For a long time, due to the nonstandard use of workers and the lack of effective management system for front-line construction workers, labor disputes such as wage payment and industrial injury claims often occur in construction enterprises. Based on the labor management regulations of construction enterprises, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of front-line construction workers, and formulates a set of effective management measures for front-line construction workers' attendance, wage payment, labor protection, labor contract, safety skills training and other issues. In practice, it has played a good management role in standardizing employment and avoiding labor disputes.
1 Current situation and existing problems in the management of construction workers in China
1.1 Current situation
The construction industry is the pillar industry of the national economy and shoulders the heavy responsibility of national capital construction. Construction workers are the main employees in the construction industry, undertaking the heavy construction tasks in the front line of construction. Construction workers have provided the guarantee of human resources for the rapid development of the construction industry and made indelible contributions to the national economic construction. However, due to the lack of effective management mechanism for front-line construction workers in construction enterprises, labor disputes often occur, many labor disputes can not be resolved in time, and the disputes gradually escalate into vicious incidents such as petitioning and blocking roads, which not only affects the development of construction enterprises themselves, but also hinders the rapid development of the construction industry and the construction of a harmonious society. How to establish an effective management system for construction workers, improve the quality of workers and reduce the occurrence of labor disputes is an urgent problem facing the government, industry and enterprises. As the direct manager of front-line construction workers, construction enterprises shoulder this heavy responsibility. The implementation of the new "Labor Contract Law" puts forward higher requirements for construction enterprises, which urges them to standardize and strengthen the internal labor-related rules and regulations, and speed up the construction of the rapid settlement mechanism for workers' attendance, wage payment and labor disputes in construction enterprises.
1.2 problems
In the construction labor management market dominated by construction workers, there are some problems that need to be solved urgently. There are six main reasons: first, some project managers arbitrarily employ workers, and their management is chaotic, illegally transferring business risks, which seriously infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of construction workers and hinders the development of construction enterprises; Second, the vocational skills training of construction workers is seriously insufficient, and there are problems of lack of organization and difficulty in organization. The quality of employees is low, which directly brings hidden dangers to the safety and quality of engineering construction; Third, the construction workers are huge, loose and disorderly, which brings difficulties to the management of construction enterprises and increases the risk of labor disputes; Fourth, some enterprises take the package as the escrow agent, losing control of subcontracting, resulting in out-of-control on site and frequent safety and quality accidents; Fifth, some subcontractors do not consider the construction of the team and the improvement of the quality of the operators, but use a large number of construction workers with low prices and lack of experience to maximize the difference in labor costs, with little or no investment in safety and quality, resulting in the construction of some projects treading on thin ice. Sixth, frequent labor disputes have seriously hindered the development of enterprises and social harmony.
2 Overview of the achievements of domestic labor service management at present
In view of how to establish an effective management system for construction workers, improve the quality of workers and reduce the occurrence of labor disputes, all localities have tried their best to solve this problem. In particular, the competent department of the construction industry has issued many effective management methods in the form of documents. For example, Tianjin Construction Committee, based on the principle of harmonious development, regulates the management of labor and employment, and promotes and deepens the real-name management system for construction workers in the construction industry. They require all project sites to establish an electronic account of construction workers' attendance, and establish an online uploading system of construction workers' real-name registration system filing information. All construction units are required to sign labor contracts according to law except temporary employment. This system of Tianjin Construction Committee has further strengthened the wage payment guarantee mechanism for construction workers, improved the wage payment monitoring system for construction workers, and cracked down on malicious arrears of wages for construction workers according to law. Zhuhai City and Shenzhen City in the south carry out the measures for the management of construction workers' safety cards, requiring all the personnel who carry out front-line operations and on-site management on construction sites, including construction workers, construction site managers and supervisors, to pass the examination and obtain a "safety card" and punch in the construction site with the safety card. Those who have not obtained the safety card are not allowed to enter the construction site. Construction enterprises and supervision enterprises shall not employ persons who have not obtained a safe card on the construction site; In addition, in recent years, the Construction Management Bureau of Qingdao Construction Committee, which is responsible for the management of 2, construction workers, has also actively explored the management of construction workers according to the characteristics of construction workers under the new situation, and established a system of rules and regulations, and has embarked on a road from extensive to intensive, from loose to standardized.
The introduction of these policies by the administrative department shows that the competent department recognizes the importance of managing front-line construction workers and has formulated measures in view of the existing problems in the management of front-line construction workers. However, in practice, the direct executors of these policies are construction enterprises. Only when construction enterprises truly realize the importance of front-line construction workers' management will they make great efforts to solve this problem. Otherwise, they will only be supervised by policies and not implemented, and construction enterprises will only deal with their superiors, and these policies will only be empty documents. It can be seen that it is far from enough for the management of front-line construction workers to rely on the documents of administrative departments. The key is that construction enterprises should formulate a set of effective measures for the management of construction workers in light of their own characteristics.
3 How to establish an effective labor service management method
The author's unit is a national first-class general contracting enterprise for housing construction projects and a first-class general contracting enterprise for municipal public works. In the process of construction, it is often plagued by labor disputes such as salary payment and industrial injury claims. In one vivid dispute case, the company's labor department realized that the key to solving labor disputes is to prevent disputes and strengthen basic management. Based on the actual situation and the labor management regulations, the company made an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of front-line construction workers, and formulated a set of effective management measures for front-line construction workers' attendance, salary payment, labor protection, labor contract, safety skills training and other issues. In practice, it has played a good management role in standardizing employment and avoiding labor disputes.
3.1 standardize the employment behavior of enterprises and adhere to the real-name system management
3.11 adopting real-name system management in construction sites is an important basic work of employment management in construction industry. The company's labor department started with the system and formulated the attendance system. First of all, we should check the employment, and ask any professional team leader to carefully examine his/her documents when recruiting construction labor, and not to use construction workers with incomplete documents. All new workers should provide the project department with a copy of valid legal ID card and a photo. The labor administrator of the project department will run the attendance magnetic card well within 3 working days according to the information provided by the workers. After the attendance magnetic card is run well, the team leader will be responsible for informing them to get the card from the labor administrator of the project department and sign it, and start to use the magnetic card for attendance. Punch time is determined by the project department according to the project situation. If the workers leave or change halfway, the team leader should report to the project department one day in advance for cancellation or registration of labor services. Temporary workers and workers who didn't get a magnetic card signed attendance at sign-in desk, a temporary worker, and took a photo stub in front of the camera. In addition, the team leader shall check the attendance of the workers in this team. On the 1st of each month, the team leader shall submit an attendance sheet to the project department, which shall be checked by the labor administrator of the project department. If the check is consistent, the team leader shall sign the attendance sheet for confirmation. If it is inconsistent, the reason shall be found again, and it shall be signed by the team leader for confirmation after verification.
Punching records and attendance certificates will be used as the basis for monthly salary payment. Attendance punching accurately grasps the entry and exit of construction workers, and then improves the management level of real-name system by combining computer management means, realizing data and dynamic management.
3.12 Secondly, in order to ensure that workers can receive their wages in time and in full, the company has specially formulated a salary distribution management system. When the worker comes into the site, the team leader shall provide the daily salary of the worker to the project department, and the piece-rate salary shall be calculated according to the actual quantities checked by the project builder. The team leader shall calculate the wages of the workers according to the checked attendance sheet (if the wages are calculated by piecework, they shall be charged separately), and submit them to the project department before the 8th of each month after signing for confirmation, and the labor administrator of the project department shall post a notice after checking them correctly. If the workers have any objection to the salary, they must raise it within three days after the publicity. If they fail to raise it, it will be deemed that they agree with the salary amount. The project department posts the time and place for each team to receive wages. When paying wages, workers hold their ID cards to receive wages, and sign and affix their handprints on the payroll.
for individual workers who have to leave before the stipulated pay day, the team leader must inform the project department one day in advance, and pay them three days later. The wage payment management system can accurately grasp the labor settlement and wage payment of construction workers.
3.13 when workers leave the factory, they must sign a wage settlement undertaking. At the same time, when the workers sign the attendance card, they sign the labor contract. After the expiration of the labor contract, the settlement of labor wages and the completion of engineering tasks, the labor relationship will automatically terminate.
3.2 adhere to the credit filing system of the construction team leader (team leader)
The construction team leader is the key personnel in team management, and the enterprise should take effective measures to prevent the construction team leader with poor credit evaluation from entering the construction site. Construction enterprises carry out their own credit assessment and evaluation, establish a list of qualified teams for construction teams, establish a list of qualified teams for enterprises in the Group, give full play to the role of this group in using established teams, and reduce and eliminate irregular employment and illegal employment behaviors with institutionalized management. First of all, it is necessary to strictly implement the examination and approval system for the access of construction teams used by enterprises and the credit rating evaluation system at the end of the year, and use the system to control the employment of enterprises; Secondly, priority should be given to the use of reputable construction teams, and construction general contracting enterprises should establish long-term strategic partnerships with reputable labor service enterprises.
Thirdly, we must resolutely put an end to the entry of construction teams with poor industry credit evaluation or without industry and enterprise credit evaluation.
4 key issues to be solved by effective labor management methods
4.1. Take the project as the axis and the system as the starting point, strengthen the integrated management of migrant workers, standardize the employment of enterprises, and enhance the corporate image
In view of the phenomenon that construction workers like to do odd jobs in various construction sites, construction enterprises carry out the attendance system at construction sites, allowing front-line construction workers to punch in, and adopt the attendance system to standardize the employment management of enterprises, which also protects the rights and interests of construction workers more clearly and clearly. At the same time, the basic starting point of strengthening the integrated management of construction workers with the project as the axis is realized, and subcontracting is brought into the enterprise management system, thus truly strengthening the control of enterprises on the first line of construction production. On the one hand, the management of construction workers should be strict and semi-militarized. The work and rest system for migrant workers must be made mandatory according to relevant laws and regulations. On the other hand, the management of migrant workers should reflect the human touch everywhere. Create a beautiful environment, complete living facilities, clean, civilized, warm and harmonious home for migrant workers in the project department. Enhance the corporate image.
4.2 Work-related injuries and wage disputes clearly define the responsibilities of enterprises
Construction workers are more flexible in employment. Sometimes when there is no work on this site, they may take part-time jobs in other nearby sites, but this also causes inconvenience in management, and even it is difficult to determine which construction enterprise is responsible in the event of an accident. In order to standardize management and distinguish responsibilities with evidence when an accident occurs, the company's labor management personnel came up with a way to punch in. With the punch card machine, when the workers are at the construction site and when they leave, there will be a clear record, so that the construction enterprise can grasp the situation of workers' entry and exit and flow, and avoid the losses caused by poor management.
4.3 Construction enterprises can monitor the payment of wages for various projects throughout the process
In the past, after construction workers earned their wages through hard work, some of them were often intercepted by team leaders or managers, or some team leaders did not pay them to workers at all after receiving the money. The establishment of the wage distribution management system ensures that wages are really distributed to construction workers. And publicize the actual amount of wages paid at the construction site to ensure the fairness and authenticity of wages. Construction enterprises can also set up a notice column for migrant workers' rights protection in all projects, so that migrant workers can feel at ease, feel at ease and have a sense of belonging. In order to ensure that the management is not out of shape, the construction enterprises will also implement a monthly salary payment monitoring system. Collect and analyze the wage information of construction workers every month, and form the monitoring information of wage payment for each construction worker and project. Deal with wage arrears in a timely manner.
Because the promotion of this system standardizes the employment management, it is also feasible to organize the labor competition between subcontracting management and operation management, which can commend outstanding subcontracting teams and individuals. And through the time limit for a project award, quality award, material saving award and civilized construction site award, it reflects its orientation of high quality and good price. At the same time, at the end of each year, 1% of the subcontractors whose management is not up to standard will be eliminated. In addition, 2% of the qualified subcontracting teams and teams that have passed the audit and management standards will be absorbed. The operation of this incentive and elimination mechanism clearly shows the construction workers what to do and what not to do, and the quality and safety of the project are naturally improved.
4.4 Strong operability and low cost
The above aspects are highly operable for every link of workers' attendance, salary distribution and labor contract signing, and the hardware facilities used in actual operation, such as punch card machine, monitoring, attendance card, card rack and computer, are low in cost and do not increase much management cost. However, in practice, it has played a very good management effect on standardizing employment and avoiding labor disputes, and it has strong operability. Moreover, front-line workers also recognize the standardized management of the company. Under such management, they are more secure and truly achieve the effect of small expenses and big profits.
4.5 let the advanced corporate culture of construction enterprises infiltrate the building
On the basis of standardizing employment, construction enterprises can set up amateur schools for migrant workers in various projects. Through the carrier of amateur schools for migrant workers, the purpose of education and training for construction workers can be achieved, and many requirements in project management can be achieved, so as to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results on the basis of ensuring the realization of enterprise goals.
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