Rabindranath Tagore (May 7, 1861—August 7, 1941) was an Indian poet, philosopher and Indian nationalist. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 and was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Tagore was born in a well-educated and wealthy family in Kolkata, India. His father is a local Hindu religious leader. In foreign countries, Tagore is generally regarded as a poet, but rarely as a philosopher, but in India, the two are often the same. His poems contain profound religious and philosophical insights. For Tagore, his poems are his gift to God. He himself is the suitor of God. His poems enjoy epic status in India. He himself is regarded as a saint by many Hindus.
In addition to his poems, Tagore also wrote novels, essays, travel notes, plays and more than 2, songs. His poems are mainly written in Bengali, and his poems are very popular in Bengali-speaking areas.
The contents of his prose are mainly social, political and educational. The most important thing is to describe nature and life. In Tagore's poems, life itself and its diversity are the reasons for joy. At the same time, his love (including patriotism) is also one of the contents of his poems.
Tagore's poems are used in Indian and Bangladeshi national anthems. Vilfeu Irving and william butler yeats were deeply moved by his poems. With the encouragement of Ye Zhi, Tagore personally translated his book Jitan Cangli (meaning "Hungry Stone") into English, for which he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
Tagore supported the Indian independence movement in the early days, but later he alienated from it. In protest against the Zalenwala Garden tragedy in 1919, he refused the knighthood conferred by the British king. He was the first person to refuse the honor awarded by the King of England.
He opposed the education system established by Britain in India, and opposed this "artificial", completely obedient, dead-endorsed and out of touch with nature school. For this reason, he established a school designed according to his idea in his hometown, which was the predecessor of the University of Vishwa-bharathi.
In his poems, Tagore also expressed his views on war. But his hope for peace has nothing to do with political factors. He hopes that all people can live in a perfect and peaceful world.
Tagore has traveled many times. This made him understand many different cultures and the differences between them. His description of eastern and western cultures is one of the most delicate so far.
Rabindranath Tagore (1861 ~ 1941), a famous Indian poet, writer, artist and social activist, was awarded Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 and was born in Kolkata, a family with rich philosophical and literary accomplishments. At the age of 13, he was able to write long poems and ode poems. He went to study in Britain in 1878 and returned to China in 188 to specialize in literary activities. He served as secretary of the Vatican Society from 1884 to 1911 and founded an international university in the 192s. In 1941, he wrote the famous last words "Crisis of Civilization", which accused the British colonial rule and believed that the motherland would be liberated independently. Tagore was a writer with great world influence. He wrote more than 5 poems. Known as the "Poet Saint", he wrote 12 novellas, more than 1 short stories, more than 2 plays and a large number of literary, philosophical and political treatises, and created more than 1,5 paintings, and wrote countless songs. The fields of literature, history, philosophy, art, politics and economics are almost all-encompassing and all-encompassing. His works reflect the fact that the Indian people are in imperialism and feudalism. Described their indomitable resistance, full of distinctive patriotism and democratic spirit, full of national style and characteristics at the same time, with high artistic value, and deeply loved by the people. His important poems include the collection of poems, Story Poetry (19), Gitanjaly (191), Crescent Moon (1913) and Birds (1913). Important novels include the short stories Paying off the Debt (1891), Abandonment (1893), Suba (1893), Is Man alive or dead? (1892), Maha Moya (1892), The Sun and Dark Clouds (1894), The Four Men (1916), The Shipwreck (196), Gora (191) and Family and the World (1916) Important plays include Stubborn Fortress (1911), Mokedota (1925) and Man's Red Oleander (1926). Important essays include The Trade of Death (1881), China's Conversation (1924) and Russian Letters (1931). His works were introduced to China as early as 1915, and ten volumes of Tagore's Works have been published in Chinese.
On May 7, 1861, Rabindranath Tagore was born in a wealthy aristocratic family in Kolkata, India. His father Debindenath Tagore is a famous philosopher and social activist. His brother and sister are also celebrities. Influenced by such a literary family environment, Tagore began to write poems at the age of 8, began to write plays at the age of 12, and published his first long poem "Wild Flowers" at the age of 15. At the age of 17, he published the narrative poem The Poet's Story. Tagore, a brilliant poet, embarked on the road of literary creation since he was a child. In 1886, he published The Moon Collection, which became a necessary literary textbook for Indian schools and colleges. During this period, he also wrote many political articles criticizing American colonial rule.
In p>191, Tagore founded a school engaged in children's education experiments in the holy land of Nikita. In 1912, the school developed into an international university for Asian cultural exchange.
In p>195, Tagore devoted himself to the national independence movement and wrote patriotic songs such as Flood. The Will of the People was designated as the national anthem of India today. In 191, Tagore published the novel Gora. In 1916, Tagore published the novel Gora. Enthusiastic praise for the patriotic spirit of striving for national independence. In 1912, Tagore won the Nobel Prize for literature with his lyric poem Gitanjaly. In 1913, he published the well-known Birds and Gardeners.
He visited China in p>1924, and after returning to China, Tagore wrote many articles. He expressed his friendship with the people of China.
Tagore's life was spent in the era when India was under British colonial rule. The decline of the motherland, the humiliation of the nation and the miserable life of the colonial people were deeply imprinted in Tagore's heart, and his patriotism was strongly expressed in his works from the beginning. Although he was born in a rich family and lived in a complicated society, his love and hatred were clear. His creative thinking is clear, and he has always kept pace with the times. At the climax of the national independence movement, he wrote a letter to the British governor to protest against colonial rule, and sang his patriotic poems to lead demonstrations. He also resolutely abandoned the titles and privileges granted by the British government. The Indian people respected and loved him. Call him a poet, the conscience of India and the soul of India.
Tagore is not a narrow-minded patriot. He has always expressed deep sympathy and given strong support to people of all countries under imperialist aggression and oppression. In the 192s, Tagore visited abroad many times and organized anti-war peace groups with cultural celebrities from all over the world. In the 193s, when German, Italian and Japanese fascists launched a war of aggression, Tagore was angry. Shouting to the world: "Before I leave, I appeal to every family-prepare to fight against the beast covered with human skin." In this way, until Tagore died in Kolkata on August 7, 1941, he fought until the last moment of his life.
This world-famous and versatile writer wrote more than 5 poems in his long creative career of more than 6 years. More than 2 plays and many papers on literature, philosophy and politics, as well as memoirs, travel notes, letters, etc. Among them, the famous collection of poems "Gitanjali" published in 1921, Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Story Poem and Two Mu of Land are immortal poems loved by the Indian people and widely read. The popular Kabul Man, Suba and Maha Moya are masterpieces of the world's short stories. Atonement, Stubborn Fortress and Red Oleander are all aimed at that time. A poet, he is also an accomplished composer and painter. He wrote more than 2, exciting and beautiful songs in his life. Among them, many passionate patriotic songs he wrote at the height of India's national liberation movement became a powerful weapon to inspire the Indian people to fight against colonial rule. The song "The Will of the People" was designated as the national anthem of India in 195. Tagore learned to paint at the age of 7. It was exhibited in many famous places in the world as an art treasure.
In 1941, Tagore died at the age of 81.
Tagore (1861 ~ 1941)
Rabindranath
Indian poet, writer and artist, Social activist is an influential person who introduced Indian culture to the west and introduced western culture to India.
He was born in Kolkata, West Bengal on May 7, 1861, and died in the same place on August 7, 1941. His family belonged to a businessman and landlord, belonging to a Brahmin caste. His grandfather Devar Gernert Tagore and his father Dai Bundra Nat Tagore were both social activists. Support social reform. Tagore went to Oriental College, Normal School and Bangladesh College, but he didn't complete formal study. His knowledge came from the advice of his father, brother and tutor, as well as his own efforts. He began to write poetry at the age of 13, and published a patriotic poem "Temple Fair for Hindus" at the age of 14. In 1878, he went to Britain to study in accordance with his father and brother's wishes, initially studying law, and then transferred to London University to study English literature. He studied western music. He returned to China in 188, specializing in literary creation. In 1884, he left the city to manage ancestral land. In 191, he founded a school in Santiktan, near Bolpur, Bangladesh. In 1921, this school developed into an international university for exchanging Asian cultures. After 195, the national liberation movement reached its climax, and people in Bangladesh and all India opposed the decision to divide Bangladesh. A vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement was formed. Tagore went to Calcutta to join the movement and wrote a lot of patriotic poems. However, he soon disagreed with other leaders of the movement. He disapproved of the "direct action" of the masses burning British goods and insulting the British, but advocated doing more "constructive" work, such as going to the countryside to develop industry and eliminate poverty and ignorance. In 197, he quit the movement and returned to San Niktan to live in seclusion and immerse himself in writing. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature for the English version of Gitanjaei (Ode to Sacrifice, published in 1911), and became famous in the world literary world. He was awarded a doctorate by Calcutta University and knighted by the British government. After the outbreak of World War I, he traveled across the ocean for more than 1 times, visited dozens of countries and regions, spread peaceful friendship and engaged in cultural exchanges. In 1919, he was awarded a doctorate by the British government. The British army shot and killed more than 1, Indian civilians, and Tagore renounced his knighthood in protest. In 193, he visited the Soviet Union and wrote "Letters to Russia". He condemned the Italian fascists for invading Abyssinia (Ethiopia), supported Spain and the Chinese government against the fascist leader Franco. After the outbreak of World War II, he wrote articles denouncing Hitler's unjust actions. He always cared about world politics and the fate of the people. Support the just cause of mankind.
Creation
In nearly 7 years of creative activities, Tagore wrote more than 5 poems, 12 novellas, more than 1 short stories, more than 2 plays, a large number of works on literature, philosophy and politics, as well as more than 1,5 paintings and more than 2, songs, one of which was the national anthem of India. Tagore published long poems, such as Wild Flowers and Poet's Tales. From 1881 to 1885, he published lyric poetry collections, such as Sunset Song, Morning Song, Painting and Song, as well as dramas and novels. Most of the dramas and novels were based on epics and past books, and the poems were full of romanticism. In 1886, the poetry collection, Rigid and Soft, was published. It marks that he entered a period of facing life and real life on the road of creation. The poetry collection Yearning in the Heart is his first mature work, and his unique style began to take shape. During this period, he also wrote plays King and Queen and Sacrifice, opposing the restoration of the privileges and backward customs of Brahmin priests. The 189s was the heyday of Tagore's creation. Since 1891, he has been in satana magazine, which he edited. He published more than 6 short stories, such as Maha Moya, mainly to oppose feudal oppression and expose unreasonable phenomena in real life. He published five lyric poems, one philosophical short poem, one micro-thought collection and one story poetry collection. He began to write poems in Bengali dialect. Most of the poems in his second English-translated anthology, The Gardener's Collection, were selected from the works of this period.
Tagore suffered personal misfortunes in the early 2th century, and the grief and sadness of losing his wife, daughter and father were truly recorded in the anthology Memories, Children and Ferry. He also wrote two novels, Little Sand and Shipwreck. Praise the patriotic enthusiasm of the new Hindus and their confidence in the freedom of the motherland, but also criticize their thought of maintaining the old tradition; During this period, he also wrote symbolic dramas "The King" and "The Post Office" and satirical drama "The Stubborn Fortress". In 191, the Bengali poetry collection "Chittaglia" was published. Later, when Tagore lived in London, some poems in "Chittaglia", "Ferry" and "Dedication Collection" were translated into English. Tagore became the first Asian writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. He entered another creative climax, publishing poems such as Garland of Songs, Ode, White Crane, Escape, novellas such as Four People and Family and the World. In the 192s, Tagore still insisted on writing, publishing plays such as Mokdotara, Red Oleander and novels.