Tumut is the name of a Mongolian tribe. It means "tens of thousands".
Historically, the Tumut region was a place where many ethnic groups lived and multiplied.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lin Hu, Lou Fan and other ethnic groups were active here.
In 306 BC, King Wuling of Zhao established Yunzhong County (the ruins of the ancient city are located in Tuo County in the original Tumote area). After Qin Shihuang unified China, Yunzhong County was listed as one of the thirty-six counties in the country.
During the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu dealt with it. In 96 BC, the Han Dynasty established two counties, Dingxiang and Yunzhong, and Yunzhong County led eleven counties. Its "Central Duwei Rule" - Beiyu County was located in the hinterland of the original Tumot Banner. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a situation where Han and Xiongnu lived together.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Xianbei, Rouran, and Chile tribes appeared one after another. In the 1920s of the 5th century, the Northern Wei Dynasty settled the Chile tribe here, and the Chile tribe began to live as pastoralists in this area. Therefore, this area is also called "Celechuan". "Celechuan" described in "Celechuan, under Yinshan Mountain, the sky is like a dome, covering the surrounding fields. The sky is blue, the fields are vast, and cattle and sheep appear on the windblown grass." It is the natural scene in front of Yinshan Mountain. After the rise of Turks, the area became a Turkic nomadic land.
During the Tang Dynasty, the Shanyu Protectorate was established. At the beginning of the Five Dynasties, Shatuo, Tatar and others were active here. In the Liao Dynasty, Fengzhou and Yunneizhou were placed under the jurisdiction of Xijing Road, so it was called "Fengzhou Beach" by later generations.
The Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao Dynasty, and this area was completely included in the territory of the Jin Dynasty. Fengzhou was still established, and the road was changed into a road. The Jurchen and Wanggu tribes were here. It was called Fengzhou in the Yuan Dynasty and was located on Datong Road. From then on, Mongolians became the main ethnic group here.
The Ming Dynasty set up guard posts in the Tumut area twice, but the time was short-lived and the area has always been a nomadic land for the Mongolian people.
In the mid-15th century, this place became the territory of the Mongolian Tumut tribe.
From 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng) to 1741 (the sixth year of Qianlong), the Qing government successively set up Guihua City, Qingshuihe, Tuoketuo, Horinger, and Sa in the two wings of Tumut. Laqi Wuting and Guisui Road, which governs Wuting, are both under the jurisdiction of Shanxi Province. After the establishment of the Taoist Hall, the Tumut area basically formed a situation of Mongolian and Han divisions.
In 1739 (the fourth year of Qianlong's reign), after the Eight Banners of Manchuria garrisoned Suiyuan, General Jianwei (later changed to General Suiyuan City) took charge of the affairs of the Tumut two wings. In 1761 (the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign), the Qing government abolished the two wing commanders, leaving deputy commanders in each wing.
In 1763, the vice-capital general was re-layoffed and changed to a special-city vice-capital, which was filled by officials selected by the imperial court (full members from multiple departments). It became a custom and the Tumut people were deprived of their flag rights.
From 1644 (the first year of Shunzhi) to 1675 (the fourteenth year of Kangxi), the Qing government successively established the Maoming'an Banner, Urad Sangong Banner, and Urad Sangong Banner in the northern, western, and eastern territories of Tumed. The Sizi Tribe King Banner, Dalhanbeile Banner and Chahar Eight Banners (mainly the West Fourth Banner) delimit the jurisdiction of the two wings of Tumut within a range of 205 kilometers from north to south and 175 kilometers from east to west.
In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), all the departments that originally belonged to Guisui Road in Shanxi Province were changed to counties. There are six counties in Tumote territory, namely Guisui County, Saraqi County, Tuoketuo County, Helinger County, Qingshuihe County, and Wuchuan County (plus the seven counties of Baotou County that were added later) all have governors (equivalent to county magistrates) appointed by Shanxi. In 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai ordered that Suiyuan be changed into a special district, General Suiyuan was changed into the capital commander, and he also served as the deputy capital commander of Guihua City. In the same year, the two wings of Tumut merged into one banner, the chief executive was changed to the general manager, and the deputy governor's office was changed to the general manager's office, which was directly under the Suiyuan Special Region (later changed to the province). After the restructuring, all the 10 general managers were from Hakka.
In July 1928 (the seventeenth year of the Republic of China), Mantai, a native of Tumut, became the general manager; in 1934 (the twenty-third year of the Republic of China), Rongxiang succeeded the general manager and changed the flag's name to Tumut Special The flag, the general administration office was changed to the flag government.
In October 1937, the Tumut area fell, and General Manager Rongxiang led a group of banner government officials to retreat to Yulin in northern Shaanxi. In February 1938, the Japanese invaders reorganized the Puppet Flag Agency, which was under the jurisdiction of the Bayantala League of Puppet-Mongolia and implemented colonial rule over the Tumut area. After the Japanese surrendered in 1945, the Tumut Banner returned to its original organizational structure and remained the General Manager Flag. Rong Xiang and others returned to the flag and began to rectify the flag affairs and tried their best to protect the flag rights and property. However, many efforts were made to safeguard the flag rights and failed. In 1949, Rongxiang, who had given up hope on the Kuomintang, initiated and participated in the Suiyuan Peace Promotion Association to carry out activities against the civil war and strive for peace. Then he signed the "September 19" peaceful uprising telegram. The Mongolian people finally ushered in the dawn of liberation.
In September 1949, Suiyuan Province was peacefully liberated. According to the relevant regulations on peaceful liberation, the title of Tumut Special Banner of the old regime was still used. The organizational system and jurisdiction were the same as before liberation. The banner government was located in the old city. In Chamber Alley.
In March 1950, the Tumut Banner People's Government was formally established, directly under the leadership of the Suiyuan Provincial People's Government, as a first-class banner. It continued to maintain the separation of Mongolia and Han, the administrative region remained unchanged, and the banner government remained Stationed in Guisui City (Hohhot City).
On November 26, 1953, the People's Congress of Tumut Banner passed a resolution to end the coexistence of banners and counties. In March 1954, Guisui County was abolished, based on the original jurisdiction of Guisui County, and the pure Mongolian villages adjacent to the county and villages with a large number of Mongolian residents were placed under the Tumut Banner. The seventh district that originally belonged to Tumut Banner was assigned to Damao Banner, and Dengkou Township was assigned to Wumeng Shiguai Mining Area.
The Tumut Banner was changed to be under the exclusive leadership of Jining. After adjustment, the total area of ??the flag is 5,807 square kilometers. Based on the original division of Guisui County, the flag has seven districts, 2 towns, 111 townships and 9 township-level residents' committees.
On March 6, 1954, the original organizational structure of Suiyuan was abolished, and the original jurisdiction was merged into the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; the original Jining Commissioner's Office of Suiyuan was abolished, and the People's Government of Pingdiquan Administrative District was established, and the Tumut Banner was transferred to Pingdiquan. The leadership of the people's government of the administrative region.
In September 1956, the suburbs of Hohhot were divided into the first, second, third and fifth districts of Tumut Banner.
In May 1956, the three natural villages of Linba, Xiaolinba and Guguban in the fifth district of Tumut Banner were placed under Helinger County.
On June 25, 1956, according to the provisions of the constitution, the Tumut Banner People's Government was changed to the Tumut Banner People's Committee. On August 9, 1956, the original 111 grassroots townships (committees) were merged into 50 townships and 2 towns.
On September 2, 1956, Taigemu Township, Youyouban Township, and Bakouzi Township in Youyouban District, Tumed Banner; Luojiaying Township, Xiaojing Township, and Tao Sihao in Luojiaying District Township, Haoqinying Township, Butaqi Township; Yulin Township, Baohe Shaoxiang, Shizi Township, Taobuqi Township, Dayaozi Township in Yulin Township; Qiaobao Township, Lamaying Township in Babai District, etc. 17 Half of the townships with 21,380 households and 84,729 people are included in the suburbs of Hohhot City.
On November 11, 1956, the Tumut Banner People's Committee ordered the cancellation of the Youyouban District Office, Luojiaying District Office, and Yulinzi District Office. The townships affiliated to the above three districts are directly under the leadership of the Banner People's Committee.
In July 1957, the two district offices of Meidai and Babai were abolished, and the leadership of the people's committees of their respective townships and banners were eliminated. So far, the entire banner has jurisdiction over 2 districts, 2 towns, and 33 townships.
On April 5, 1958, the Pingdiquan Administrative District was changed to the Pingdiquan District Commissioner's Office, and the Tumote Banner was changed to the Pingdiquan District Commissioner's Office. The Tumut tribe is a Mongolian tribe with a long history. According to research, the Tumut tribe was the Tumat tribe during the Genghis Khan period. Around the middle of the 15th century, Tumote's troops were stationed in Mu Fengzhoutan (now Tumochuan).
After Dayan Khan unified Monan Mongolia from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 16th century, he divided the tribes into 30,000 households in Chahar, Khalkha, and Ulyanha, and Ordos, Tumed, and Yong. Xiebu's right wing had 30,000 households, and the Tumote tribe became one of the 60,000 households in Dayan Khan's southern Mongolia. Around the end of the 1620s, Altan, the grandson of Dayan Khan, became the main lord of thousands of Tumut households. Subsequently, Altan and his Smergen Jinong led the right-wing tribes to fight in the south and north, and in the east and west, and they quickly grew in strength. Around 1531, the entire Tumut tribe was under the jurisdiction of Altan. In 1538, Altan received the "Sodo" Khan from the Central Khanate. After the death of Mergen Jinon in 1542, Altan Khan became the de facto leader of the right-wing tribes.
In the mid-16th century, Altan Khan "envied Qinghai's wealth" and "took his son Bingtu and tens of thousands of people to attack" the land. From then on, Bingtu and his tribe lived in this area. Afterwards, the leaders of the right-wing tribes came one after another, and the Gansu and Qinghai areas became the territory of the Tumut tribe.
Altan Khan paid special attention to "revitalizing the Twelve Tumotes" while expanding his power. After he established his political power, he decided to develop Tumo River, develop Bansheng agriculture and handicraft industry, protect animal husbandry, build towns, build Kukuhetun (naturalized city), introduce Tibetan Buddhism, formulate written laws and regulations, and achieve mutual trade between Mongolia and Ming Dynasty. , the realization of friendship between Mongolia and Ming Dynasty, etc., etc., made the Tumote Department quickly become stronger and became a decisive force in influencing the political situation in northern China. Its influence reached a vast area from Ji Town in the east to Qinghai in the west. The Tumochuan area was also a relatively advanced and developed area in Mongolian society at that time.
At the same time, Altan Khan and his eldest son Dulong Linge Hongtaiji expanded their power eastward, using force and marriage to make the Ulyanha tribes surrender to themselves, and developed their power beyond Jizhen. Northern vast area. Later, more and more Tumut people migrated eastward.
In 1582, Altan Khan died of illness, and the Tumut tribe lost a strong leader. Power began to be dispersed, and various lords competed for tribes and positions, which eventually led to civil strife, which led to the Tumut tribe The divisions on the right wing broke away from the control of King Shunyi one after another, greatly weakening the power of the entire right wing.
In 1628, Lindan Khan of the Chahar tribe led his army to the west. The Tumote tribe failed to resist, and many tribesmen fled. Eventually, he surrendered to Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty Huang Taiji, and was divided into two banners: the left and right banners of Tumote. They moved to the Chaoyang and Fuxin areas of present-day Liaoning Province. Most of the people were Mongolian Lejin people, so they were customarily called the Mongolian Lejin Banner (Mongolian Zhen). . This is Dongtumut.
In 1632, Huang Taiji conquered Lin Dan Khan in the west. Lin Dan Khan crossed the river and went west to Qinghai, and the Later Jin Dynasty occupied the Tumote area.
In 1636, the Qing government ordered the Tumote tribe to be divided into the left and right wings, with Guluge as the left wing commander and Hanggao as the right wing commander. Officials such as the school were responsible for controlling the banner people. From then on, Tumote became an internal banner who "cannot be good at anything".