The war of Wei destroying Shu was an annexation war in the late Three Kingdoms period, and it was also a war of the strong destroying the weak. In 263 AD, Wei Jiang Zhong Hui and Deng Ai led an army to attack Shu. Shu generals Jiang Wei and Liao Hua took the dangerous road of Jiange (now Jiange, Sichuan) as a barrier and led troops to block Wei Jun. Cao Wei's army was blocked by the Shu army and was ready to retreat. Wargo adopted the strategy of circuitous straight line. When Jiange was at loggerheads with the Shu army, Zhong Hui led elite troops to bypass the level tone (now northwest of Wenxian County, Gansu Province), crossed a lonely path of more than 700 miles, cut the mountain to clear the way, secretly went south, and soon arrived in Jiangyou (now north of Jiangyou, Sichuan Province), attacking the Shu army from behind and putting Jiang Wei's army in a useless place. Liu Chan lost the Jiange barrier. In the case of Enemy at the Gates, he could do nothing but surrender to Wei Jun. Shu has perished. Historical background

From 247 to 262, the Shu-Han Dynasty launched a war against Wei through the general Jiang Wei, and its strength was increasingly consumed. In addition, the late ruler Liu Chan favored eunuch Huang Hao and failed to govern Japan. Jiang Wei once impeached Huang Hao, but was forced by Huang Hao and was disgusted with Jiang Wei's repeated attacks on Wei. Jiang Wei had no choice but to stay in the wilderness and support the northern defense. The internal and external differences were serious. As for Cao Wei, Sima Yi gained actual control over Wei after the incident of Gao Ping Ling, and by the time he arrived in Si Mazhao, the emperor of Cao Wei had already existed in name only. Externally, General Wargo defeated Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditionary Army many times, and also won the battle of Shouchun, and began to prepare to conquer Shu and unify the world. The ministers of the DPRK and China all thought it was impossible, but Zhong Hui supported it. Si Mazhao decided to take Shu first, then cut Wu, ordered people to build ships to attack Wu quickly after destroying Shu, and sent bells to guard Guanzhong and prepare to go south. War process

The situation of both parties

During the period from 247 to 262, the Shu-Han Dynasty launched a war against Wei through the general Jiang Wei, and its strength was gradually consumed (see Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition for details). Besides, Emperor Liu Chan liked eunuch Huang Hao, who didn't govern Japan. Jiang Wei once impeached Huang Hao, but was forced by Huang Hao and was disgusted with Jiang Wei's repeated attacks on Wei. Jiang Wei had no choice but to stay in the wilderness and support the northern defense. The internal and external differences were serious. As for Cao Wei, after the Gao Ping Ling incident, Sima gained substantial control over Wei, and by the time Sima Shi came to power, the emperor of Cao Wei had existed in name only. Externally, General Wargo defeated Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditionary Army many times, and Si Mazhao also won the battle of Shouchun, so he began to prepare to conquer Shu and Han to unify the world. The ministers of the DPRK and China all thought it was impossible, but Zhong supported it. Decided to seek Shu first, then cut Wu, ordered people to build ships to destroy Shu and then attack Wu quickly, and sent Zhong Hui to guard Guanzhong and prepare to go south. Jiang Wei heard about Wei's plan, played it, and suggested sending troops to guard the bridge between Yangpingguan and Yinping. However, Liu Chan listened to Huang Hao's ghost theory, ignored Jiang Wei's suggestion and didn't let the courtiers know about it.

South of Wei Jun

In August 263,180,000 Wei Jun went south in three ways: Wargo led more than 30,000 people out of Didao and directly attacked Jiang Wei in Gan Song and Tuzhong; The Central Route Army led by Zhuge Xu has more than 30,000 troops, cutting off Jiang Wei's back road from Qishan to Wu Jie and the bridgehead of level tone. The main force of the East Route Army led by Zhong Hui100,000 people marched into Hanzhong from Gu Jie, Luogu and Woods Valley in three ways. After hearing the news, Liu Chan ordered Liao Hua to reinforce Jiang Wei; Zhang Yi and Dong Jue were sent to Yangpingguan to guard Zhong Huijun. In September, Wei Jun officially launched an all-out attack, but Liu Chan ordered the Shu army in Hanzhong to retreat before reinforcements arrived, which made Wei Lu's commander move forward. Zhong Hui personally led the troops to attack Yangpingguan, and sent Li Fu to attack Wang Han of Lecheng, Xun Kai and Jiang Bin to attack Seoul, and Liu Qin joined forces with the main force from Woods Valley. Fu Qian, commander of Yangpingguan, wanted to open the door to meet the enemy, but the minister of foreign affairs suggested sticking to Yangpingguan, but Fu Qian wouldn't listen. Jiang Shu surrendered and Fu Qian died of anger. After Wei Jun invaded Yangpingguan, Lecheng and Seoul were also breached, and the East Route Army continued to March to match Jiange.

At the same time, the marked army also launched an attack. Wargo ordered Tianshui satrap Wang Qi, Longxi satrap Hong Qian and Jincheng satrap Yang Chi to attack Jiang Wei in the east, west and north. However, because Jiang Wei learned that Wei Jun had entered Hanzhong, he was worried that Yang 'an Pass would be lost and Jiange was in danger, so he did not resist and fought and retreated, hoping to get to Jiange for help as soon as possible. However, the route army has entered the Yinping Bridge from Qishan, cutting off Jiang Wei's retreat. In order to distract Wei Jun, Jiang Wei led his army around the rear of Zhuge Xu from Konghan Valley and pretended to attack. Zhuge Xu was afraid that his posterior route would be broken, so he hurried back three miles. Jiang Wei took the opportunity to turn back and immediately crossed the bridge. When Zhuge Xu realized that he was at the scene, the Shu army was far away and could not catch up. Jiang Wei retreated south from the bridge to level tone, and on the way, he joined Liao Hua, Zhang Yi, Dong Jue and other Shu soldiers in the north. When Yangpingguan fell, the Shu army had to retreat to Jiange to resist Wei Jun. Zhong Hui led the army to Jiange, which is located in Jiange County, Sichuan Province, and Xiaojianshan is connected to Dajianshan in the west. The terrain is steep, the road is small and deep, and it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Jiang Wei took advantage of this terrain and set up camp here to guard against risks. He sent for help, and Wu sent Sun Bin to save Shu. . In front of the clock meeting, there is a Jiange Xiongguan, which is difficult to enter. Then there is the pass of gold, Lecheng and Seoul, with Hanshui in the east and thorns in the back. If we drag on, the situation will really be as predicted by Jiang Wei: "If we can't tackle the problem, we will be tired naturally." Then, if the cities of Shu and Han retreat and attack from front to back, it will be even worse than Cao Shuang. So Zhong Hui did what he was best at. He wrote a letter to Jiang Wei, who was originally from Ren Wei, hoping that he would surrender: "Princes and princes, both civil and military, have made great contributions to Bahan, and gained great fame in China. "Every time I look back, I can taste the same. Wu Hao is very good. " Jiang Wei, unlike Jiang Bin, ignored it. Although Zhong Hui's writing style is good, he still wants to attack it by force, so he has to bite the bullet and storm Jiange Camp to keep the crisis. It is a waste of time to imagine that Wei Jun stormed the golden melody for nearly two months, but he was able to conquer Jianmen at one go. When tackling the problem, Zhong Hui had to temporarily lead the troops to retreat, and the Shu army refused to defend. Wei Jun is really caught in the deadlock of "overcoming difficulties, no scattered valley in the wild, food in a thousand miles, and natural fatigue". The clock will attack again and again, but Jiange is the main passage to Chengdu, and we can't give up. In addition, the food supply in Wei Jun is unsustainable, and the morale of the army began to shake. Everyone is worried that all the previous achievements will be in vain.

Attack Fucheng

At this critical moment, Wargo put forward a strange strategy, suggesting that "from the level tone, from the heresy (path) to the Han Deyang Pavilion (now northwest of Jiange in Sichuan), from Mianyang East in Sichuan, to Jiange West, to Chengdu for more than 300 miles, the raiders rushed to its heart, and the defense of Jiange (referring to the Shu army) must be returned.

Liao Hua

Then (the clock) will enter the square track (two cars in parallel); If the Jiange army does not return, the Fucheng army should be outnumbered. ..... Now cover up its emptiness, and it will be broken. The main point of Wargo's suggestion is that Wei Jun attacks Fucheng from the level tone around the trail, so if Jiang Weiruo comes from Jiange, Jiange will be isolated and vulnerable. If the Shu army doesn't help Fucheng, Wei Jun will attack Fucheng, cut off Jiang Wei's posterior route and point to Chengdu. This plan was accepted and carried out by Wargo. Wargo chose elite soldiers, wanted to join forces with Zhuge Xu, avoided Jiange via Jiangyou, and went straight to Chengdu. But Zhuge Xu rejected Wargo's proposal, on the grounds that he was only ordered to attack Jiang Wei and could not make his own decisions. He led the army eastward and joined Zhong Huijun. But in order to expand the relieving power, Zhong Hui told Zhuge Xu that he was afraid of cowardice. As a result, Zhuge Xu was punished and his department was returned to Zhong Hui. From Fucheng, the mountain is dangerous and inaccessible, which is very difficult. For this reason, Shu is not fortified here. In this year/KLOC-October/October, Wargo led 30,000 troops to set out from Yin Ping Road and walked more than 300 kilometers, digging mountain passages and building bridges and pavilions all the way. When the mountains are high and the valleys are deep, it is extremely dangerous. And transporting food is dangerous. "In the face of difficulties, Wargo took the lead and encountered a crisis." Wrapped in a blanket, he pushed it down, and all the soldiers climbed the wooden cliff, filed in, climbed the path, cut the mountain to clear the way, and crossed more than 700 miles of uninhabited dangerous areas, "grain transportation is in danger." "Wei Jun overcame these unimaginable difficulties, finally passed the level tone and arrived in Jiangyou. The river passes through Shimenguan, facing Fucheng River, with a big river on one side and cliffs on three sides, which is a natural barrier as famous as Jiange. However, Ma Miao, an oil commander in Shujiang, was surprised by Wei Jun's miraculous appearance and gave up without a fight. Wargo led Wei Jun to attack Fucheng. After Wargo entered Jinggu Bypass from level tone, Chengdu already knew the news and ordered General Zhuge Zhan, the commander of the Guard, to lead various armies to repel the enemy. So far, Wargo's surprise attack strategy can be called bankruptcy. But when Zhuge Zhan's army arrived in Fucheng, it stopped. Business, advised Zhuge Zhan to move forward quickly, occupy it, don't let Wei Jun into the ground. Huang Chong persuaded him repeatedly, and even shed tears in pain, but Zhuge Zhan remained unmoved and stayed in Fucheng. Wargo beat Zhuge Zhan striker. As soon as Zhuge Zhan heard that the striker was broken, he led the troops to retreat from the city gate for hundreds of miles and retreat to Mianzhu. And gave it to Wargo as a gift. After entering Mianzhu, Zhuge Zhan realized that he had made a big strategic mistake and sighed, "Except for Huang Hao, I won't be Jiang Wei, and I won't keep Jiangyou. I have three sins. Why should I face it? "In the last battle, it was the bodies of tens of thousands of Shu troops. Zhuge Zhan, Huang Chong, Shang Zun (the grandson of Zhang Fei) and Li Qiu, the right commander of Yulin, all died in battle. Later, the latter listened to Qiao Zhou's suggestion and surrendered to Wei.

Shu Han perished.

After the fall of Jiangyou, Liu Chan sent Zhuge Zhan to attack Wargo. Huang Chong advised Zhuge Zhan: "It is advisable to take risks early so that the enemy can't reach the ground." But Zhuge Zhan hesitated and was caught by Wargo. When Zhuge Zhan came to Fucheng, he met Wei Jun. Wargo defeated Zhuge Zhan striker, and Zhuge Zhan was forced to retreat to Mianzhu. Wargo sent a letter to Zhuge Zhan to persuade him to surrender. The letter said, "Anyone who surrenders will be regarded as an evil king." Zhuge Zhan angrily beheaded angels. Wargo immediately sent his sons Deng Zhong and Bian Shi to attack the Shu army from both sides. When Wei Jun was defeated, Wargo was furious, threatened to behead Deng Zhong and Bian Shi, and ordered them to fight again to make amends. As a result, the two defeated the Shu army and beheaded Zhuge Zhan, Zhang Zun, Huang Chong and others. Wei Jun invaded Mianzhu and then marched into Chengdu.

At that time, Shu soldiers were mostly in Jiange and serenaded in Chengdu. The ministers of Shu were all at a loss when they heard that Wei Jun was coming. Some people suggested fleeing to the south-central region first, while others suggested going to Sun Wu in the east. Among them, Qiao Zhouli persuaded Wei, and many ministers echoed him. 1 1 month, accepting Qiao Zhou's suggestion, Kaicheng surrendered to Wei, Wei Jun occupied Chengdu, and at the same time sent messengers to make Jiang Wei and others surrender, which officially perished. Jiang Wei, who stuck to Jiange, first heard that Zhuge Zhan was defeated, but didn't know the exact news of Liu Chan. He was afraid of being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, so he led the army to the east. Zhong Hui led Wei Jun to Fucheng and sent Hu Lie, Tian Xu and Pang Hui after Jiang Wei. Jiang Wei led Liao Hua, Zhang Yi, Dong Jue, etc. and returned to Longxian County to surrender. At that time, Shu soldiers were mostly in Jiange and serenaded in Chengdu. The ministers of Shu were all at a loss when they heard that Wei Jun was coming. Some people suggested fleeing to the south-central region (now southern Sichuan and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou), but the situation there is complicated and it is uncertain whether we can gain a firm foothold. Some people suggested sending Sun Wu to the East, but Sun Wu became weaker and weaker, making it difficult to protect himself. Among them, Qiao Zhou, a doctor of Guanglu, advocated the surrender of Wei, and many ministers echoed this suggestion. 165438+ 10, accepted Qiao Zhou's suggestion, opened the city to surrender Wei, Wei Jun occupied Chengdu, and sent envoys Jiang Wei and others to surrender.

Jiang Wei, who stuck to Jiange, first heard that Zhuge Zhan was defeated, but didn't know the exact news of Liu Chan. He was afraid of being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis, so he led the army to the east. Zhong Hui led Wei Jun into Fucheng, and sent Pang Hui to chase Jiang Wei. Jiang Wei led Liao Hua, Zhang Yi, Dong Jue and others back to Longxian County to meet them. The battle of Wei destroying Shu ended. [1-2] Military situation

West: Pixian ordered the city to refuse to defend, while in the west of Chengdu, besides Pixian, there were Wenshan, Longhe, Ran Yan, Baima, Kuang Yong and other soldiers surrounded by the yamen. East: Jiang Wei's army advanced on Long and Wu. Many Luo Xian in Jiangzhou.

South: Hogg guards the six counties in the south middle school. He has deployed to the north and can reinforce Chengdu at any time. North: Luocheng, an important town, has not yet fallen, and the river is only 70 miles away. There are also Liu Yin, Jiang Bin and Wang Hanjian around Hanzhong. In Chengdu at the moment, although Wei Jun is underground, judging from the situation, the main force of Shu and Han still exists, and none of the surrounding passes have been lost, and half of the country depends on it. The morale of the internal army can be fought in World War I, while the external reinforcements from Wu Dong can arrive tomorrow. Finally, the flag was lowered, which was unexpected by Zhong Hui, Wargo and Jiang Wei.

End of war

After the demise of Shu Han, Jiang Wei hoped to revive Shu Han by his own strength, surrendering to General Zhong Hui of Wei for a pretence, with the intention of rebelling against Cao Wei by using Zhong Hui to realize his desire to restore the Han Dynasty. However, Zhong Hui's rebellion finally failed, and Jiang Wei was killed by Wei Bing. Jiang Wei surrendered to Zhong Hui, and Zhong Hui called Yue Wei; "Why are you late?" Jiang Wei said with tears all over his face, "It's too early to see this today!" It would be weird. Will be kind to Victoria and so on. Everyone has the right to return their seals.

If you meet Wei, you will be in the same place. As far as the table is concerned, Du Yu, the long history, said, "I am better than the famous people in China, and I can't win at first on public holidays." And Zhuge Dan are both celebrities of Wei, pioneers of metaphysics, Zhuge Dan is Tian Heng in the Three Kingdoms, and Yan Yiwei is an important official. It can be seen that Jiang Wei was quite famous in the Central Plains! The perineum is pregnant with a different picture, which can be said to constitute a disturbance for recovery. But if you want to say it, you will say, "I heard that you are from Huainan, and it is a paradox to exhaust the policy." Success is the power of the monarch. Now that Shu has recovered and revived the world, the people have made great efforts to govern, and the Lord is afraid of their plans. What do you want to do with this? Han Xin, the husband, didn't turn his back on the Han Dynasty, which shows that the suspicion is flat, and the doctor didn't grow up in the five lakes of Fan Li, so he fell by the sword and died unexpectedly. How can he be a fool? Interest makes it. Now that you have made great achievements, you have made great achievements. Why not go boating in Tao Zhugong, try your best to protect yourself, climb Mount Emei, and come by yourself? " The meeting said: "Your words are far away, I can't do it, and it is the current way, or not all here." Wei Dao said, "You are smart and capable, so don't worry about the rest." So, I am very happy. At this point, Wargo acted without authorization, ignoring Si Mazhao and the people, which caused Si Mazhao's anxiety. Wargo said haughtily, "Jiang Wei has been a son for a while, so he is poor." People who were knowledgeable at that time laughed at him. Zhong Hui was jealous of Wargo and took the opportunity to report Ai's rebellion to Wei Guan, a military supervisor. In the first year of Wei Xianxi (264), he ordered the use of a threshold car to levy Ai. Since Ai was defeated, he was about to dominate the public and conquer the West, so he decided to rebel, hoping that Jiang Wei would lead 50 thousand people out of the inclined valley. Will follow the crowd. However, Si Mazhao was wary of Zhong Hui's ambition. He sent Jia Chong, the China Guard, to March into Shu to occupy Lecheng with 65,438+100000 troops, and then to March into Chang 'an with 65,438+100000 troops, and the bell was caught off guard.

Zhong Hui was shocked. On January 16, all the generals in Wei Jun were detained, and the so-called imperial edict of Empress Dowager Cixi who deposed Si Mazhao was made, forcing the people to rebel against Si Mazhao, and the generals were forced to sign it. Seeing that the time had come, Jiang Wei urged Zhong Hui to kill the detained generals, and planned to take the opportunity to kill Zhong Hui and restore Shu Han. He wrote a secret letter to Liu Chan, saying, "May your majesty endure humiliation for a few days. I want to restore peace to the dangerous country, and the sun and the moon will be calm and see the light again." Jiang Wei advised Zhong Hui to kill all General Wei before it was too late. Zhong Hui wanted to listen to Jiang Wei's advice, but she hesitated. Because Zhong Hui hesitated, the news leaked out. 18 at noon, Wei led Hu Yuan out, and the arrows rained down. The two sides fought fiercely inside and outside Miyagi, and Jiang Wei personally killed five or six people and died. At the age of 62, Zhong Hui was also killed. D cut, bold as a bucket. Soon, Wei Guan sent Tian Xu to kill Wargo and his son. Reasons for destroying Shu

Wei was able to destroy Shu because the former was superior to the latter in politics, economy and military affairs, but the victory or defeat on the battlefield was directly related to the command and planning of both sides. In the later period of the Three Kingdoms, the situation that Wei, Wu and Shu fought side by side gradually collapsed due to the ups and downs of the three forces. Among them, after the death of Cao Rui, the self-proclaimed Wei Emperor, Cao Fang, king of Qi, proclaimed himself emperor, and the power fell into the hands of Sima Yi. After Sima Yi's death, Zi Sima Shi and Si Mazhao came to power successively. On the one hand, Sima's father and son vigorously eliminated Cao Shi's forces, snared the cremation, and after several incidents of abolishing the emperor, they were ready to stand on their own feet as Wei; At the same time, they also paid attention to recruiting talented people, immigrating to the real frontier, continuing Cao Cao's law, popularizing reclamation and building water conservancy projects, which made Wei politically stable, economically developed and militarily powerful under the control of Sima Shi. In contrast, after Zhuge Liang's death, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi assisted the court. They follow Zhuge Liang's established policy, unite internally and don't use troops easily. At one time, Shu maintained a relatively stable situation. After Jiang Wan and Fei Yi, Jiang Wei came to power and fought against Wei many times, which consumed the national strength. Especially after Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan became more ignorant, indulged in pleasure and neglected state affairs. Eunuch Huang Hao took advantage of favoritism to form a clique for personal gain. Even Jiang Wei invited himself to plant wheat in the soil (now northwest of Zhouqu, Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province) for fear of being killed. At this point, the foundation of Shu has been greatly shaken. At this time, after Sun Quan's death, Wu was at home and abroad, and social contradictions became more acute. Many attacks on Wei also ended in failure. Wu's strength has been greatly weakened. Among these three countries, Wei under Sima's rule is the most powerful, and it has the conditions to destroy Wu and Shu and unify the whole country.

In 262, Cao Huan, Emperor of Wei Yuan, was in power. General Wei analyzed the situation at that time, and thought that Shu "learned from time to time, and I know everything today", and decided to adopt the policy of "taking Shu first today, and going downstream with Bashu three years later, land and water go hand in hand". To this end, Wei will be the general of Zhenxi and the commander-in-chief of Guanzhong, ready to attack Shu. At the same time, he threatened to attack Wu first and confuse Shu. Jiang Wei heard the news and reported it to Liu Chan. He suggested sending troops to guard Yang 'an Pass (that is, Yangping Pass in the northwest of ningqiang county, Shaanxi Province) and Yinping Qiaotoubao (in the northwest of Wenxian County, Gansu Province) to make preparations. But the fatuous left only prized eunuch Huang Hao, believing in ghosts and thinking that Wei Jun would not attack, while Liu Chan took Jiang Wei's suggestion for granted, ignored it and didn't even let ministers know. In the summer of the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), Wei "recruited 180,000 soldiers from all sides" and attacked Shu in three ways: General Deng Ai led more than 30,000 soldiers from Didao (now Lintao, Gansu) to (now southeast of Diebu County, Gansu) and Tazhong to attack Jiang Wei stationed here; Zhuge Xu, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led more than 30,000 people from Qishan (now Qishan Fort in Lixian County, Gansu Province) to Wu Jie (now northwest of Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping Qiaotoubao, cutting off Jiang Wei's back road; General Zhong Hui of Zhenxi led more than 654.38+10,000 people to March into Hanzhong from Gu Jie (now south of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province), Luogu and Woods Valley (now southwest of Shaanxi Province). Wei Jun really attacked after Shu, so he rushed to fight. Right general Liao Hua is busy sending a team to meet Jiang Wei. Ride the left chariot general Zhang Yi, assist the Chinese general Dong Jue, and lead another team to Yang 'an Pass to guard the Hanzhong Waizhai. War assessment

In the battle of Wei destroying Shu, Wei Zhengxi's general Deng Ai took advantage of the stalemate between the two armies to lead a surprise attack, bypassing the frontal defense of the Shu army and heading straight for Chengdu, the capital of Shu, creating a famous surprise attack case in the history of China War.