Ancient seal is the general name of pre-Qin seal. The earliest seals that can be seen now are mostly ancient seals in the Warring States period. Many words of these ancient seals are still unknown to us. Most ancient seals in Zhu Wen are equipped with wide edges. The strokes of seals are as thin as hair, and they are all cast. The ancient seal script in white language is made by adding more side bars or vertical grids in the middle, and the characters are cast and chiseled.

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Ten methods of seal cutting?

1, leveling

This is the most basic point, that is, to make the sealing arrangement symmetrical and suitable. However, it is worth noting that strokes cannot fill the space in zigzag, nor can they be as rigid as type. Generally speaking, people with too many strokes don't realize its complexity, and people with too few strokes don't realize its scarcity. China, Indian and famous artists have many excellent works, which can be studied carefully.

2. Density and uniformity

The ancients sometimes used the method of "wide strokes and dense needles" to deal with seals with large differences in the number of characters on the surface of seals. Instead of letting more strokes occupy more land, they give more status to fewer strokes, thus making the contrast between density and density stronger and giving people a deep impression. Sometimes we can adjust variant characters and traditional characters, and artificially arrange the density (such as ten thousand, none, first class) to make them unified.

3, Qiao Zhuo, thickness

The styles of seals should be diversified, and "Qiao" and "Zhuo" are two different styles. But the pursuit of "cleverness" cannot be lost: the pursuit of "clumsiness" cannot be lost. Many clever words in printing are clumsy, and many clumsy words are clever. In traditional art, "beauty" is not a good word and is often used as a derogatory term. The author doesn't want his work to be rated as "too beautiful".

The thickness of the seal is related to the author's calligraphy and epigraphy. More attention and analysis should be paid to the natural treatment of line thickness in antique seals and famous seals.

4, increase or decrease, repeat

In order to print properly, it is sometimes necessary to add or subtract some words, but it should be noted that a printed matter must not be added or subtracted word by word, and must not add or subtract too many strokes; Increase or decrease does not hinder the meaning of the word, without losing the seal style. If you change it to another word after adding or subtracting, or it is unnecessary to add or subtract, it will be self-defeating.

There are repeated words in the seal, which are generally replaced by two dots. If they don't appear one after another, seal cutting should be changed to avoid similarity and monotony.

5. Move and echo

Transfer printing refers to the method of expanding and contracting the position of words and moving the position of strokes when the words can't be filled or the strokes can't be straight, so as to broaden the momentum of the whole printing. The echo here mainly refers to the two identical parts in the composition (including space), which are made to function in this way through artificial emphasis.

Generally, there are "diagonal echo", "opposite echo", "winding echo" and "leaving red echo".

6, winding, replacement

Some fonts are square, some are round, some are curved, and some are straight. In order to match the composition, a single character can be regarded as Fiona Fang, but everything depends on the printed text. If the same content needs to be printed continuously, you need to change the font, or increase or decrease, adjust its font structure and position, or increase the print box, or change the genre style, change the vermilion and so on.

In order to make them not exactly the same, even several parallel lines should be changed in thickness, length, twists and turns, setbacks, slopes, etc., in order to break through the dull and stagnant situation.

7, interspersed, pen

Sometimes, in order to break the rules of the tablet and make the words look at each other, the strokes inside often expand and contract with the potential, and the upper part is connected with the lower part to achieve potential connection. However, this method should be used with caution to avoid self-defeating. Sometimes there are too many trivial strokes or too many parallel lines in white printing, so we can treat the words as "pens" and make the whole printing muddy.

The combination of painting and calligraphy is equivalent to the "ink infiltration" in painting and calligraphy, but it often ends to a certain extent. It is necessary to prevent the external bulge, but also to keep the inner narrow, rather than being able to achieve it at will. Pay attention to learning the brushwork in famous seals when printing.

8. Keep red and blank

The blank space of the seal is called red on white background and blank in Zhu's place. Especially the white text, leaving a large area of red, can give readers a strong impression. Seal cutting pays attention to square space, which is the most important thing. Just like building a house, the location of doors and windows must be determined before design, and it is not uncommon for ancient seals and famous artists to plan where to leave blank when designing Yin Gao.

9, clutch deformation

Separation is to separate those glyphs that are too cramped and spread messengers; Combination is to connect those glyphs too loosely, so as not to cause the feeling of few words. But it would be nice to have a coherent clutch, no separation, no constraint. Some words have different strokes and lines, so it is necessary to change some positions of their fonts to make them grow into squares or squares, so as to achieve unity and harmony and give people a sense of freshness.

10, Wen, He Wen

Generally, seal script is arranged from top to bottom and from right to left, but sometimes for the need of layout, characters with different complexity and simplicity are arranged diagonally and symmetrically, and the arrangement order of characters is treated counterclockwise, which is called "characters". Sometimes, arranging a single number as balanced as a double number, or processing a simple and complicated text or two simpler words from only one word, is called "combined text".

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Seal