Wei Yan is a long word, from Yiyang. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is unfair to write Wei Yan as an anti-thief. I think you may have understood this point, so I won't expand it here. Wei Yan was an outstanding military general of Shu in history. Wei Yan followed Liu Bei to Jingzhou. Because of his courage and boldness, when Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, he specially named Wei Yan as the satrap of Hanzhong, so that "the whole army was shocked." Wei Yan said to Liu Bei: "If Cao Cao comes from all corners of the country, please refuse for the king;" I will send 100 thousand people, please swallow it for the king. " (see "reflection". Shushu. Biography of Wei Yan). Wei Yan's plan to attack Chang 'an during the first Northern Expedition of Shu Army can also fully demonstrate Wei Yan's extraordinary courage. And Wei Yan himself is good at fighting. Wei Jun was defeated twice in the Northern Expedition. "Fei Yao, the general of Wei, Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, and Yuyangxi and Yanda Pohuai in Zhan Yan." (See reflection. Shushu. "Biography of Wei Yan") and "Liang made Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban refuse and break it, and they got a head of 3,000, a lead of 5,000, and 3,100 crossbows" (see "Three Kingdoms"). Shushu. Zhuge Liang passed on Pei and quoted Hanshu Jin Chunqiu. In Shu at that time, Wei Yan was second to none in terms of qualifications and prestige. For such an excellent military general, people have always criticized Zhuge Liang for not being reused and "not doing his best." But is Zhuge Liang really "not doing his best"? In discussing whether Zhuge Liang should reuse Wei Yan, I think we should first consider how to reuse it and discuss it clearly. The word "reuse" means "(put someone in an important job)" after looking it up in the dictionary. Then let's see how Zhuge Liang "used" Wei Yan. According to the reflection. Shushu. "Biography of Wei Yan" records: "In the first year of Wen, Hou Ting was its capital. In five years, Zhuge Liang was stationed in Hanzhong, with Yan as the former commander-in-chief, and led the prime minister Sima and Liangzhou envoys to secretariat. In eight years, Yan Xi was recruited into the Qiang nationality, ... and he was made a former military adviser and a general of the Western Expedition. He was appointed Duke of Nanzheng as soon as he was on holiday. " History of the Three Kingdoms. Shushu. Biography of Zhuge Liang is quoted from History of Han, Book of Jin, Spring and Autumn. Pei: "In May, I was relieved, which made Zhang Henan recruit Wang Ping, and the road to the case became clearer. Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to refuse, and suffered a crushing defeat. He won the first 3,000 rank armour, 5,000 collar armour and 3,100 crossbows, and Wang Xuan returned to camp. " As can be seen from the above records, Zhuge Liang should say that Wei Yan has always been valued. Wei Yan has been in the forefront of anti-Cao in Hanzhong for more than ten years since he was the governor of Hanzhong in the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an. During this period, Liu Bei marched eastward, Zhuge Liang marched southward, and the north remained stable, relying entirely on Wei Yan to guard the north. In Hanzhong, Wei Yan often established a solid defense line in the north of Shu by the tactics of "leading troops to encircle", and cooperated with Liu Bei's eastward expedition and Zhuge Liang's southward expedition from the side, showing his outstanding military talent. Because of this, after Zhuge Liang was stationed in Hanzhong, Wei Yan was the former commander-in-chief, leading the prime minister Sima and Liangzhou to secretariat. Wei Yan has always been entrusted with a heavy responsibility, but it is a pity that Zhuge Liang "ignored public opinion and pulled the blame" when he came out of Qishan. In the eighth year of lite, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan to lead an army into Qiang and Nan 'an, and defeated Wei Jiang Guo Huai and Fei Yao. In May of the 9th year of Jianxing, Sima Yi ordered Zhang Heshu and Shan Zhinan, two generals, to turn from the middle road to the light. Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to defeat Sima Yijun and made great gains. How can it be said that Zhuge Liang has been reused by Wei Yan? In addition, I am here to answer the question about Zhuge Liang's attitude towards Wei Yan in Wu Yuge's "Strange Injustice through the Ages". 1. Brother WOWOO said, "Zhuge Liang refused Wei Yan. Zhuge Liang rejected almost all Wei Yan's suggestions and did not adopt them. " Wei Yan's plan to attack Chang 'an has considerable defects. I have explained this point with many comrades, so I won't do it here. As for Zhuge Liang's complete denial of Wei's plan, it is also problematic. Because every time Wei Yan's suggestion is basically the same as the plan he put forward when he came out of Qishan. Wei Yan's plan is to surprise. Only when Wei Jun is unguarded, can it receive greater attack effect. Once Wei Jun strengthens the defense in Guanlong area, the effectiveness of Wei Yan's plan will undoubtedly be greatly reduced. Because Wei Jun was unprepared for the first time and was not adopted, in the later Northern Expedition, Wei Jun obviously strengthened its defense against Guanlong area. Can such a plan be adopted? Secondly, Brother WOWOO said, "Zhuge Liang abandoned Wei Yan Er and adopted the attitude of abandoning Wei Yan instead of using it. The emergence of Lushan is an obvious example. " This is also untenable. Because as I have said above, Zhuge Liang did not reuse Wei Yan when he went out to Qishan, and entrusted important tasks to Wei Yan several times. Even in the last Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang still used Wei Yan as the pioneer and overseer in front. Third, Brother WOWOO said, "Zhuge Liang is suspicious of Wei Yansan, and Zhuge Liang is suspicious of Wei Yan. He always felt that Wei Yan was disobedient, inconvenient and unruly, and he would resist if he doubted for a long time. So Wei Yan always uses it without believing it, and uses it without observing it. For the contradiction between Wei Yan and Yang Yi, it is also "deeply pregnant with talents, relying on Wei Zhiyong, often hating their unfairness and not being able to neglect something", and adopting a conciliatory attitude has not been fundamentally resolved, thus leaving behind future troubles. Even after hearing the provocative slander against Wei Yan, he thought he was a "confidant". This will inevitably lead to the situation that Wei Yan may "rebel" after Zhuge Liang. " Zhuge Liang is suspicious of Wei Yan, fearing that he will rebel after a long time, which is even more difficult to test. On the contrary, "I deeply cherish my talents, rely on Wei Zhiyong, often hate their unfairness and can't bear to neglect them", which just shows that Zhuge Liang has always been good at employing people and doesn't blame them for their well-prepared employment concept. Sun Quan's evaluation of Wei Yan is not slanderous. If it is really slander, Wei Yan should obey orders after Zhuge Liang's death and not engage in "military remonstrance." But in fact, Wei Yan is really "disappointing" and Sun Quan is right. After Zhuge Liang's death, the personal contradiction between him and Yang Yi developed to the point of inseparable. He almost let 100,000 Shu troops die at his hands and was in danger of being wiped out. Fourth: Brother Wowo said: "Zhuge Liang is' defensive' to Wei Yansi, and even tried to get rid of it. Zhuge Liang regarded Wei Yan as an alien force of Shu Han and took an attitude of stopping or even trying to destroy him. When Zhuge Liang was critically ill, he put aside Wei Yan. "Mi and Chang Shi Yang Yi, Sima Fei [Wan Wei], Jiang Wei, the garrison army, withdrew, delaying Jiang Wei's ranking; If you delay or don't do it, the military will spontaneously. This deployment is bound to cause Wei Yan's dissatisfaction. "And who is Wei Yan? When Yang Yi slaps his hand, he will break it!" As a result, the contradiction between Wei Yan and Yang Yi intensified and Wei Yan was killed. Isn't this a fake Yang Yi who took Wei Yan's head? How hard you work! ! ! ! "If Zhuge Liang regards Wei Yan as a power, why do you want to' take Yan as the former governor and lead the Prime Minister Sima and Liangzhou secretariat'? Moreover, Zhuge Liang did not abandon Wei Yan when he died. " Later, Jiang Wei followed; Whether it is delayed or not, the military is spontaneous. ""Delay "is to follow the example of Cao Cao's expedition to Zhang Xiu, and Jia Xu assumed that Cao Cao would put a valiant soldier at the end of the army to cover the troops' retreat. On the contrary, it can better reflect Zhuge Liang's trust in Wei Yan. The "order" here is that Wei Yan was ordered to cover the troops. Only in the case of "delay or disobedience" can "the military order be spontaneous", which shows that it depends entirely on Wei Yan's own attitude towards the execution of this order. There is no intention of leaving Wei Yan behind. As for Zhuge Liang to take Wei Yan's head with Yang Yi's hand, this is even more nonsense. If Zhuge Liang wants to kill Wei Yan, there is no need to fake Yang Yi's hand. Before retreating, we only need to ambush dozens of knife and axe men in the tent and invite Wei Yan to come, so we can annihilate them in one fell swoop. What's the difficulty? Why risk the enemy's rear and the Shu army's infighting again? Did Zhuge Liang really disregard the lives of hundreds of Shu troops? Let me compare Wei Yan and Zhao Yun again. Let's start with qualifications. Zhao Yun followed Liu Bei much longer than Wei Yan, even longer than Zhuge Liang himself. He can be said to be the founding elder after Guan and Zhang. On military talent again, Zhao Yun is not necessarily inferior to Wei Yan. In the battle of Dangyang, Zhao, his successor, had to avoid many risks; The Battle of Hanshui gave full play to Zhao Yun's military command ability. (Let me say a digression here first. Zhang Liao's "Megatron xiaoyaojin" has always been compared to a model of winning more with less. However, I have always felt that Hanshui World War I was even worse than xiaoyaojin World War I. Zhao Yun's performance was a real "empty city plan", and Zhang Liao was using Sun Quan's foothold; Zhao Yun faced Cao Cao, a great strategist who was extremely clever, and Zhang Liao faced Sun Quan, who was "shorter than the array". At that time, Zhao Yun had only one little-known tooth general, zhang yi, and Zhang Liao had such famous men as Li Dian and Le Jin as wings. As for being a teacher by example and personal qualities, Wei Yan is far from Zhao Yun. "Chengdu is established, and the cloud is the general of the army. In the first year of Jianxing, he served as General Jun, General Zhengnan, General Yongchang Hou and General Zhendong. In five years, he entered Hanzhong with Zhuge Liang. "(see the reflection. Shushu. Zhao Yunchuan "). During the first Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang lost because "the cloud and the direct forces were weak and the enemy was strong, but he United the masses and could not hold on." (see Zhao Yunchuan); "Jieting army retreats, soldiers don't record each other, Shibuya army retreats, and soldiers don't lose each other." "After the cloud body is broken, the military assets will not be abandoned, and the soldiers will pity each other." (See Legend of the Cloud). But even an excellent general like this, who wins by defeat, still needs to be demoted to the general of the town army, but Zhao Yun himself has no objection to this. On the other hand, Wei Yan said: "Every time we delay, we have to hire 10,000 soldiers to be in Tongguan aboveboard. Like the story of Han Xin, the light is not allowed. I often say that I am embarrassed and sigh and hate. " (See Biography of Wei Yan). It is such a founding father, an outstanding military general with both ability and political integrity, whose honor and official position may not be higher than Wei Yan's. Even in lite five years, zhaoyun should say or wei yan's subordinate officials. If some friends on the Internet classify Zhao Yun as Zhuge School according to the "Brother Tai" series, wouldn't Zhao Yun be more incompetent, indignant and even commit suicide by jumping off a building? Only through comparison can we find the gap of the problem. Comparing Wei Yan and Zhao Yun, can we say that Zhuge Liang did not reuse Wei Yan? As brother WOWOO said, Wei Yan is a person with equally outstanding advantages and disadvantages. If we carefully read the History of the Three Kingdoms, we can find that Wei Yan and Guan Yu are strikingly similar in many places. Guan Yu is "righteous and proud" and Wei Yan is "high in sex"; Guan Yu is "kind to foot soldiers" and Wei Yan is "good at raising foot soldiers"; Guan Yu was "arrogant to literati" and Wei Yan "avoided it at that time". A general who is not good at uniting teams is not a good general. In the end, Guan Yu "lost in the short, and it is common to manage numbers"; If the military power is entrusted to Wei Yan, who can guarantee that Wei Yanxi will follow in the footsteps of Guan Yu? (Moreover, when commenting on Wei Yan and Yang Yi, Chen Shou also said that "it's all his own fault. "What kind of person can be regarded as a real soldier? What are the duties of soldiers? As a soldier, the first task is to obey the orders of superiors and carry out their principles and intentions. As a real soldier, we should always put the interests of the country, the people and the army first, instead of haggling over personal gains and losses. During Wei Yan's Northern Expedition, it should be said that Zhuge Liang's orders could still be fulfilled with all his heart. Although he has his own ideas, he can also take obedience as his responsibility. It should be said that at this point, Wei Yan should be worthy of recognition. But after Zhuge Liang's death, did Wei Yan still have this consciousness? Wei Yan said, "Although the Prime Minister is dead, I have seen him today. If the government has a close relationship with the official family, the funeral can be buried. I should lead all the troops to attack thieves. Why should I use one person to kill the evil in the world? And who is Wei Yan? When Yang Yi slaps his hand, he will break it! " (See Biography of Wei Yan). If we carefully reflect on what Wei Yan said, we can draw such a conclusion. First: Wei Yan wants to continue to complete the Great Northern Expedition. "Why does the cloud single-handedly abolish the evil in the world? " ; Second: I want to express myself. "Although the Prime Minister is dead, I see myself"; Third: I don't accept Yang Yi. "And who is Wei Yan? He wants to take care of Yang Yi's department and make the final decision! "Wei Yan's above three thoughts, except the first one, can be said to be for the country and the people, and the latter two are entirely for personal purposes. Wei Yan's disregard for public and private interests and disobedience to Zhuge Liang's withdrawal order is an act of violating the law and discipline, ignoring the overall situation and harming the interests of Shu and Han countries. Openly disobeying orders, engaging in personal disputes, resulting in disregard for national and military security. Get ahead of the retreating troops, destroy the plank road south without authorization, and attempt to engage in "military remonstrance." "At that time, the Shu army was in danger of being stuck. Wei Yan led the troops to intercept before, and Sima Yi led the troops to chase after. If it weren't for the ingenious arrangement of Jiang Wei and Yang Yi, "If the flag is blown, it will be declared king", Sima Yi is still worried about the death of Zhang He. The Shu army that originally wanted to return to the south may be completely annihilated because of the emotional struggle between Wei Yan and Yang Yi. So that Wang Ping came forward to question Wei Yan, and even Wei Yan's subordinates knew that he was bending in the right direction and left Wei Yan in succession. This is called "people who have lost their way will be of no help"! Such a person, if he has personal grievances, regardless of national interests and the safety of the troops, can he be considered a real soldier? Zhuge Liang has always advocated having both ability and political integrity in employing people, but he does not require others to do so. In feudal society, "loyalty" and "filial piety" have always been regarded as the best virtue. For a country, loyalty is the first virtue. Zhuge Liang praised Jiang Wan and said, "Honest and elegant, praise Wang Zhe with me" (see Biography of Jiang Wan); He praised Dong He's "loyalty to the country". (see Dong Hechuan); He praised Kyle's "loyalty and purity, benefiting from old age". (See Biography of Kyle); Praise Yang Hong for being "loyal and honest, taking the people as their home" (see Yang Hongchuan). Praise Wang Ping for being brave and strict (see Biography of Wang Ping); Praise Jiang Wei for being "loyal to current affairs and meticulous in thinking" and "talented for learning" (see Jiang Weichuan). Guo Youzhi, Fei, Dong Yun and others were also praised for their "loyalty" in The Former Teacher. On the contrary, Zhuge Liang impeached Li Yan for "being kind to the mountain and not thinking about loyalty" and "being content with fame and fortune and worrying about the country and the people". (See Biography of Li Yan); Impeach Liao Li for "serving the first emperor without loyalty and filial piety" and "sitting in his own high seat, ignoring the group of scholars." (see Liao Lichuan). It can be seen from Zhuge Liang's praise and criticism that Zhuge Liang's principle of employing people can be carried forward as long as he is loyal to the Han Shu regime and willing to contribute to it. Therefore, he treats people with personality defects like Fa Zheng, Li Yan, He Zuoxiu, Wei Yan, Liu Ba, Yang Yi and Zhang Yi equally, and lets them perform their duties where they can give full play to their roles. Isn't this very similar to Cao Cao's principle of "meritocracy"? The purpose of writing this article is not to deliberately belittle Wei Yan, but to let everyone know more clearly about Zhuge Liang's employment strategy and principles. Zhuge Liang did not abandon Wei Yan because of some problems. On the contrary, he always entrusted an important task in the Northern Expedition. However, although Wei Yan has the talent of a general, he does not have the bearing and moral character that a general should have. Therefore, Zhuge Liang appointed Wei Yan as a "pioneer and overseer" to take advantage of Wei Yan's military superiority. Instead of handing over military power to Wei Yan, it is to avoid the shortcomings of his character. This is also Zhuge Liang's brilliant use of Wei Yan!