In the sixth year of Zhong Ping (189), Dong Zhuo, the secretariat of Xiliang, entered Luoyang, abolished Shaodi, made Xian Di Liu Xie, and later killed the Empress Dowager and Shaodi, claiming to be a surname and specializing in state affairs. Seeing Dong Zhuo's perverse behavior and unwilling to cooperate with him, Cao Cao changed his name and surname and fled the capital Luoyang.
When Cao Cao arrived at Liu Chen, he "scattered his wealth and joined his righteous soldiers." Organize an army of 5000 people to prepare for a crusade against Dong Zhuo.
In the first month of the first year of Chuping, Xian Di (190), Guandong County raised troops against Dong Zhuo, and * * * promoted Yuan Shao as its leader. Cao Cao participated in soliciting Dong Jun as a deputy leader, and Dong Zhuo coerced Xian Di to move to Chang 'an in February, and stayed in Luoyang to resist the Kwantung Army. Dong's Liangzhou Army is brave and good at fighting, and the Kwantung Army has100000 people stationed in Zizyphus jujuba. No one dares to enter Luoyang. Cao Cao thought he should take the opportunity to fight a decisive battle with it, so he led the army westward alone. Cao Cao went to Xingyang Bianshui and confronted Xu Rong, the general of Dong Zhuo. Because of the disparity in strength, Cao Cao was defeated, and most of the foot soldiers were killed or injured. He was also injured by the flow vector, but was saved by his cousin Cao Hong. Back in Zizyphus jujuba, Cao Cao suggested that the armies should take their positions, and then divide their forces into five levels to besiege Dong Zhuo, but the generals in Kanto refused to follow.
The Kwantung Army named after Dong Zhuo actually has ulterior motives and intends to wait for an opportunity to develop its own power. Soon, there was friction between the troops, and they fought each other.
In the third year of Chuping, Stuart Wang Yun and Lu Bu planned to kill Dong Zhuo in Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo captured Chang 'an, killed Wang Yun, attacked Lu Bu, and Guanzhong was also in war. At that time, the prefectures and counties were step by step, forming a situation of vassal separatism.
In the third year of Chuping, Qingzhou Yellow Scarf Army made great progress, even breaking Yanzhou County and attacking Yanzhou Secretariat Liu Dai. Hebei Beixin and others welcomed Cao Cao as Yanzhou shepherd. Cao Cao and Bao Xin joined forces to attack the Yellow Scarf. Bao Xin died in battle. Cao Cao defeated the yellow turban insurrectionary. More than 300,000 people were killed and the population exceeded one million. Cao Cao, with his elite, formed an army named Qingzhou Bing.
In the fourth year of Xian Di Chuping, Cao Cao invaded Xuzhou and expanded his power to the southeast. Xuzhou grazing, retreated to Tanxian County. Soon Cao Cao's provisions will be exhausted, and he will retreat to the army. The following summer, Cao Cao levied Xuzhou again, just to the East China Sea. During Cao Cao's expedition to Xuzhou, he was repeatedly killed, and along the way, "chickens and dogs were scattered and there were no pedestrians in the market."
Liu Chen satrap Zhang Miao and Chen Gong were dissatisfied with Cao Cao, so they rebelled against Cao Cao and welcomed Lu Bu as Yanzhou shepherd.
At that time, only Juancheng and Dong 'e counties, that is, Fan and Dong 'e, were still under the control of Cao Cao, while Sima, Shou, Cheng Yu and Dong 'e satrap Xia Houdun kept to them. Cao Cao rushed back from Xuzhou and invaded Puyang. After more than a hundred days of stalemate between the two armies, the plague of locusts rose sharply and the two sides stopped fighting.
In the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao's whole army fought against Lu Bu again, and Lu Bu fled to Xuzhou to take refuge in Liu Bei.
In July of the first year of Jian 'an, Xian Di returned to Luoyang, devastated by Dong Zhuo's rebellion. Guan Bai has no place to live and no food.
In August of the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao went to Luoyang to appear before Xian Di. Immediately, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was taken hostage and moved to Xu County (now Henan). Cao Cao achieved the advantage of "relying on the emperor to make the princes". Cao Cao was appointed as a general and Wu Pinghou. From the second year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao took advantage of his political advantage of "relying on the emperor to make the princes" and began his war to destroy heroes and unify the north.
At that time, in the north of Cao Cao, Yuan Shao occupied Hebei, Hebei, Youqing and Qinghai. To the south, it is the Yuan Shu occupying Yangzhou; In the southeast, it is Lu Bu who occupies Xuzhou; Zhengnan is Liu Biao who occupies Jingzhou; To the west, are the generals of Guanzhong. In addition, after Zhang Ji's nephew Zhang Xiu surrendered to Liu Biao, Dong Zhuo was stationed in Wanxian (now Nanyang, Henan), posing a threat to Xu Du.
In September of the third year of Jian 'an (198), Cao Cao invaded Xuzhou and attacked his old enemy Lu Bu. Under the offensive of Cao Jun, Lyu3 bu4' s army experienced ups and downs. In December, Lu Bu surrendered Hou Cheng, Song Xian and other Lu Bu counselors to Cao Cao. When Lu Bu saw that the tide was gone, he surrendered to the lower city. Cao Cao executed Lu Bu and Chen Gong, and took back Lu Bu, Cang Ba and Sun Guan, and initially took control of Xuzhou.
At that time, Yuan Shao was the strongest among the pack. Cao Cao arranged in advance to order Cang Ba and others with potential influence in Qingzhou to attack Qingzhou and occupy Qi (now Linzi, Shandong Province), Beihai (now southeast of Shouguang, Shandong Province) and other places to consolidate the right wing; He also ordered a general to guard Yuan Jun on the south bank of the Yellow River. Soon, Zhang Xiu obeyed Jia Xu, the counselor, and surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao was overjoyed and worshipped Zhang Xiu as General Yang Wu, which relieved his worries. In December of this year, Cao Cao led an army to Guandu (now Zhongmou North, Henan Province) to prepare to meet Yuan Shao.
After Tao Qian's death, Liu Bei once worked as a herdsman in Xuzhou. After that, Xuzhou was captured by Lu Bu, and Liu Bei went to Cao Cao. Cao Cao thought Liu Bei was a hero, and successively named him a shepherd and a left general. Shortly after Cao Cao captured Xuzhou, Yuan Shu of Huainan was ready to flee to Qingzhou to go to Yuan Shao, and Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to intercept him. In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Dong Cheng and others plotted against Cao Cao and were killed by Cao Cao. Liu Bei then attacked, killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, and occupied Xuzhou.
In order to avoid being attacked before and after fighting Yuan Shao in the future, Cao Cao decided to destroy Liu Bei, who was unstable in Xuzhou. At that time, people were afraid that Yuan Shao would take the opportunity to attack Xu Du. Cao Cao was very thoughtful about this and said, "Liu Bei is an outstanding man. If we don't attack him today, there will be endless trouble. Although Yuan Shao is ambitious, he is too late to be moved. " Then, he marched straight in, breaking Liu Bei with lightning speed, and Liu Bei fled to Yuan Shao.
KOEI's "The True Three Kingdoms are Unparalleled 5" Cao Yuan Shao was the most powerful force in the north at that time and the most powerful enemy for Cao Cao to unify the north. Since Yuan An, Yuan Shao's great grandfather, the Yuan Yuan family has been "three terms and four generations" and "one's intimate party followers and students are all over the world", and its influence has been great. After Yuan Shao acquired the land of Hebei, Hebei, Youqing and Qinghai, his strength increased greatly, with hundreds of thousands of people. Yuan Shao, his eldest son Yuan Tan, his second son Yuan, and his nephew are divided into three states: young, secluded and peaceful. The rear area is impregnable and there are plenty of soldiers and food, so they don't care about Cao Cao at all. He selected 100,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 war horses in order to wipe out Cao Cao in one fell swoop. In February of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao ordered general Yan Liang and others to invade Baima (now north of hua county, Henan Province) and led the army into Liyang (now east of Xun County, Henan Province) to crusade against Cao Cao.
Cao Cao's strength is much weaker than Yuan Shao's. The area south of the big river occupied by Cao Cao is very small, and it is the land of four wars. It's shabby, not fully recovered, and the materials are not as rich as Yuan Shao's. Cao Cao's troops are far less than Yuan Shao's, and the total strength is only tens of thousands. According to the "Emperor Wu Ji", "the number of soldiers is less than 10,000, and the wounded are twelve or three". Liu Song and Pei Songzhi think that this figure is not accurate, and Cao Cao's troops will not be so small, but there is no problem that Cao Cao's troops are far less than Yuan Shao's. When Yuan Shao's army attacked, many people were shocked. Cao Cao comforted the generals and said, "I know Shao as a man, who is ambitious but wise, strong in color but weak in courage, evasive and weak in strength, with many soldiers and unclear plans, and arrogant and different." Although the land is vast and abundant, it is enough to serve me. " Cao Cao knew Yuan Shao very well. When Yuan Shao was about to be besieged by an army, he dared to pull out and attack Liu Bei. It is based on this understanding.
In February of the fifth year of Jian 'an, Yuan Jun, Yan Liang and others besieged Baima, and the war began. In April, Cao Cao personally led the troops north to solve the siege of the White Horse. He adopted Xun You's plan, pushed the army to Yanjin (now north of Yanjin, Henan, west of Baima), made a gesture of crossing the river to attack Yuan Jun, and attracted Yuan Jun to divide his army and March westward, then suddenly turned and pounced on Baima. When Cao arrived suddenly, Yuan Jun was caught off guard. Guan Yu "spurs the people, beheads their heads, and spares the generals". Yuan Jun was defeated and the siege of the White Horse was solved. Cao Cao rescued the white horse soldiers and civilians and retreated westward along the Yellow River. Hearing this, Yuan Shao immediately crossed the river and chased Cao Cao. Seeing the pursuers approaching, Cao Cao ordered the sergeant to release his saddle and put the trench on the road. Yuan Jun chased his troops, fought for trenches, and created chaos. Cao Cao led the only cavalry to fight out suddenly, defeated the pursuers and attacked another general of Yuan Shao, Wen Chou. Yan Liang and Wen Chou are famous generals in Yuan Jun. Yuan Jun was very shocked when the two generals were killed respectively. Cao Cao won the first battle, took the initiative to retreat and continued to guard Guandu.
In August, Yuan Shao's army marched into Guandu from east to west for dozens of miles, relying on sand piles as chariots. Cao Cao divided his forces and held on, waiting for an opportunity. Yuan Jun raided Cao Cao's camp. First, paddle high, raise a pile of soil, shoot arrows at Cao Cao from above, and then dig tunnels to attack Cao Cao from underground, all of which were broken by Cao Cao in corresponding ways. The two armies have been at war for nearly two months. After a long battle, Cao Cao fell into an extremely difficult situation.
In October, Yuan Shao brought more than 10,000 wagons of grain and hay from Hebei, and sent general Chunyu Qiong and others to guard the camp with more than 10,000 people, and camped in the Wu Dynasty four miles away from Yuan Shao's camp. Just then, Yuan Shao's counselor Xu Yuan voted for Cao Cao and offered him a plan to sneak into the bird's nest. Cao Cao was overjoyed. He led 5,000 chosen men and sneaked into Wu's lair through the path at night. When he reached Wu's lair, he ordered people to set it on fire. Yuan Jun chaos, Chunyu Qiong refused to keep the camp. Hearing this, Yuan Shao quickly sent troops to save him. When Cao Cao saw the left and right, he said, "The thief is riding a little closer. Please divide your forces and refuse." Cao Cao said angrily,' There are thieves behind you, and it's for nothing!' All foot soldiers fight to the death, so break it and cut Joan, etc. Burn their food and grass. "Lombardi heard that Cao Cao attacked the Wu Dynasty and thought it was a good opportunity to attack Cao Cao's camp, so he sent fewer reinforcements and besieged Cao Cao's camp heavily. However, before Cao Cao's camp was broken, the news of the failure of the Wu Dynasty came, Yuan Jun was scattered, and General Zhang He and others surrendered to Cao Cao. Yuan Shao abandoned the army and fled back to the north of the Yellow River. So Cao Jun won a great victory, beheaded more than 70,000 people, and won the book treasure of Yuan Jun. Cao Cao counted Yuan Shao's letters and got the letters written by his subordinates to Yuan Shao. He burned them and said, "Shao is strong, loneliness can't protect himself, and everyone is in danger!" "
Cao Cao was at a disadvantage, but because of the correct strategy and tactics, the war turned into his own advantage, and through his own subjective efforts, he finally won.
In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, the biggest enemy, and it is the general trend to unify the north.
In the seventh year of Jian 'an, Yuan Shao died of illness, and Yuan Shao's son Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang were at odds. Yuan Tan was defeated by Yuan Shang and begged Cao Cao to surrender.
In February, the ninth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shang's invasion of Yuan Tan, marched in and besieged Yecheng. Yuan Shang led the army back to the rescue, taking Qiushui as the camp, and Cao Cao attacked the camp. Yuan Shang was afraid and asked for surrender, but Cao Cao refused. Yuan Shang fled at night and failed. Yuan Shang fled to Zhongshan. Cao Cao ordered people to surrender to the defenders of Yecheng with the seals and cymbals seized from Yuan Shang, and the fighting spirit in the city collapsed. Yecheng was attacked by Cao Cao. In the first month of the second year, Cao Cao conquered Yuan Tan and pacified Jizhou in the name of breaking the contract. So Cao Cao turned Yanzhou pastoral into Jizhou pastoral.
After Yuan Shang's defeat, he fled to Youzhou, where he served as the secretariat of Yuan Xi. Soon, Yuan Shang and Yuan fled to Wuhuan County.
In the twelfth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao decided to go on an expedition to Wuhuan in order to eliminate the remnants of Yuan and completely solve the problem of the invasion of the three counties. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the three counties of western Liaoning, eastern Liaoning and right Beiping merged to form Wuhuan, and its leader was Tadun in western Liaoning. Wu Huan, the third county, has always made friends with Yuan, repeatedly invaded the border and plundered people and property. In May of this year, Cao Cao led the army to infinity. It was the rainy season and the road was flooded. "The horses and chariots are too shallow and the boat is too deep." Cao Cao has changed from endless discussion of land to a long-lost route, but there is still a path to be found. Cao Cao's army, led by Tian Chou, climbed up Xuwu Mountain and went out of Lulongsai, "more than 500 miles in the valley", pointing to Liucheng, Wuhuan's lair. Jin Jun arrived less than two hundred miles away from Liucheng and was discovered by Wu Huan. So Tadun, Yuan Shang, Yuan and others led tens of thousands of cavalry to meet them. In August, the two armies met, and Cao Jun was behind the trench. "There were few armored people" and the enemy was very strong. Cao Cao climbed to the top of the hill and saw that although there were many enemy troops, their positions were uneven, so he ordered Zhang Liao, the general, as a pioneer, to take advantage of the slight movement of enemy lines and launch a fierce attack on them. Wu Huan army chaos, jun array cut tower dun, a complete victory, Hu, Korea surrendered more than 20, Yuan Shang and others fled to Gongsun Kang, Pingzhou. At this time, Cao Cao was advised to attack Gongsun Kang. Cao Cao listened to Guo Jia, his counselor, and said, "You can send them to business and defend them, and don't disturb the soldiers." Then he led the army back to the division. Soon, Gongsun Kang killed Yuan Shang and Yuan and presented their heads to Cao Cao. Unknown so and general Cao Cao said, "I'm afraid to wait. If I'm in a hurry, I'll work together. If I'm slow, I'll draw by myself." As a result, Cao Cao captured the three counties of Wuhuan and completely eliminated Yuan's power. In the same year, Guo Jia died before Cao Cao returned to the north because of acclimatization and bad weather. Gongsun Kang killed Yuan Shang and Xijing in Guo Jiazhi's surprise.
In June of the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao abolished the three fairs, resumed the prime minister system, and became the prime minister himself.
After Cao Cao basically pacified the north, the soldiers turned south. In July of the 13th year of Jian 'an, Liu Biao marched into Jingzhou. In the movie, in August of Cao Cao, Liu Biao died of illness, and his son Liu Cong took over as Jingzhou Pastoral. In September, Cao Cao's army marched into Xinye. Liu Cong thought it was unstoppable and gave Jingzhou people a chance to surrender to Cao Cao. At this time, Liu Beitun, who defected to Liu Biao after the Battle of Guandu, was stationed in Fancheng (now Xiangfan, Hubei). When he heard that Liu Cong had surrendered, he led his troops to retreat to Jiangling. Jiangling is an important town in Jingzhou, with a large number of military supplies. Cao Cao heard that he was afraid that Jiangling would fall into the hands of Liu Bei, so he personally led five thousand cavalry to gallop three hundred miles from Xiangyang, chased Liu Bei in Dangyang Changban, defeated his army, and then occupied Jiangling.
Because Cao Cao's March threatened Sun Quan's rule, Sun Quan ordered Zhou Yu, a general, to lead 30 thousand troops to join forces with Liu Bei to resist Cao Cao.
Cao Cao went from the east of Jiangling to Chibi and joined forces with Sun and Liu, which was not good for him. He was temporarily stationed in Wulin to confront each other across the river.
Zhou Yu used the trick of pretending to surrender, and ordered the general Huang Gai to lead ten small warships, loaded with firewood and filled with ointment. He pretended to surrender and headed for the north shore. When he left Cao Ying for two miles, all the ships were lit, and then with the help of the wind, they rushed at Cao Jun. Cao Jun was defeated and the ship was burned. Cao Cao led the army to retreat to Jiangling from Huarong Road by land. Then I withdrew my troops and went back to the north.
After Cao Cao's defeat in Chibi in his later years, Cao Cao took some measures to stabilize his internal affairs. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao issued an order for seeking talents, saying, "Today is undecided, and this urgent need for seeking talents is also ... My second and third sons help me to be bright and humble, and my talents are unique, so I can use them." Cao Cao put forward the employment policy of having both ability and political integrity, aiming at recruiting talents as widely as possible.
In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao began to attack Guanzhong. In March, Cao Cao sent a captain, Zhong You, to lead General Xia to invade Guanzhong in the name of crusade against Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. Ma Chao, Han Sui, Yang Qiu, etc. were suspicious and turned against each other for a time. Cao Cao immediately sent general Coss to attack Guanzhong, and Ma Chao and others were stationed in Tongguan. In July, Cao Cao led an army to personally expedition to Guanzhong. In September, the Guanzhong armies were defeated. Ma Chao and Han Sui fled to Liangzhou, and Yang Qiu fled to Anding. In October, Cao Cao invaded to maintain stability, Yang Qiu surrendered, and the Guanzhong area was basically stable.
In the eighteenth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao rose up and claimed to be 400,000 yuan, personally conquering Sun Quan. In the first month of the following year, Cao Jun went to ruxu to break Sun Quan's camp in the north of the Yangtze River and capture his general GongSunYang alive. Sun led 70,000 troops to ruxu to resist Cao Jun. The two armies were at loggerheads for more than a month, but each got nothing. Cao Cao saw that Sun Quan was strong and hard to win, so he withdrew his troops and returned to the north. In may,
In March of the twentieth year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao saw that Liu Bei had left Yizhou and Hanzhong was the gateway to Yizhou. "Without Hanzhong, there would be no Shu State." Liu Bei is bound to seize Hanzhong. So Cao Cao took the lead and led hundreds of troops to personally expedition Zhang Lu in Hanzhong. In July, Cao Cao's army entered Yangpingguan. Zhang Lu heard that Yangpingguan fell and fled to Bazhong. Cao Cao marched into Nanzheng and won all the treasures in Zhang Lu. In November, Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao and Hanzhong was owned by Cao Cao.
After Cao Cao's main force withdrew from Hanzhong, Liu Bei then attacked Hanzhong. In the twenty-third year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei led the army into Yangpingguan, and Xia and others confronted Liu Bei. In July, Cao Cao personally led the army to Guanzhong, sitting in Chang 'an, so as to command the Hanzhong war situation at any time. In the first month of the 24th year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei crossed Mianshui (now Hanshui) from Yangpingguan south, advanced along the mountain and settled in Dingjun Mountain (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province). Xia School and Liu Bei fought for the terrain, and were killed by Huang Zhong, and suffered a great defeat. Cao Cao abandoned Hanzhong and all the troops withdrew to Chang 'an.
In July of the 24th year of Jian 'an, just after Cao Cao withdrew from Hanzhong, Guan Yu, the general of Liu Bei, launched an attack from Jingzhou to his southeast defense line Xiang and Fan. Hearing this, Cao Cao immediately sent a general Yu Jin to lead the troops to save Fan Cheng. In August, Guan Yu broke through the forbidden area by flood, unified the seven armies and banned birds. He took advantage of the situation to behead Pound and then surrounded Fancheng. There were only a few thousand Cao troops in Fancheng at that time, and the city was flooded. The water was only a few feet away from the tower, and Coss led the army to defend. Cao Cao sent Huang Xu to save Fancheng. In October, Cao Cao rushed to Luoyang from Guanzhong and personally directed the rescue of Fancheng.
Sun Quan didn't want Guan Yu's influence to develop, because Guan Yu was in the upper reaches, and he already had the heart to seize Jingzhou, so he joined forces with Cao Cao and prepared to attack Jiangling, the important place of Jingzhou with General Monroe. After receiving the letter, Cao Cao informed Coss of the news and ordered him to stick to it. He arrived in Mobei (now southeast of jia county, Henan), near the headquarters. He sent the 12th battalion to reinforce Huang Xu and ordered him to fight back against Guan Yu. Soon, Lv Meng successfully captured Jiangling. Guan Yu retired and was captured and killed by Sun Quanjun on the way.
After Sun Quan captured Guan Yu and captured Jingzhou, Cao Cao named Sun Quan a general in title of generals in ancient times and a shepherd in Jingzhou. Sun Quan sent messengers to pay tribute to Cao Cao, urging him to call himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty. Cao Cao showed Sun Quan's book to ministers at home and abroad and said, "It is my son who wants to sit on the fire!" " "Cao cao's ministers took the opportunity to persuade cao cao. Cao Cao himself did not want to abolish Xian Di's independence. He said, "If fate belongs to me, I will be Zhou Wenwang. "
In the first month of the 25th year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao returned to Luoyang. That month, he died in Luoyang at the age of 66. In October, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Han Dynasty, with the title of Great Wei, and Cao Cao as emperor, with the temple name Mao.
Zhuge Liang (word Kong Ming,no. Wolong, Langxie, Han nationality, an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period, was called Zhong Wuhou.
Cultivate Nanyang
In the second year of Jian 'an (AD 197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong, Nanyang. The songs that Liang often reads often compare himself with Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong. People didn't agree with him at that time. Only friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believe in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching.
Longzhongdui
At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when I went to Si Mahui, I heard him say, "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know the times care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu. Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge. How can they know the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time only Long Fu (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong). Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to be introduced by Xu Shu, but Xu Shu said: "This person can meet, but he can't compromise. "The general should be white. This person can go to see him, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit each other. )"
Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang and met Zhuge Liang three times (he said he met Zhuge Liang all three times). Liu Bei told others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty is dead, the traitor stole his life, and the Lord was covered with dust." Loneliness, I want to believe that righteousness is above the world, and my wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is still not over. Do you think the plan will be safe? Now that the Han Dynasty is in decline, treacherous court officials are holding the emperor to make the princes and emperors lose power. I didn't measure my virtue and ability, and wanted to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short-lived and insufficient, so I often failed today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) "Liang replied:" Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and took the weak as the strong, which was not only in the right place at the right time, but also in harmony with people. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he lived in Jiangdong for three generations, and the country was in danger of the people. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is both the emperor's palace and loyal to the four seas. He is a hero, eager for wisdom. If there are advantages and interests, he will protect his rock resistance, he will be brave in the west and brave in the south, and he will do a good job in foreign relations and domestic politics with Sun Quan. If the world changes, a general will be ordered to lead Jingzhou troops to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. Who dares to meet the general without eating kettle pulp? If this is the case, hegemony will be realized and the Han family will prosper. " (Zhuge Liang then told him the plan of three-point world, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help; It also expounds that Jing and Yi monarchies are weak, and only by owning these two States can they win, indicating the necessity and possibility of capturing these two States. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Dui (Longzhong Dui is still controversial, it is said that Cao Lu Dui), and Liu Bei was even more full of praise after listening to it, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei). Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased. Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. May you say nothing more. I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. I wish you would stop talking about it. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining.
Make a statement about crossing the river.
At that time, Liu Biao's son Liu Qi became increasingly dissatisfied with Liu Qi because of his stepmother's influence. Liu Qi attached great importance to Zhuge Liang, so he asked Zhuge Liang for self-defense several times. However, Zhuge Liang often refused, and Liu Qi used the method of taking the ladder from home at a banquet to let Zhuge Liang tell the solution. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger and Zhong Er is safe outside?" Shen Sheng has not been seen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is at stake. Can Zhong Er be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi knew what he meant, but Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture.
In August 2008, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was tricked into Cao Cao's territory. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Before Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. When he arrived in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan, and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy: "If you can compete with Wu Yue people for the world, it is better to break up with them as soon as possible (if you can compete with Wu Yue people for the country of the Central Plains, it is better to break up with Cao Cao as soon as possible)", and the other choice is to provoke him "If not, why not put the case in the north and let it go! If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! " "North" has a double meaning here: first, Cao Cao was in the north, and second, officials usually face the north when the monarch and the minister meet. )"
Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 soldiers in the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus more than 10,000 soldiers in Jiangxia, Liu Qifan. Let's talk about Cao Jun's tiredness from afar. He chased Liu Beishi and rode a light bicycle for more than 300 miles a day and night. It is precisely "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Tao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan was very happy, and then he was lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to unite with Cao. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army. 165438+ In October, Cao Cao defeated Chibi and returned to the north.
Adequate food, weapons and equipment
After Battle of Red Cliffs, in 65438+ February, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan, appointed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, and ordered Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties to adjust taxes to enrich military assets. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang asked Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. In 65438+ February, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. By 2 14, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou.
Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei, who suffered repeated defeats. In 220, Cao Pi usurped Han independence. In 22 1 year, ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was killed, and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to declare himself emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Beicai agreed to let Zhuge Liang remember the history of the prime minister and have a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei died and Zhuge Liang became a captain.
(usually a dying emperor) entrusted his youngest son to (usually a minister)
In August 222, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang lamented that the Dharma was dying, or Liu Bei's crusade would stop. In February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an, and entrusted Li Yan to handle the affairs. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. ) "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to use my strength, be faithful and die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei wants Liu Chan and other sons to be Zhuge Liang's father, but he can only be with Zhuge Liang.
In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it.
south
Until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal and a curved cover. He advocated one before and one after, with 60 warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is today's northern border of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on the policy. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled the chaos in the world in autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details). The rich resources in the south of Shu and Han provided military services for the country. When Shu became rich, he began to train and prepare for the Northern Expedition.
northern expedition
In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (AD 227), Zhuge Liang took the model to see his late master and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. Wei Nan 'an (Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui and Anding (Jichuan, Gansu) immediately fell to Shu. Wei Mingdi went to Chang 'an to supervise the war, while Cao Zhen supervised the right army, and adopted the strategy of giving priority to defense. At first, the Shu army took Gu Jielu as a threat to capture the county seat, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the troops (now northwest of Shaanxi Baocheng) as suspected troops, and Zhuge Liang led the troops to attack Qishan in the west. Ma Su, who joined the army, led an army as a pioneer and was stationed in the street pavilion. Ma Su command error, defeat, lost the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold and had to return to Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su, wrote to him three times, and became the prime minister as a right general.
In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (AD 228), Wei Jun attacked Wu on the third road, and Guanzhong was empty. Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition again. The Shu army went through the big three passes this time, besieged Chencang for more than 20 days, and all the food was gone.
In the seventh year of Jianxing (A.D. 229), Zhuge Liang led four northern expeditions. The Shu army marched westward, occupied Weiwudu and Yin Ping counties, and then returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.
In the 9th year of Jianxing (AD 23 1), Zhuge Liang cut Wei for the fifth time, and used wooden cattle to transport grain around Qishan. Sima Yi was the commander-in-chief and supervisor of the resistance movement. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from a long distance and the food logistics was limited, and insisted on taking risks and refusing to fight. Zhuge Liang appointed Li Yan to be responsible for the logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang and the emperor ordered his retreat. After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, he lied to the court that withdrawing troops was to lure the enemy. After Zhuge Liang came back, he signed the list with many soldiers, impeached Li Yan, saved him as Shu Ren and exiled him to Zitong.
In February of the 12th year of Jianxing (AD 234), Zhuge Liang made the sixth northern expedition and led a large army out of the oblique valley. This time, I made an appointment to attack Wei at the same time. However, Wu Dong has been slow to send troops. Until May, Sun sent Lu Xun to camp in Jiangxia and Miankou (now Hanzhen, Hubei) and attacked Xiangyang, while Sun Quan himself led the army to encircle the new town. In this regard, Wei Mingdi's strategy is to defeat Wu Dong first. He personally led the water army eastward, made Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, insist on not fighting and let the Shu army retreat. However, when Sun Quan learned of Wei Zhu's intention, he thought that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered losses, that is, he ordered all the troops to withdraw. On the western front. In view of the lessons from the past, Zhuge Liang divided his troops and settled in the field, intending to be stationed for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died at the front, at the age of 54. The Shu army retreated across the board. Liu Chan is useless. The Shu army was defeated.