Is the personal paternity test report signed by the appraiser? The paternity test report shall be signed by the appraiser. The general judicial paternity test report will be signed by more than two qualified people, and finally there will be the institutional legal person seal and the official seal of judicial appraisal. Usually, nucleated cells containing DNA in human body can be used as samples for DNA identification, so there are many things that can be used as DNA paternity samples, such as human blood, blood stains, hair (hair follicles at the root of hair), body fluids, muscles and so on.
Because the human nail itself is collagen, the exposed part is keratinized and does not contain DNA information, so the nail itself cannot be used as a DNA paternity. Unless it's pulling out your toenails. Because there is a part embedded in the fingertip, that is, the root of the nail, this part of the nail contains more DNA, which can be extracted for paternity test, and sent to the paternity test within one week after the nail is taken out. Of course, it is not impossible to do paternity test for a long time, because a long time will affect DNA testing, and there is no guarantee that results will be produced. However, no matter how long it takes, whether DNA can be extracted can be tested, as long as the results are produced, it will not affect the appraisal conclusion. Children who are too young should not use their nails for paternity testing. Generally speaking, it is not recommended for children under 3 years old to use nails for testing because there are more convenient and reliable testing materials. For children, we suggest using oral swab as the test material for DNA paternity.
Generally speaking, nails can be paternity tested, just nails that need to be pulled out.
How to do paternity test 1, blood type test: the blood type test of paternity test is to confirm the parent-child relationship through the comparison of blood types. According to Mendel's genetic law confirmed at the end of 19, people realize that human blood types are passed on to the next generation according to genetic genes, so children born to parents of a certain blood type also have corresponding blood types, which lays the foundation for blood type identification of parent-child relationship.
The blood type system used for blood type detection to determine parent-child relationship mainly includes:
abo blood group system
MN blood group system
Blood group of rhesus monkey
Ss blood group system
Hp blood group system
The more blood group systems tested, the higher the accuracy. If the blood type test results show that there is no kinship, the conclusion of negative paternity can be made, but the result of kinship cannot be completely determined as paternity.
In 1970s, it was found that the antigens of white blood cells could be used for paternity testing, with an accuracy rate of 80%. Combined with blood type test, it can achieve high accuracy.
2.DNA identification: dna paternity is the most accurate method to determine the parent-child relationship at present, and human blood, hair and oral cells can be used as samples for identification and detection, which is very convenient.
Using STR typing technology for paternity testing, as long as 18 loci are detected, if all gene loci are consistent, and the calculation result reaches over 99.99%, the paternity can be determined. If there are three or more different loci, you can 100% exclude the parent-child relationship; If one or two loci are different, we should consider the possibility of gene mutation and detect some loci to identify them.
3. Identification of chromosome polymorphism: the technique of identifying parent-child relationship by using chromosome polymorphism. Chromosome polymorphism, also known as heteromorphism, refers to the slight variation of various chromosome forms common to normal people, and this polymorphism can be inherited. This technology uses its form to identify parent-child relationship, which depends on the subjective judgment of technicians, and its accuracy is not satisfactory.