The introduction to the awarding of the first Nobel Prize explains: the time of awarding, the awarder and awarding organization, and the awards established by the Nobel Prize.

"The Awarding of the First Nobel Prize" is a newly selected text [1-2] in the eighth-grade junior high school Chinese language volume of the People's Education Press (2017 autumn revised edition), and was read aloud by Weidong.

This text is selected from "A Century of Good Articles - Reuters News Works". This news reports the details of the awarding of the first Nobel Prize. The article details the nationality, name, awards and contributions of the winners. At the same time, it also clarifies the awarding organization, award time, location, etc. This news is factually accurate and the content is detailed and appropriate. It is a masterpiece among news.

Extended information:

Each Nobel Prize-awarding unit has a committee composed of five people responsible for the selection work. The committee’s term of office is three years. Except for the announcement of the final winner's name, the list of candidates will not be made public for 50 years. The selection process and principles are:

——The first step in the selection process is to recommend candidates. The work of recommending candidates ends before February 1 of each year, and the recommender submits the recommendation report to the relevant selection agency around September. The selection committee will announce the selection results in mid-October after discussing the candidates' achievements. The evaluation of candidates by various Nobel Prize selection committees is conducted in secret.

——From September each year to January 31 of the following year, candidates recommended for various Nobel Prizes are accepted. Usually 1,000-2,000 candidates are recommended each year.

——Starting from February 1st, the various Nobel Prize committees will screen and review the recommended candidates, and the work status will be kept strictly confidential. By September, the winners in each field have been basically determined, and then the jury will convene a meeting to make a formal decision.

——In the second week of October, this year’s Nobel Prize winner is selected. The election results will be announced and the winners will be notified immediately.

——December 10th is the anniversary of Nobel’s death. On this day, Nobel Prize awarding ceremonies were held in Stockholm and Oslo (Peace Prize) respectively. In Sweden, the king awards the prize to the winner.

In his will, Nobel donated about 1 million Swedish kronor to more than a dozen relatives and friends, and the remaining part (31 million Swedish kronor) was used to establish the Nobel Prize. The content of the Nobel Prize in his will is as follows:

I, the undersigned, Alfred Bernhard Nobel, do hereby declare, after careful consideration, that the following is my will concerning the disposition of my estate upon my death:

I hereby request the executor to dispose of the remaining property that I can cash out in the following ways: convert the above property into cash, and then make safe and reliable investments; use this fund to establish a foundation to use the funds generated by the fund. Interest is awarded annually to those who have made outstanding contributions to mankind in the previous year. Divide the interest into five equal parts and distribute them as follows:

One share will be awarded to the person who has made the most significant discovery or invention in physics;

One share will be awarded to the person who made the most significant discovery or invention in chemistry. One award is given to the person who has made the most important discovery or improvement;

One award is given to the person who has made the most important discovery in the field of medicine and physiology;

One award is given to the person who has made the most important discovery or improvement in the field of literature. The best work with an ideal tendency;

The last award is given to the person who has made the greatest efforts or made the greatest contribution to promoting national unity and friendship, abolishing or reducing the standing army, and organizing and publicizing peace conferences. people.

The Physics Prize and the Chemistry Prize are awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm; the Medicine and Physiology Prize is awarded by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm; the Literature Prize is awarded by the Stockholm Academy of Letters; the Peace Prize is awarded by a 5-member committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament. Issued.

No consideration will be given to the nationality of the winning candidate, i.e. whoever is most qualified should receive the prize regardless of whether he or she is Scandinavian or not, I hereby declare , it is my urgent wish to grant the bonus in this way...

This is a valid will among all my wills. After my death, any previous wills related to the disposition of property will be invalidated.

The most coincidental: birthday gift

On October 10, 2007, the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was announced. The German scientist Gerhard Ettel was awarded for his research in the field of surface chemistry. Lucky enough to receive the award for his outstanding contributions. Coincidentally, that day happened to be Ettel's 71st birthday.

The most depressing: 55 years of waiting

In 1911, Routh announced the great discovery that tumors are caused by viruses. However, it never attracted the attention of the Nobel Prize Committee. As a result, Routh waited 55 years until he was 85 to receive the award.

Youngest: Awarded at the age of 17

As of 2017, the youngest Nobel laureate is Pakistani Malala Yousaf Zai. On October 10, 2014, he and Kailash Satyarthi won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for "fighting for exploited children and young people and for the right of all children to receive education." , the youngest winner of the award.

Oldest: Winner at the age of 90

As of 2017, the oldest Nobel laureate is Leonid Hovich, born in Moscow, Russia, in 1917 , and later became a U.S. citizen. As of 2017, he is an honorary professor of economics at the University of Minnesota. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to three American economists, Leonid Hurwich, Eric Maskin, and Roger Myerson, for their creation and development of "mechanism design theory." contributions. At 90 years old, he became the oldest Nobel Prize winner in history. He died in 2008.

Most concentrated: Curie family

Mrs. Curie and her husband once won the Nobel Prize. Later, Mrs. Curie won again. More than 20 years later, their eldest daughter also won the Nobel Prize. Her husband Joliot discovered artificial radioactive substances and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together, inheriting the scientific career of the Curies.

Best Brothers: The Tinbergen Brothers

Jane Tinbergen and Nicholas Tinbergen are the two brothers who have won the Nobel Prize among all the recipients.

In 1969, Jan Tinbergen and Ragnar Frisch*** both won the Nobel Prize in Economics.

In 1973, Nicholas Tinbergen, Carl von Foley, and Konrad Lorenz made significant contributions to the formation and stimulation of individual and group behavior of animals,* **Won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-The First Nobel Prize Award