Also known as capital channel and payment channel, all payment systems need to build channels first.
Taking the e-commerce platform as an example, generally speaking, three-party payment institutions and banks are connected by two types of channels; The three-party payment institutions are WeChat and Alipay. We are all familiar with it. Banks are mainly direct channels between banks and enterprises, providing some solutions for fund collection and payment for the platform. Between merchants and third-party payment, there is also fourth-party payment. Four-party payment is an extension of third-party payment platform services.
The third-party payment is between the bank and the merchant, and the fourth-party payment is between the third-party payment and the merchant. There is no restriction on the payment license.
Clearing institutions such as UnionPay and Netlink are mainly operating institutions that provide online payment and clearing platforms for non-bank payment institutions and banks.
The central bank is the clearing center and the lowest level of all payment and clearing businesses. We often use Alipay and WeChat bank cards to pay (the balance payment of WeChat and Alipay belongs to the internal account payment of tripartite payment, and there is no actual fund flow settlement, but it is the clearing center of the central bank).
The bottom of the enterprise's payroll is the clearing center of the central bank, which is commonly used as follows:
Micro-system: Also known as micro-batch payment system, it is one of the systems built by the People's Bank of China. The transaction is carried out in the form of batch packaging, and the working time is 24 hours. Banks package and send requests every 2 or 4 hours according to their own needs, so the arrival time of small-scale systems is uncertain.
For small-scale systems, there will be trading restrictions on trading funds, and the trading amount cannot exceed 5w, and those exceeding 5w must be enlarged.
Large-sum system: Also known as large-sum real-time payment system, it is also one of the systems built by the People's Bank of China. It uses a single transaction, and the working hours are usually from 8: 30 am to 5: 00 pm on weekdays. Some banks define their own system running time during this period, such as closing at 4 pm.
There is no limit to the transaction funds, and any amount can be transferred by using the large-value system (there is no capital limit of 5w), but the handling fee will be slightly more expensive than the small amount, and the arrival time is real-time, and the supported banks are also the most extensive at present.
Super online banking: Super online banking is also called the "second generation payment system" in China. It uses a single transaction with a transaction amount of 5w, which is free to customers and operates continuously for 7*24 hours. At present, most banks have joined the super online banking, and basically, commercial banks in large, medium and small cities in China have joined the super network system.
However, there are still a few dozens of city commercial banks that have not opened the super online banking channel, so the transfer system commonly used in our daily life is very likely to pass through the background super online banking channel because of its fast arrival and low cost.
Taking the direct channel of the docking bank as an example, the following are the main steps of interaction between the platform and the bank. According to experience, the time from business negotiation to final business cutting is about 1- 1.5 months.
Among them, about 1 week for business negotiation, 1 week for product design, 2-3 weeks for development and testing, and 1 week for joint debugging. The joint adjustment with banks mainly depends on the efficiency of banks.
In channel docking, many roles of various departments are involved, including business, products, technology, testing, finance and operation personnel. The general job responsibilities of each role are as follows:
Channel information evaluation table is an important basis for evaluating channel quality and determining channel priority before access, which requires the cooperation of business, products, technology and other personnel.
The channel evaluation form includes the following aspects:
Basic information such as channel name:
After completing all the above things, the product manager can participate in the business plan of the channel online and observe the cutting quantity according to the business plan; Generally speaking, it takes about 2 weeks for small channels to go online, and the transaction data should be closely observed. If there is any abnormality, the channel routing can be switched in time.
The channel of "nine floors, starting with tired soil" is the most basic payment. Only by fully understanding the channels can we make the most reasonable and perfect payment plan.
A channel in a broad sense is actually a channel for payment information transmission as long as it can complete the transmission of payment information and promote the completion of transactions or other forms. Let's make a broader classification of channels, from channel providers or channel forms to elaborate.
Bank channel:
That is, banks provide channels for three-party payment institutions to receive, pay, prepay and authenticate; And the direct communication channels between banks and enterprises provided to enterprises; Bank payment channels include express delivery channel, gateway channel, withholding channel, advance fund channel and pre-authorization channel.
Network unionpay channel:
After the direct connection is disconnected, the online UnionPay channel packages the channels of commercial banks to third-party payment companies, which is basically similar to the bank channel and meets the needs of various payment business scenarios such as agreement payment, commercial entrusted payment, gateway payment and verification payment.
Channels of tripartite payment institutions:
It is a payment channel provided by third-party payment institutions to merchants, such as WeChat, Alipay and yeepay.
Self-built virtual generalized virtual channel:
As a platform, we will use more kinds of payment methods in some trading scenarios, which can all be called channels, such as the balance payment channel for realizing the transaction payment of virtual balance on the platform with our own accounts; Card voucher payment channel, integral payment channel, etc.
So to sum up, channel construction is actually the infrastructure of payment, and the ultimate goal is to complete the interactive transmission of payment information and promote the completion of payment transactions.
We won't introduce the WeChat Alipay channel too much. Just look at the payment documents in official website and everything will be clear. You can access it according to the access specification.
Based on business needs, we need to enter a new channel. For example, we need to access a payment channel. After market research, we selected "a payment channel product of Xiamen Bank".
Through business, we contacted the channel service department in Xiamen. After a brief talk, we reached an agreement on related matters, such as fees and so on.
At this time, we will get the bank's channel access file package, which contains all the contents you need, technical support, and real-time communication if you don't understand.
Generally, with the interface document package, product design and technical design can be started; Product design is mainly to check the business interaction logic of the channel and the related field requirements of payment request and return, so as to write the product requirements document. According to the technical requirements of the document, the technicians begin to design the technical framework and scheme, and are ready to start work.
Payment channel package:
Basically, it is the channel itself, including the definition of the channel, access methods and other information. The contents of the file package are as follows:
Formal and signature package products can be ignored. The product mainly depends on the interface documents, and the requirements are as follows:
As we can see from the table of contents, documents usually contain the following parts:
Overview of the agreement: mainly explain the technical requirements, technical specifications, access technologies, etc. This part of the technology is enough.
Business interface specification: This is the definition of the input and output parameters of the core payment interface, and it is also the core part of the product Bala requirements. We can see what fields the interface needs, such as serial number, merchant ID, amount, etc. So that we can design the protocol that the payment processing core should encapsulate.
For example, let's look at the definition of 3. 1 transaction interface:
Define interface:
Request parameters when submitting payment:
No matter how the platform handles it, as long as it meets the requirements of the channel interface, the payment can be completed.
The requested interface returned:
After reading the definition of this channel interface, is it suddenly clear that you know how to design the payment system and how to encapsulate the information? Other interfaces have similar logic, such as account balance query interface and transaction result query interface.
Channel return code:
Channel return code is the communication language of both parties, which tells you whether it is success or failure and what is the reason for failure. Of course, based on business needs and user experience, we generally don't show the code returned by the channel directly to users. Instead, it encapsulates a layer, making it easier for users to understand and experience better.
Usually, a platform will access many types of channels. Although the channel is only the interface combination of some columns, at this time, only the interface research and development in the program can not meet the business needs. A channel management background is needed to manage each accessed physical channel.
For example, channel management list: manage the basic information of each channel, such as channel name, channel code identification, channel bank, channel type, channel contact person, etc. The channel coding identifier is the ID that uniquely identifies the channel by the platform. For example, the final choice of a router is actually to choose a channel ID.
Channel certificate, just like when we pay through the gateway and jump to bank online banking, we need to download a security certificate or insert a U shield, which can be maintained in the basic information of the channel; We can manage channels as users, and channels also have portraits of channels.
Author: Chen, an old driver who can play guitar and tell fortune, WeChat official account: Chen.
The title map comes from Unsplash and is based on CC0 protocol.