may have no home advantage (compare the results of both sides). Seed ranking only determines the trend of the team in the playoffs.
After three rounds of elimination, the two teams that won the east and west coast championships will enter the final. NBA Finals are usually held in June every year, and the system of seven games is 4 wins, 2-3-2. The better performance of both sides will get the right to the first, second, sixth (if necessary) and seventh (if necessary) home games, and the worse performance will get the right to the third, fourth and fifth consecutive home games (if necessary). When one side wins four games first, the series ends and the winning team will win the NBA championship. The champion team will win the Larry O 'Brien Cup, and the best player (usually the champion team player) will win the finals MVP. Each champion will also receive a championship ring with the team logo and the year of winning.
NBA championship data sheet
The number and year of the team's championship.
Boston Celtics 17 1957, 1959- 1966, 1968- 1969, 1974,/kloc-.
Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers141949-1950, 1952- 1954, 1972, 1980,/.
Chicago Bulls 61991-1993, 1996- 1998.
San Antonio Spurs, 2003, 2005, 2007
Philadelphia/Golden State Warriors 3 1947, 1956, 1975.
Syracuse National Team/Philadelphia 76ers 3 1955, 1967, 1983.
Detroit Piston 3 1989- 1990, 2004
New york Knicks 2 1 970, 1973.
Houston Rockets 2 1994- 1995
Baltimore bullet 1 1948
Rochester Royals/Sacramento Kings
St Louis/Atlanta Hawks 1 1958
Milwaukee bucks
Portland Trailblazers 1 1977
Washington Bullet/Wizards 1 1978
Seattle supersonics team 1 1979.
Miami Heat 1 2006
Baltimore Bullets is the only team that disbanded and won the NBA championship. The Baltimore bullet here refers to the Baltimore bullet founded by 1947, not the Baltimore bullet, the predecessor of the Washington Wizards (1963- 1973).
Labor relations:
The NBA Players' Union is called the National Basketball Players' Association (NBPA), which was founded on 1954 by former Boston Celtics star robertjoseph cousy. Responsible for negotiating with the team boss on behalf of the players and safeguarding the interests of the players. The executive director of the trade union is billy hunter, and the current chairman of the trade union is derek fisher of the Los Angeles Lakers. Collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is a contract between NBPA and NBA, which is the basis of all players' contracts. The latest labor agreement was signed in 2005, and the service period is from 2005-06 season to 2010-1season. The NBA has the right to extend the agreement to 20 1 1- 12 seasons. If the two sides have great differences in the negotiation process and fail to reach an understanding, it is likely to cause a lockout. 1998, because the NBPA rejected the NBA's proposal to reduce the player's salary from 57% to 48% of the BRI and set up a hard salary cap, the NBA closed the arena and stopped all commercial activities from July of 1 year until June 20 of the following year, when the two sides reached an agreement and signed a new CBA. The 7-month lockout of 19 1 day was the longest lockout in NBA history. The regular season of 1998-99 was finally compressed to 50 games, and the All-Star weekend was also suspended. Players lost $400 million in wages, while the team and NBA lost nearly 10 billion.
Team salary ceiling and luxury tax:
Salary cap, also known as salary cap, is the maximum amount that can be used for players' salary expenses after deducting dividends from 565,438+0% of team-related income (BRI) last season and dividing by the total number of teams (30). If the team's total salary exceeds the salary ceiling, it will not be possible to sign any players (but you can still get any players using special terms). The NBA also has a luxury tax level, which is calculated by subtracting the dividend from 6 1% of last season's BRI and then dividing it by the total number of teams (30). Teams with a total salary above this level need to pay luxury tax to the NBA, and the excess is taxed at 100%. But the NBA also has a lower limit of the total salary of the team, which is 75% of the salary cap. If the total salary of the team does not reach this amount, it will also be fined and the amount will be refunded to the team players. But basically the total wages of all teams are above the salary cap. From July 1 every year, there will be a player trading protection period of at least one week, during which the team cannot sign and exchange with any player; On the first day after the end of the protection period, the NBA will announce the salary ceiling and luxury tax level for next season. From the moment of announcement, the team transaction for the new season will be officially launched.
On July/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/day, 2007, the NBA announced that the salary ceiling for the 2007-08 season was $55.63 million, and the luxury tax level was $67.865 million. Last season (2006-07 season), five teams had to pay luxury tax, and the new york Knicks with the highest tax was as high as $4,565,438+10,000.
Special terms:
Special terms and conditions are special cases of salary caps. Including Larry Bird clause, middle class clause, million exception, basic salary exception and so on. Teams whose total salary exceeds the salary ceiling can use these terms to sign with any player. However, the group also has restrictions on the use of these terms. For example, the middle class clause can only be used by one player every season, and the million exception cannot be used for two consecutive seasons.