Tongzhi is the title of Mu Zong Aisingiorro Zai Chun. He is the tenth emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the eighth emperor after the Qing army entered the customs. The corresponding years are from the first year of Tongzhi (1862) to the thirteenth year of Tongzhi (1874), around *** 13.

Xianfeng eleven years (186 1), died in chengde mountain resort on August 22nd at the age of 3 1, and his son Zai Chun succeeded him. Empress Dowager Cixi adopted the memorial of Zhou Zupei, a great scholar, and abolished the title of "Jixiang" proposed by the original eight ministers, and changed it to the title of "Tongzhi".

"Tongzhi" means that the Empress Dowager of the two palaces will rule the same dynasty in the near future, or that the Empress Dowager of the two palaces and other ministers will manage state affairs (Tongzhi also refers to Shunzhi). Empress dowager cixi was very happy to hear this, and issued an imperial decree, taking the second year as the first year of Tongzhi.

That is, 1862 is the first year of tongzhi, 1863 is the second year of tongzhi, and so on, and the ninth year of tongzhi is 1870.

Extended data:

Historical events in Tongzhi years:

1, Tianjin teaching plan

Tianjin religious plan was a religious plan that shocked China and foreign countries in Tianjin from 65438 to 0870 (nine years of Tongzhi). Tianjin people, under the protection of the patriarch (France), attacked Catholic institutions in order to oppose Catholic missionary work, resulting in dozens of people being killed;

Later, the church used force, foreign warships came to Tianjin, and the ministers of the seven countries protested at the Prime Minister's yamen. The foreign compromise made by the Qing government afterwards also caused great controversy.

2. Youyang teaching plan

1On August 29th, 865, the French missionary Mabile was beaten to death in Youyang, Sichuan, and the first religious case occurred in Youyang.

After the Second Opium War, a large number of foreign missionaries flooded into Sichuan. French missionaries were the first invaders. 1February 865, the people of Youyang could not bear to be bullied by the church. Under Liu's leadership, hundreds of people angrily destroyed the church. In August, East Sichuan responded to the wind.

There is a sign hanging in front of the yamen of Youyang Mansion, calling for "eliminating Catholicism and uprooting grass". Squire Feng and others killed the priest Ma Biao who came to "comfort the parishioners". Bernard, the French minister, threatened to send troops into Sichuan, forcing the Qing government to execute the people Ran Laowu, sentenced two people to fixed-term imprisonment and paid 82,000 yuan in compensation. The Qing government humiliated and compromised, and French priests became more fearless.

Li Guo (Li Guoan), a French priest, organized armed forces in Youyang, built forts, and instigated some hooligans who were bought into the cult to run amok in the village and kill the villagers. The parishioners in Huoshiya and Maobachang even gathered to camp and "raped, burned and killed". ?

The code of the Qing government only offended Shuna and turned a blind eye to it. However, the contradiction between Youyang people and foreign invaders in religious cloaks is more acute. Just one year after the conclusion of the Ma Bile case, the second Youyang religious case broke out, which shocked the whole country.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Tianjin Teaching Plan

Baidu Encyclopedia-Youyang Teaching Plan

Baidu encyclopedia-tongzhi