In addition to its unparalleled artistic value, You Chuntu's tossing and turning process from flowing out of the Forbidden City in the late Qing Dynasty to returning to the Forbidden City after liberation has also attracted worldwide attention. In the meantime, "You Chuntu" was first brought by the last emperor Puyi to the east building of Changchun Puppet Manchuria Palace (commonly known as Xiaobailou) for collection; After Japan surrendered and Puyi fled, the Puppet Manchuria Palace was ransacked, and the books were scattered among the people in Northeast China, and were jointly acquired by several antique brands, including Yuchi Shanfang, and returned to Beijing. It was later purchased by Mr. Zhang Boju at 1946, donated to the country after liberation, and collected in the Palace Museum.
In recent years, this history has been frequently seen in books, magazines, internet and film and television media, but some historical facts are inaccurate, especially some plots involving Mr. Ji Chuan and Mr. Wei Chi Fang Shan, which have been violated, speculated and even vilified, and have been seriously damaged. There is even an absurd mistake in one work that "people in the Republic of China and the Ming Dynasty have become good friends who often come and go". Of course, the author understands that some writers may be out of the need of literary creation, or they may be misinformed because of the lack of rigorous textual research on this historical fact, but in any case, since real names are used in their works, they should not distort the characters at will and ruin their reputation. This is not only irresponsible to the parties and readers, but also a distortion and tampering with history.
In order to restore the original appearance of history to the maximum extent and clarify relevant facts, the author consulted relevant documents and provided some transcripts signed by historical witnesses by Mr. Ji Chuan's descendants, and collected some authentic first-hand materials from various aspects. Based on the attitude of respecting history, seeking truth from facts, being innocent, being responsible for old friends, the world and future generations, the author has compiled and published some plots and corresponding real situations that are inconsistent with the facts, hoping that more people from all walks of life can understand the true face of this period of history.
I hereby solemnly declare that I have no intention to praise, criticize, offend or comment on all the characters or related authors involved in the article, but just describe some real situations truthfully. Please forgive me if I have offended!
First, about the sale of You Chuntu.
Many inaccurate articles said that Mr. Zhang Boju bought You Chuntu directly from Mr. Ji Chuanti, and vividly described how they negotiated face to face and how they bargained. Mr. Ji Chuan was portrayed as a profiteer, a rogue, an old fox with no integrity. So what is the truth?
1, You Chuntu is not Ma Ji Chuan alone, but Liu * * *.
You Chuntu's buying and selling among antique dealers is a special topic in the book Talking about Old Antiques (published by Beijing Press 1996 10) written by Mr. Chen Chongyuan, a famous antique expert in Beijing Liulichang, which accurately describes You Chuntu's acquisition process and ownership of property rights.
At that time, Mu Panchen of Liulichang Village invited Ma Jichuan and Feng Zhanru and Wen (Feng sent his apprentice Qiu Zhicheng there) to receive the goods. This time, * * * bought more than ten paintings, including You Chuntu. Back in Beijing, they stopped in Shenyang and were received by Li, manager of Chonggu Zhai. Because Li had helped Mu sell a volume of Fu Taozan by Fan Zhongyan, and no agency fee was charged, Mu returned the favor and invited Li to cooperate in the management of You Chuntu. In this way, a You Chuntu is mainly composed of Mu Panchen, and the goods are Chonggu Zhai, Wenzhen Zhai and Fish Pond Mountain House. Four * * * the same sales. Li and his gang actually split into three shares. He has an appointment with Wei and Hao Baochu. In the northeast, no matter who buys the goods, three people have to cooperate, so there are actually six groups of goods, that is, the Youchun map purchased at that time belongs to six * * *.
2. Majichuan has no right to dispose of You Chuntu alone.
As one of the shareholders, Mr. Yoshikawa did not decide to sell Youchuntu without authorization, which is not only the regulation of the antique industry in that year, but also the concrete embodiment of the professional ethics of "peer participation and interests * * *" advocated by Mr. Yoshikawa when he was elected as the president of the antique chamber of commerce.
Mr. Li, one of the shareholders of You Chuntu, was also the direct agent of the sale at that time. On February 26th, 20 101,he provided written confirmation materials about You Chuntu (hereinafter referred to as documentary evidence), in which Article 3 clearly stated that "any shareholder has no right to dispose of You Chuntu alone". It can be seen that the sale of You Chuntu can only be carried out after the six shareholders reach an agreement.
This transaction is conducted through intermediary, not direct transaction. In the whole process, Ma Ji Chuan never talked directly with Zhang Boju.
The actual transaction process of this ticket business is conducted through the middleman Mr. Ma Baoshan, rather than the direct transaction between Zhang (Boju) and Ma (Ji Chuan) as mentioned in many inaccurate articles. Throughout the process, Zhang Ma never spoke directly. The descendants of Mr. Yoshikawa made a special trip to Mr. Ma Baoshan to verify this matter, and Ma Lao was outspoken about it.
In the second issue of China Heritage in 2004, Ma Guoqing, the son of Mr. Ma Baoshan, wrote the article "Saving the Treasure in Changchun". It is clearly pointed out in the article that Zhang Boju wants to buy You Chuntu after learning that it is backward. He is a famous collector of antique paintings and calligraphy at home and abroad. He bought Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie, Li Bai's Tiantai Tie, Du Mu's Zhang Shi, Fan Zhongyan's Fu Tao Zan, Xue Shui Gui Ji Tu and so on. Zhang Boju and my father are close friends, so he can't take a message with Ma Ji, but Qiu Zhensheng asks my father to fulfill it.
Mr. Chen Chongyuan also described this conversation with Mr. Qiu Zhensheng, one of the parties, in the book Old News and Antiques: "1987, on the occasion of Qiu Zhensheng's 80th birthday, he talked with the author (Chen Chongyuan) about this past event more than 40 years ago. He said,' I have never smoked or drunk all my life, and I am a serious antique pedestrian. Zhang Boju knows me. I introduced it to Ma Baoshan when he bought your spring pictures. Later, I learned that Ma Baoshan was the intermediary of You Chuntu's transaction because he had no goods. " "。
It was not Ma Ji Chuan who represented the seller at that time, but Mr. Li. Li Lao clearly pointed out in Article 4 of the Proof Materials: "When selling to Zhang Boju, Ma Baoshan was the middleman and I was the seller's representative".
Mr. Chen Chongyuan's book also confirms this point. Mr. Qiu Zhensheng once said to Chen: At that time, no one would say who bought the good goods, and it was very secret to do this business. There are two national treasures in Changchun's calligraphy and painting, one is You Chuntu by Zhan Ziqian, and the other is Fu Taozan by Fan Zhongyan, both of which were acquired by the Panchen Lama and later sold to Zhang Boju. Fu Taozan was first sold by the Panchen Lama to Jin Bosheng, and then by Jin Bosheng to Zhang Boju. You Chuntu was sold by Li himself.
In the book, Mr. Chen Chongyuan also described in detail a conversation with Mr. Li, one of the parties: 1992 paid a New Year call to Mr. Li, then 82, and talked about You Chuntu during the Spring Festival. The author (Chen Chongyuan) asked: "Uncle Li! The You Chuntu you sold to Zhang Boju has become a hot topic now, and many articles have been published in the newspaper. An article said it was sold in Ji Chuan, Ma. What is this? " Li said to him, "The matter itself is not that complicated. What a simple thing, when a scholar writes and describes it, it becomes lively. This transaction is smooth and simple. After six * * * negotiations with the goods, Mu Panchen made the final decision and sold it to Zhang Boju for two hundred and twenty gold. Everyone recommended that I take You Chuntu to Ma Baoshan's house to meet Zhang Boju. We have a middleman, a buyer, a seller, and three people face to face and trade with one hand. "
In addition, it should be noted that You Chuntu was never stored in the Fish Pond Mountain House, but in the home of Mr. Mu Panchen. Mr. Li affirmed this in the second point of Documentary Evidence.
Second, about the sale of You Chuntu to foreigners.
Ma Jichuan and others described in some inaccurate articles that they wanted to sell You Chuntu to foreigners.
Said it was pure slander. The first article of Mr. Li's documentary evidence clearly pointed out that all the shareholders of You Chuntu at that time had no intention of selling the painting to foreigners. All the parties and witnesses who respect history, facts and conscience have also confirmed this.
Although antique dealers are "mercenary" businessmen, they also have professional ethics and patriotism. More importantly, they have contributed to the protection and inheritance of cultural relics.
Mr. Ma Guoqing mentioned in the article "Saving the Treasure in Changchun": 1945, after Japan's defeat and surrender, Puyi and others fled hastily. Except for 120 precious calligraphy and painting, the rest of the precious calligraphy and painting of Xiaobailou 1000 in the Puppet Palace fell into the hands of the puppet troops on duty. These priceless national treasures were destroyed by the puppet troops. At that time, the situation was turbulent and the Palace Museum was unable to save these national treasures. At this time, the antique dealer of Liulichang stepped forward and went to Changchun to rescue the treasure with private strength. The antique dealer, represented by Mr. Ma Baoshan, even took a huge risk of closing the auction house and borrowed usury from the bank for three months to save the treasure. Mr. Ma Baoshan once said: "I can't watch everything left by my ancestors be destroyed!" We all know that these things are only safe in the hands of experts. "For cultural relics, the most distressing thing is that they are damaged first and flow out second. Liulichang people are a very special group. As businessmen and intellectuals, they are quite familiar with the past. The treasure handed down from generation to generation often determines its own destination in its hands. Antique dealers, represented by Mr. Ma, take practical actions to preserve these precious cultural relics, spend money to buy them to avoid damage, and even adhere to the principle of "selling only foreigners, not foreigners" under the pressure of huge capital turnover to avoid the outflow of national treasures. In his memoirs, Ma Lao once commented on antique dealers who came to treasure: "These people who came here are heroes who protect cultural heritage for the benefit or collection. "
Although Mr. Ji Chuan has no higher education, he has always had a patriotic heart, educating his children and future generations to love his country and family. During the period of 1947, Fish Pond Mountain House sent five national treasures, such as hand scrolls and an album, to the Palace Museum for collection, which is recorded in the Palace Museum and can be inquired in official website.
III. The actual transaction price of You Chuntu.
The transaction price of You Chuntu published in some inaccurate articles was 222 gold.
It's still 242, and it also describes how cunning and treacherous Ma Jichuan is in this process, and he will continue to supplement it on the pretext that the quality of gold is not enough. This is not accurate. The actual situation is that the final transaction price is 172 gold, and both buyers and sellers and middlemen agree with the fact that the gold bars are of poor color.
As the seller's representative, Mr. Li wrote in Article 4 of the Proof Materials: "Twenty pieces of gold (220 pieces) were negotiated in advance, and the gold shop master was specially invited to verify the gold quality when the goods were delivered. The fineness of each gold bar taken by Zhang Boju is only over 60%, and the fineness of twenty pieces of gold is only over 13 (over 132). Faced with this situation, Zhang Boju promised to replenish gold in the future. So I gave the painting to Zhang Boju and took it away. Who knows that he has been in arrears since then, and Ma Baoshan has repeatedly come forward to recover. It is said that he gave about three pieces of gold in several times, about 16 (about 172). "
Mr. Chen Chongyuan also wrote the same story in the book. Mr. Li said to him, "I took a touchstone used by the gold shop manager." Zhang Boju paid the gold and tried it face to face with the touchstone. Not 100%, just a little over 60%. 220 is equivalent to more than 130 ounces of pure gold. In the case of a price difference of 60 taels of gold, I delivered the goods, and Zhang Boju promised to make up for it in the near future. I respect Uncle Zhang very much, and I am relieved to have Ma Baoshan as a guarantor. Unexpectedly, Zhang Boju was not rich at that time, and money was tight. Ma Baoshan urged it many times, until 1948 ended, only to make up less than 172, and still owed 320 gold. Later, the situation changed and things fell. "
It is also confirmed in "Saving the Treasure in Changchun". Mr. Ma Guoqing wrote in the article: "A few days ago, Zhang Boju prepared some money, and the two sides agreed to go through the exchange procedures at my home. Zhang Boju only paid more than 60% of gold, accounting for 0/30 of pure gold. Zhang Yiyi promised to make up the difference, and Li personally handed the picture scroll to him. Later, Mr. Wang sold his big quadrangle and some miscellaneous things. Together with his savings, it gradually increased to 170. Due to various reasons, the debt of 320 was delayed indefinitely.
Wang, a senior expert in the Palace Museum, also mentioned in the article "Three Five Events of Contact with Mr. Boju" (Biography, No.8, 2007): "It's really hard to imagine that 40,000 yuan was used to buy 172 yuan of" Reply Post "and" You Chuntu "..."
A few years later, after learning that Mr. Zhang Boju had donated national treasures such as You Chuntu to the country, antique dealers were also very happy. Mr. Li once said to Mr. Chen Chongyuan, "It is touching to bring it up again today after many years! Mr Zhang Boju passed away, and I miss him very much. He protected You Chuntu, a precious cultural heritage of the motherland, and donated it to the country. Our six antique shops are short of thirty taels of gold, which is not worth mentioning! Businessmen just' profit from it', which is the truth. "
Fourth, about Zhang Qun's purchase of You Chuntu.
An article mentioned that Zhang Qun wanted to buy an excellent spring map, which was a rumor at that time, and
There is no definite basis. Zhang Qun did go to Yuchi Mountain House during the period of 1946, but whether it is related to You Chuntu remains to be verified. In his book, Mr. Chen Chongyuan also devoted a paragraph entitled "Two Letters from Zhang Qun to the Fish Pond House" to illustrate this matter. The article said: Zhang Qun has a large collection of calligraphy and painting. Before the Anti-Japanese War, Ma Ji Chuan, the shopkeeper of Yuchi Mountain House in Beijing Liulichang, mounted calligraphy and painting for him. This time, he came to Liulichang and went to the Fish Pond Mountain House. Whether to frame or buy a painting, Ma Jichuan kept it a secret.
Some people in the same trade know that Ma Jichuan once bought a new and oldest famous painting in China in partnership with others-Zhan Ziqian's You Chuntu. They guessed that the painting was for Zhang Qun, and they wanted to buy it. Then, they spread some news far from the truth, which has been circulating for decades. Rumors about "You Chuntu" appeared in Beijing newspapers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The author (decorated by Chen Chongyuan) is fortunate to know Li who bought and sold You Chuntu with Ma Jichuan, and Ma Baoshan, the middleman when You Chuntu was sold. They all said, "You Chuntu was mainly bought and sold by Mu Panchen, the former manager of Mushroom Village in Changchun. This painting was taken to Beiping and has been at the home of Mubanchen. What does Qun think of this matter? ! "
V. Original documentary evidence declared by some parties and some media.
1, Li's Documentary Evidence
Regarding You Chuntu, I can make the following confirmation.
(1) At that time, all the shareholders of You Chuntu had no intention of selling this painting to foreigners.
(2) You Chuntu was not stored in the Fish Pond Mountain House, but in Mu Panchen's home.
(3) No shareholder has the right to dispose of You Chuntu alone.
(4) When it was sold to Zhang Boju, Ma Baoshan was the middleman and I was the seller's representative. I talked with Zhang Boju about 20 pieces of gold in advance, and specially invited a gold shop master to verify the fineness of the gold when paying. The fineness of each gold bar held by Zhang Boju is only over 60%, and the fineness of 20 pieces of gold is only over 13. Faced with this situation, Zhang Boju promised to replenish gold in the future. So I gave the painting to Zhang Boju and took it away. Who knows that he has been in arrears since then, and Ma Baoshan has repeatedly come forward to recover. It is said that he gave about three gold coins several times, with * * * more than 16.
Li Zhuoqing 199 1.2.2 1
2. In February, Dangdai magazine published a letter from Ma Jichuan's eldest daughter on page 199 1.
After reading Comrade Zheng Li's documentary novel You Chuntu after the Legend, I deeply feel that some plots are contrary to the truth and need to be clarified.
Li, one of the shareholders of You Chuntu written in the scripture, and Mr. Wang Yikun, an insider of the Advanced Institute of Calligraphy and Painting Appreciation of the Palace Museum and a world cultural celebrity, confirmed that none of the shareholders of the painting had any intention of selling the painting to foreigners. It is also confirmed that the painting has been kept in the home of Mu Panchen, the buyer, and Ma Ji Chuan, the manager of Fish Pond Mountain House, is only one of the shareholders, and has neither the right of decentralization nor the right of separate disposal. What Ma Jichuan wrote in this article ignored the opinions of the acquirer and other shareholders, and what he did was contrary to the facts.
because
Reader: Ma
90. 1 1.30
3. Written statement by Mr. Shi Xinsheng, a contributor to CCTV's "National Treasure Archives"
statement
I wrote four episodes of "You Chuntu" for CCTV-4 "National Treasure Archives", in which it was mentioned that Mr. Ma Ji Chuan tried to sell this painting to foreigners, and Ma Ji Chuan once sold it to Zhang Boju. The actual situation is that the information provided by Ma Yi Shu, the family member of Ma Ji Chuan, shows that all the shareholders of the painting have no intention of selling it to foreigners, and the painting has been kept in the home of the buyer Mu Panchen. Ma Jichuan, manager of Fish Pond Mountain House, is only one of the shareholders, and he has neither the right of decentralization nor the right of separate disposal. Hereby corrected.
The author declares that if any form of film and television creation of You Chuntu involves the above-mentioned plot, if I write or create, or cancel Ma Jichuan's name to create pure literature, or adopt Ma Jichuan's name, I will write according to the above-mentioned historical facts. Hereby declare.
Author: Shi Xinsheng
March 28(th), 2006
4. Some references
(1) Chen Chongyuan's Talking about Old Antiques (Beijing Publishing House, 1996, 10).
(2) Ma Guoqing's "Saving the Treasure in Changchun" (China Cultural Relics, No.02, 2004).
(3) Wang's Contact with Mr. Boju on March 35 (Biography, No.8, 2007).
(4) The story of Beijing-The framed old Beijing became a legend, the messenger of Beijing Daily.
(5) Witness Mr. Wang Yikun wrote to Ms. Ma on September 5 1990.
(6) Mr. Witness1990165438+1October 22nd wrote to Ms. Ma.
At this point, some facts about Mr. Ji Chuan and You Chuntu have been explained, and the truth has come to light. The dead should be glad to be under the grave. Here, Mr. Ji Chuan's descendants entrusted the author to express heartfelt thanks to the late two old gentlemen, Li and Ma Baoshan, and expressed deep admiration for their spirit of respecting historical facts, being outspoken and daring to clarify the truth. At the same time, I also express my sincere respect and gratitude to Mr. Chen Chongyuan for his pragmatic and serious literary creation.
Beijing, 5-4 June 2008