Demand and supply will form a market. In essence, the black market is actually a natural market. But since human beings have the consciousness of civilization, all behaviors have been divided into good and evil, and then morality and law have been formed. The so-called black market is an immoral or illegal trading market. However, this demand and supply still exist, so both sides of the transaction will find ways to move from the ground to the underground, thus forming a black market.

Cattle is an indirect form of black market, and it is also an indispensable direct factor for the formation of black market.

Cattle refers to the common name of intermediary organizations that monopolize and sell limited participation rights and commodities to obtain profits outside the legal sales channels. The word scalper comes from Shanghai, China in the last century, which means that scalpers often rush to buy tickets like scalpers, so they are called scalpers or scalpers. It is illegal in many places, because the behavior of scalpers combining anonymous speculation for profit has seriously affected the legitimate sales channels. It extends to all kinds of goods or services that can be obtained through special ways (or typical queuing, or hoarding limited commodities, or relying on special social status or interests like "judicial scalpers"), and these goods or services are monopolized for profit on a large scale (not necessarily tickets, but also passport waiting numbers, forms, or collectible items such as signature jerseys, limited issue of souvenirs, etc.). ), and people with urgent needs in society may be willing to pay a high price to accept them, and scalpers appear; Even if it is not sold for profit, it also reflects the fairness of commodity circulation channels and their business models to some extent.

From microeconomics, scalpers try to monopolize the supply of high-demand tickets, which is mostly caused by the limited supply, and scalpers can manipulate the resale ticket prices to earn huge profits; On the other hand, it is more difficult to buy tickets (for example, Hong Kong Disneyland needs to book tickets in advance) or it is already in a state of imbalance between supply and demand, which also makes scalper tickets in different places valuable and marketable. Therefore, in addition to administrative means, when external conditions change to reduce demand or increase supply, scalpers can't maintain costs, let alone make profits, even if they monopolize more.

Scalpers are not allowed to sell tickets at a price higher than the original ticket. For example, free coupons for the opening ceremony of the 2006 World Cup can be sold at ordinary ticket prices to make a profit. Moreover, the place where scalpers appear does not necessarily reflect the fact that demand exceeds supply; In 1980s, the shortage of air tickets in Chinese mainland was caused by ticket dealers' hoarding, which was a scalper who used high prices to make profits.