Norms are widely used rules and regulations. Regarding the word "norm", Modern Chinese Dictionary interprets it as "agreed or expressly stipulated standard". As a regulatory document, "norm" is a standard formulated and clearly defined for specific occupational groups. This standard is either to do things, to be a man, or both, and has the function of guiding, restraining and regulating the behavior of specific groups to ensure that the behavior of specific groups is harmonious, orderly, beneficial and efficient.

I. Classification of norms

According to the different contents and applicability, specifications are mainly divided into the following three categories:

1. Ethics. Moral norms focus on being a person, which is the standard to evaluate people's behavior, such as good and evil, honor and disgrace, good and evil, right and wrong, etc. As a rule and system, what we usually call ethics refers to the code of conduct that workers in a certain industry should follow in their professional activities. It is based on dedication, selfless dedication, honesty and trustworthiness, and being a good employee. It also covers the relationship between employees and customers, occupation and occupation, and other aspects, such as the Code of Professional Ethics for Primary and Secondary School Teachers.

The content of professional ethics generally involves all aspects of a specific occupation and is the general principle, requirement and basic standard for people engaged in this occupation to perform their duties. The content is comprehensive and general, and it has universal applicability to specific occupational groups. The formulation of moral norms aims to prevent people's behavior deviation, arouse people's self-discipline consciousness, and guide people to consciously abide by moral norms, laws and regulations, and perform their duties. At the same time, moral norms also have the functions of improving people's moral consciousness, cultivating people's moral sentiments, strengthening people's moral will, and establishing and strengthening people's concept of honor and disgrace.

Daowenyi

Professional ethics of primary and secondary school teachers

First, patriotism and law-abiding. Love the motherland, love the people, support the leadership of the China * * * production party, and support socialism. Fully implement the national education policy, consciously abide by the "Teacher Law" and other laws and regulations, and perform teachers' duties and obligations according to law. There must be no words or deeds that violate the principles and policies of the party and the state.

Second, dedication. Loyal to the people's education, ambitious, highly responsible for the work, diligent, conscientious, willing to be a ladder, willing to contribute. Prepare lessons carefully in class, correct homework carefully, and coach students carefully. There is no perfunctory work.

Third, love students. Care for all students, respect their personality and treat them equally and fairly. Be strict with students and be their mentor. Protect students' safety, safeguard their legitimate rights and interests and promote their all-round, positive and healthy development. No irony, sarcasm or discrimination against students, no corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised form.

Fourth, teaching and educating people. Implement quality education, follow the laws of education, be brave in exploration and innovation, and constantly improve the level of education and teaching. Cultivate students' good moral character, shape students' sound personality and stimulate students' innovative spirit. Do not increase students' academic burden in violation of regulations, and do not take scores as the only criterion for evaluating students.

Fifth, be a teacher. Know the shame of glory, be strict with yourself and set an example. Dress neatly and appropriately, speak healthy language, and behave politely. Modesty and prudence, unity and cooperation. Treat parents equally, listen carefully to opinions and suggestions, and don't treat parents with rude words and deeds. Integrity, consciously resist paid tutoring, and do not use the position to seek personal gain.

Sixth, lifelong learning. Establish the concept of lifelong learning, abide by the teacher training system, keep learning, keep pace with the times, consciously update the educational concept, improve the knowledge structure, concentrate on education and teaching, and constantly improve the ability and level of teaching and educating people.

This code of ethics has made a comprehensive and general provision on the code of conduct that people engaged in the teaching profession should abide by, covering all aspects such as obeying the law, loving their posts and dedication, loving students, teaching and educating people, setting an example, and being brave in making progress. It can be seen that the code of ethics is aimed at a specific occupation and comprehensively stipulates the moral standards that should be adhered to in this occupation.

2. Code of conduct. Code of conduct is the standard of doing things, which mainly specifies the procedures to be followed, the requirements to be met and the matters to be paid attention to, such as (dysprosium calendar writing code) and "Teacher's Teaching Code of Conduct". Compared with ethics, the code of conduct takes specific affairs as the object, and the terms are more specific and clear. The Code of Conduct not only clearly stipulates the procedures to be followed in general and the quality standards to be adhered to, but also stipulates the procedures and requirements for doing something in special circumstances.

Example 2

Teachers' teaching behavior norms

First, we should have a correct teaching attitude, take every content in teaching seriously and do a good job in teaching wholeheartedly.

Second, we should stimulate students' thirst for knowledge and avoid indoctrination. Teach methods while imparting knowledge, and cultivate students' self-study ability.

Third, we should strictly demand and respect students, affirm their advantages, respect their characteristics, and avoid alienation between students and teachers.

Fourth, study business, prepare lessons carefully, and be familiar with lesson plans. Constantly learn new business knowledge, enrich teaching content and improve teaching level.

Fifth, organize classroom teaching, create a lively classroom atmosphere, train students' thinking, and require quality for 40 minutes.

Six, seriously guide students to learn, carefully correct homework, and correct mistakes in time. Handle every link of the teaching process well.

Seven, do a good job of teaching quality inspection on a regular basis, timely check the missing, to ensure the quality of teaching.

Eight, attend classes on time, organize classroom teaching, complete teaching tasks within the specified time, and do not delay classes.

Nine, the appearance is correct, the language should be clear and smooth, the blackboard writing should be neat and standardized, the content should be concise and accurate, and it should not be grandstanding.

Treat students' questions with enthusiasm and patience, encourage students to think hard, ask questions well, and do a good job of after-school counseling.

Eleven, the attitude towards students should be treated equally, and it is not allowed to sneer at students, and it is not allowed to vent personal anger in front of students because of dissatisfaction with individual students.

Twelve, the teaching plan should meet the requirements of the school, can not arbitrarily add or delete content, extra make-up classes or absence from class, take up students' self-study class or review exam time, increase students' learning burden.

This specification has made comprehensive and specific provisions on various problems involved in teachers' teaching work, which is not only a code of conduct that teachers should abide by when carrying out teaching activities, but also a standard to measure the quality of teachers' teaching activities.

3. Work specifications. Post specification is a specification for a specific post, which is used to specify the necessary conditions, job responsibilities and working procedures of post personnel. Compared with ethics and behavior norms, work norms should not only stipulate the professional ethics, work content and quality requirements of specific groups, but also put forward clear requirements for the professional quality and physical conditions that specific groups should have.

Job specification generally consists of three parts: job responsibilities, post conditions and working procedures. The part of post responsibility mainly stipulates the tasks that post personnel should complete and the quality standards that should be achieved. The post requirements part stipulates the moral quality, professional knowledge and physical conditions that the post personnel should have, and the working procedures part mainly stipulates the working procedures, basic requirements, operational norms and measurement standards.

Second, the stylistic characteristics of norms

Norms are generally formulated for a specific group of people, or put forward moral standards that each member of a specific group should abide by, or stipulate their code of conduct, which has a positive guiding role in the behavior of a specific group of people.

1. standard. Whether for being a man or doing things, the formulation of norms is to put forward a standard for specific people to follow. For example, the Draft Agreement is a standard for manuscript writing, which requires both the author and the editor of the manuscript to follow. Therefore, standardization is the biggest feature of norms.

2. specificity. Norms are formulated for a specific group of people and are generally not binding on people outside a specific group. For example, the norms of teaching behavior of teachers in Beijing Normal University are only applicable to the specific group of teachers in Beijing Normal University, while the norms of medical record writing are only applicable to medical staff, and the norms of manuscript writing are only binding on authors and editors.

3. guidance. Norm is the standard to evaluate the correct or wrong behavior and behavior quality of a specific group of people, mainly to guide the behavior of a specific group to become unified in order to achieve the best behavior effect.

Third, the standard content elements and writing points

A complete specification generally consists of three parts: behavior description, basic standards and requirements, and special instructions.

Behavior description is mainly to explain or explain the behaviors involved in the specification. For example, "medical record" and "medical record writing" are respectively explained and explained in the Code for Medical Record Writing: "medical record refers to the sum of words, symbols, charts, images, slices and other materials formed by medical personnel in the process of medical activities, including outpatient (emergency) medical records and inpatient medical records"; "Medical record writing refers to the behavior of medical staff to obtain relevant information through medical activities such as consultation, physical examination, auxiliary examination, diagnosis, treatment and nursing, and to summarize, analyze and sort out medical activity records." When the behavior involved in the specification is clear and the subject of the behavior is clear, this part of the behavior description can be omitted. For example, the behavior involved in the Code of Contract is the writing and editing of contract, and the actors are very clear about it. Therefore, there is no provision for behavior description in the specification.

Basic standards and requirements are the main parts of specifications. Starting from the professional characteristics or identity characteristics of a specific person, this part comprehensively and concretely puts forward the moral standards or basic requirements that should be adhered to in dealing with people. When writing this part, we should fully consider all aspects involved in the behavior of the specific subject, and strive to be comprehensive, specific and complete to avoid omissions.

The special explanation part mainly specifies the behavior methods and behavior requirements under special circumstances to ensure the quality and effect of the behavior. For example, it is stipulated in the Code for Writing Medical Records that medical records written by interns and trainee medical personnel should be reviewed, revised and signed by medical personnel who are legally practicing in this medical institution. The interpretation of "Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan issues" in the manuscript writing norms is also a special interpretation.

Norms generally take the form of articles, and there are three main considerations in the order of arrangement: first, arrange levels according to behavior description, basic standards and requirements, and special instructions; Second, according to the importance of the content, according to the order from heavy to light; The third is to classify all the contents first, and then arrange them in a reasonable logical order.

Fourth, the differences between languages.

The norm whose main writing purpose is to stipulate the standards of being a man and doing things is different from the norm whose writing purpose is to stipulate the principles of being a man and doing things. It is a rule used to coordinate people's actions, standardize people's behaviors and maintain the normal order of work or activities.

1. Similarities and differences between specifications and standards. There are many similarities between norms and guidelines in content and function. For example, they are both standards for evaluating the behavior of the subject, and the norms and guidelines that stipulate moral standards are basically the same in content scope. The difference between the two is mainly manifested in the following aspects: First, the applicable objects are not the same. Norms are only applicable to specific groups of people, generally targeting specific occupations or positions; The Code is not only applicable to a specific group of people, but also to a specific industry or enterprise, which requires its business behavior, such as the Code of Conduct for China Telecom Enterprises. Second, the emphasis is different. Norms focus on "doing things", and the purpose of formulating professional ethics requirements is to do things better. Standards pay attention to professional ethics and emphasize the social benefits of behavior. Third, the content is different. The contents of norms are generally comprehensive and specific, and the guidelines are generally written in a principled and general way. It is worth noting that the misuse of the two is more serious in practical application.

2. The difference between norms and rules. The difference between the two is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, it is the standard for the behavior or work of a specific group of people; Rules are general procedures and methods for dealing with specific business departments, transactions or activities. Second, the formulation of norms mainly focuses on behavior standards and behavior results, while the formulation of rules focuses on behavior methods and right and wrong behaviors.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) standardized writing requirements

The purpose of formulating norms is to clarify the behavioral goals, put forward behavioral requirements, and improve the quality and effect of behaviors. To this end, standardized writing should pay attention to the following points:

1. is feasible. To standardize writing, we should fully consider the reality of the behavior object so that most people can do it. At the same time, we must consider the best interests of behavior and the standards should be moderate.

2. comprehensive and specific. The formulation of norms should fully consider all possible situations involved in the main behavior, strive to be comprehensive and specific, and must not have omissions and blank points to ensure the order and quality of group behavior.

3. Pay attention to details. The formulation of norms should pay attention to behavior details, fully consider the behavior patterns and behavior requirements under unconventional or abnormal circumstances, and make a clear explanation.

4. Make it clear. The expression of norms should be clear in logic and semantics to avoid ambiguity and ambiguity in language.

(Author: Shaanxi International Business School)