Montage,

The transliteration of a combination of literature, music or art, originally an architectural term, meaning composition and assembly. Now it is the main narrative method and expression method in film and television creation. 1. Generally includes two aspects: picture editing and picture synthesis.

Screen editing: a unified picture work composed of many pictures or patterns juxtaposed or superimposed. Picture synthesis: the art of making this combination. Or process. A movie arranges and combines a series of shots taken in different locations, from different distances and angles, and in

different ways to narrate the plot and portray the characters. But when different sets of shots are connected together , often produce meanings that each shot does not have when it exists alone. For example, the shot of Chaplin driving a crowd of workers into the factory door is connected with the shot of the herd of sheep; Pudovkin combined the footage of the melting glaciers in the spring with the footage of the workers' demonstration, giving the original footage a new meaning. Love

Sunstein believed that the footage of the melting spring was linked to the footage of the workers' demonstration. When used together, the effect is "not the sum of two numbers, but the product of two numbers." With the function of montage, movies enjoy great freedom in time and space, and can even form the same time as in real life

Film time and film space are not consistent in space. Montage can produce a third action besides actor movements and camera movements, thus affecting the rhythm of the film. As early as not long after the advent of the film, American directors, especially Ge

Riffes, noticed the role of film montage. Later Soviet directors Kuleshov, Eisenstein and Pudovkin successively discussed and summarized the laws and theories of montage, forming the montage school. Their related

The work has had a profound impact on film creation. Montage originally referred to the relationship between images and images. After the emergence of sound films and color films, images and sounds (voices, sound, music) , sound and sound, color

color and color, light and shadow, the application of montage has a broader world. There are many names for montage, and there is no clear grammatical standard and classification so far, but The film industry generally tends to be divided into three categories: narrative, lyrical and

rational (including symbolic, contrastive and metaphorical). After the Second World War, the French film theorist Bazin (Andr Bazin (1918-1958) objected to the role of montage. He believed that montage imposed the director's point of view on the audience and limited the ambiguity of the film. He advocated the use of depth-of-field shots and scene scheduling to shoot continuously for long periods of time. Lens shooting

produces films, believing that only in this way can the integrity of the plot space and the real time flow be maintained. However, the role of montage cannot be denied. Film artists have always used both montage and long shots to create films. .Also

Some people think that long shots actually use camera movements and actor scheduling to change the scope and content of the shot, and call it "internal montage".

Briefly Montage is to shoot a film into many shots according to the content of the film

and the psychological sequence of the audience, and then combine them according to the original concept. In a nutshell : Montage is a means of joining together split shots. It can be seen from this that montage is the shot taken by the camera, according to the logic of life, the order of reasoning, the author's point of view and aesthetics The means of combining principles. First, it is the use of cameras, and then the use of editing methods. Of course, the montage of movies is mainly created through the re-creation of directors, photographers and editors. Realized. The screenwriter of the movie designs a blueprint for future movies, the director of the movie uses montage to recreate it on the basis of this blueprint, and finally the photographer uses the expressive power of the film's modeling to concretely embody it.

In the production of a movie, the director shoots many shots according to the theme of the script or the film, and then combines these different shots according to the original creative concept

Organize and edit together organically and artistically to make

It produces connections such as coherence, contrast, association, and suspense, as well as different rhythms, so as to selectively form a film that reflects a certain social life, thoughts and feelings and is understood and loved by a broad audience. , these forms and methods of composition are called montage.

To sum up, it can be seen that the basic element of the film is the lens, and the main method and means of connecting the lens is montage. Moreover, it can be said that montage is a unique expression method of film art. Since the smallest unit of a film is the lens, then, what exactly is the lens, the basic element of the film?

It is the same as montage. What does it matter? We know that a lens is a piece of film shot from different angles, at different focal lengths, at different times, and processed differently. In fact, from the perspective of the lens

Since the beginning of production, we have been using montage techniques. As far as the lens is concerned, shooting from different angles will naturally have different artistic effects. For example, front shot, overhead shot, overhead shot, side shot, backlighting, filtering, etc., etc. The effects are obviously different

For lenses shot with the same focal length, the effects are also different. For example, the effects of long shots, panoramic shots, medium shots, close shots, close-ups, extreme close-ups, etc. are also different. Furthermore, shots after different processing will also produce different artistic effects. In addition, due to the use of spaces, shrinking, promotion and other techniques, various specific artistic effects will also be produced. Effect. Besides, due to the different time taken during shooting, long lens and short lens are produced. The length of the lens will also cause different effects.

At the same time, in When connecting scenes and paragraphs, you can choose to use different connection methods

according to different amplitudes of changes, different rhythms and different emotional needs, such as fade, dissolve, draw, cut, circle, pinch, Push, pull, etc. In short, what kind of shots are shot, what kind of shots are arranged together, and what method is used to connect the arranged shots, the filmmakers

solve this series of problems The method and means is montage. If pictures and sounds are the "vocabulary" used by the film director to communicate with the audience, then the rules of combining pictures and sounds into shots and using the combination of shots to form a film

The montage method used is the director's "grammar". For a film director, mastering these basic principles does not mean mastering the "grammar". The specific content and beauty of montage in each film

The pursuit of learning often presents a variety of faces. For the audience, montage is from division to division. For the director, montage first goes from combining to dividing, that is, cutting, and then from dividing to combining. That is, combination. The smallest unit of cutting

is the shot, so the director should write a split-shot script. As an audience, how should we appreciate the director's art from the perspective of montage? In the final analysis, montage is what the director uses A method of telling stories; listeners always hope that the story can be told smoothly, vividly, and contagiously, and can arouse the audience's associations and arouse the audience's interest. These requirements are fully applicable to montage. Audience It is not just content to understand the outline of the plot, or generally understand the ideas of the film, but requires a clear and smooth perception of every link and detail of the film's narrative process. A montage of a film must first It should be understood by the audience.

Nowadays, a contemporary story film generally consists of about five

hundred to one thousand shots. The scene of each shot is different, The angle, length, form of movement, and the way the picture and sound are combined all contain elements of montage. It can be said that montage has been used since the beginning of the lens. At the same time, in the process of adjusting the lens The processing of angle, focal length, and length already contains the will, emotion, praise and criticism, and ingenuity of the photographer.

In the arrangement, combination, and connection of lenses, filming

The subjective intention of the author is reflected more clearly. Because each lens does not exist in isolation, its form must be related to the upper and lower lenses connected to it, and different relationships produce continuity, jump, enhancement, and reduction

p> Weak, different artistic effects such as parallelism and contrast. On the other hand, the combination of shots not only plays a role in vividly describing the content of the shots, but also produces new meanings that each isolated shot itself may not be able to express. Griffey Si's first attempt to use montage in film history was an experiment that combined a shot of a man on a desert island with a close-up of his wife waiting at home. , after such "grouping", the audience felt "waiting" and "sorrow", and a new and special imagination was produced. Another example is to arrange a group of short shots together and use The artistic effect of connecting the same group of shots using a quick cut method will be quite different if they are connected using a "lightening" or "brightening" method.

For another example, if you connect the following three shots A, B, and C in different orders, different contents and meanings will appear.

A. A person is laughing; B. A pistol Pointing straight; C. The same person has a look of fear on his face.

If connected in the order A-B-C, the audience will feel that the person is a coward or a coward. Now, the camera remains unchanged. As long as we change the order of the above shots, we will come to the opposite conclusion.

C. A person's face shows a look of fear, B. A pistol is pointed directly; A. , the same person is laughing.

In this way, changing the order of the shots in a scene, without changing each shot itself, completely changes the meaning of a scene and draws the opposite conclusion. Obtaining completely different effects.

This kind of coherent organizational arrangement is the use of the unique montage method of film art, which is what we are talking about about the structure of the film. From From the above example, we can see the importance of this arrangement and combination structure. It is an important means of organizing materials to express the ideas of the film. At the same time, due to the different arrangements and combinations, This produces different artistic effects such as positive and negative, dark and shallow, strong and weak.

Soviet film master

Eisenstein believed that adding A shot to B shot is not The simple synthesis of the two shots A and B will become the new content and concept of the C shot. He clearly pointed out: "The alignment of the two montage shots is not the sum of two numbers, but more like the sum of two numbers.

The product of two numbers - this fact was correct before, and it still seems to be correct today. The reason why it is more like the product of two numbers than the sum of two numbers is that the result of the permutation is qualitatively (if If I am willing to use mathematical terms, that is, in the "dimension", it is always different from each individual component. Let's give another example. Woman - this is a picture. Mourning clothes - this is also a picture; both pictures can

be expressed in real objects. The 'widow' produced by the juxtaposition of these two pictures can no longer be expressed in real objects. What can be expressed is a new representation, a new concept, and a new image."

From this

it can be seen that the use of montage techniques can make the lens more vivid. The connection generates new meanings, which greatly enriches the expressive power of film art, thereby enhancing the appeal of film art. Regarding this issue, we can also get a very good idea from a phenomenon in physics

Big inspiration: As we all know, carbon and diamond are two substances that are the same in terms of their molecular composition. But one is surprisingly brittle and the other is extremely hard. Why? Scientists study

The results prove that it is caused by different molecular arrangements (character structures). This means that the same material, due to different arrangements, can produce such completely opposite results, which is really thought-provoking.