Bianjing is located in today’s Kaifeng City, Henan Province.

During the Warring States Period, the State of Wei established its capital here, which was called "Daliang". The iron smelting industry was developed and prosperous. After experiencing natural disasters caused by floods in the Yellow River, it was almost reduced to ruins and extremely decayed. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the country was fragmented. The geographical conditions of Kaifeng were very suitable for the development of agricultural economy. As the basis for unifying the world, Bianjing became the capital of the Later Liang, the Later Jin, the Later Han and the Later Zhou.

Bai Juyi described Kaifeng Road in his poem "Sui Diliu": "At the end of the great cause, in the late spring and late moon, the willows were as colorful as smoke and catkins." Emperor Qianlong also left behind "Wind Leaves and Wuqing" when he paraded in Kaifeng to appreciate chrysanthemums. There is a beautiful saying about "falling frost and hundreds of chrysanthemums".

For centuries, whether it was called Bianliang, Tokyo or Kaifeng, this land and this city have always been a prosperous place of flowers and willows and a prosperous country that has lasted for hundreds of years. It is no wonder that after the capital of the Song Dynasty moved south to Lin'an, people on the banks of the beautiful West Lake will still miss Kaifeng. They said: "The warm wind makes tourists drunk, and they call Hangzhou Bianzhou."

Extended information :

Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was the most prosperous and largest city in the world at that time. In 961 AD, Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chenqiao Mutiny" to seize the throne and establish the Song Dynasty. In the next twenty or thirty years, he and his brother Zhao Guangyi commanded the army and continued to conquer, ending the split of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. The Liao and Jin Dynasties successively emerged in the north, posing a certain threat to the Northern Song Dynasty, which finally led to the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1127 AD. Although the actual territory of the two Song Dynasties was limited, they created miracles of ancient Chinese commerce.

Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was a metropolis with a population of more than one million, and there were more than 6,400 shops in the city. The central street in Bianjing is called Yujie, which is two hundred steps wide and has imperial corridors on both sides of the road. The government of the Northern Song Dynasty changed the old rules in the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties that residents were not allowed to open their doors to the streets or engage in trading activities outside the designated market squares, and allowed citizens to open shops in the imperial corridors and do business along the streets. In order to activate economic and cultural life, the curfew was also relaxed, and the city gates were closed very late and opened very early.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Bianjing