Official history's evaluation of Cao Cao
He was once all-powerful, and he received the most infamy after his death.
In the novel, why is he a white-faced traitor? Why are his actions contradictory in historical records? Is he a traitor, a traitor, or a hero? Among the many images with different opinions, which one is the real Cao Cao? "Yi Zhongtian tastes the real and fake Cao Cao of the Three Kingdoms" will be broadcast soon, so stay tuned! ※ In the previous episode, Mr. Yi Zhongtian believed that any historical figure has three images: historical image, literary image and folk image. Among the Three Kingdoms, the one with the most complex and divergent image is undoubtedly Cao Cao.
Since the Northern Song Dynasty, people have hated Cao Cao very much. In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Cao Cao was even seen as a traitorous minister who sought power and usurped the throne.
So, what is the image of Cao Cao in history? Professor Yi Zhongtian of Xiamen University reviewed the historical materials of the Three Kingdoms from a contemporary perspective. What image of Cao Cao did he have in mind? Yi Zhongtian: Today we are talking about Cao Cao. It is impossible to talk about the Three Kingdoms without talking about Cao Cao. The so-called Three Kingdoms are Wei, Shu and Wu, and the founding emperor of Wei was actually Cao Cao. Of course, Cao Cao did not proclaim himself emperor when he was in power. It was after his death that his son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor and posthumously recognized him as Emperor Wu of Wei. However, it is certain that Cao Cao was the actual founder of Wei.
Cao Cao's reputation in history is not very good. To put it politely, he is called a traitor, and to put it unkindly, he is called a traitor. However, Mr. Lu Xun said that Cao Cao was actually a capable person. The person is at least a hero. Although I am not a party to Cao Cao, I admire him very much.
Mr. Lu Xun can be said to be the first person in modern times to overturn the verdict for Cao Cao. In this way, there are three evaluations of Cao Cao - hero, traitor, and traitor. So which evaluation is accurate? ? But when we figured out Cao Cao's historical image, we discovered another problem. Even this historical image is not so easy to figure out. For example, people say that Cao Cao is a traitor, and many people don't like Cao Cao.
Su Dongpo said that in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were many people who told history, that is, storytellers, who talked about the Three Kingdoms. When Liu Bei's failure was mentioned, the audience burst into tears; when Cao Cao's failure was mentioned, Everyone applauded. This shows that at least in the Northern Song Dynasty, Cao Cao was an unpleasant person.
So why is Cao Cao not lovable? What other unpleasant things has he done? Then there are only three points: One is that Cao Cao is treacherous. But this does not count, because soldiers are never tired of deceit. People who fight always have to deceive others. But when you talk about the enemy, you call him cunning and cunning, and you call yourself resourceful. In fact, it is the same thing, soldiers are never tired of deception.
The second thing is that he usurped the Han Dynasty. This matter has nothing to do with us. Why must the emperor of this dynasty be named Liu? Why can't he be named Cao? It is unjustifiable to say that the person named Cao who replaced the person named Liu is a traitor.
The most dissatisfactory thing among the people is that Cao Cao said this: I would rather betray the world than let the world betray me. Therefore, if a person would rather let the world feel sorry for himself than let the world feel sorry for him, this person is too bad, so the people hate Cao Cao.
Then we have to figure out whether this matter is a fact or not; if it is not a fact, isn't it an unjust case? If it is an unjust case, shouldn't we give Cao Cao ***? . Well, the records in the history books of this matter are contradictory. Generally speaking, it is this story: Cao Cao escaped from the capital because Dong Zhuo wanted to persecute him, and passed by the house of an old friend of his. This old friend's name was Lu Boxe , when Cao Cao went to Lu Boxe's house, Lu Boxhe himself was not there, so the tragedy happened that Cao Cao killed Lu Boxe's family.
※ Why Cao Cao is disliked: Cao Cao is a treacherous man. Cao Cao is a usurper. I would rather let the world betray me than let the world betray me. There are three versions of this story. The first version says that when Lu Boxe was away, Lu Boxhe's son and the guests at Lu Boxhe's house saw Cao Cao bringing a lot of money, and they became evil and wanted to rob Cao Cao and took away his horse. This At that time, Cao Cao got up, drew his sword and killed these people.
This is called self-defense. In what history book is this story recorded? In the "Book of Wei", the "Book of Wei" is a history book written by the Wei people, so it may not be reliable, because Cao Cao is their ancestor, so they may have to smooth things over for Cao Cao, which is also difficult to say.
Then the second record is that when Cao Cao was staying at Lu Boxe's house, he heard Lu Boxe's children making pots and pans, making noises. Cao Cao himself was wanted by Dong Zhuo. He became suspicious of the criminal, "suspecting his own agenda" and killed Lu Boshe's family. This is called manslaughter.
The third version is almost the same. It also says that Cao Cao suspected that Lu Boshe’s family wanted to harm him, and then killed them all. After the killing, Cao Cao said sadly: I would rather betray others than others betray me.
Let’s look at the third scenario now. Even if we believe that Cao Cao accidentally killed Lu Boshe’s family, he still said that and let’s see what the scene looks like.
It was Cao Cao who suspected that these people were trying to harm him. Of course, his suspicion was a little too serious and went too far, so he killed his family.
After the killing, he found out that it was a manslaughter, and then he said miserably, the word "miserable" is very important, but he killed the wrong person, and then, alas, he was also very sad, forget it, I would rather I have failed others, and I cannot allow others to fail me. Let's take a look at the context. Cao Cao said this as a way of self-comfort and self-exclusion, so he reluctantly defended his wrong behavior.
But in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he became righteous and confident, and added the word "tianxia" in front of "I would rather betray others than others betray me". This is completely different. Cao Cao said this at that time just to discuss the matter. Although I was wrong, I killed others by mistake and I felt sorry for them. I have no choice now. I am desperate now, so I have no choice but to rather I feel sorry for others than let others feel sorry for me.
It should be said that he still retained some goodwill in it, but in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" he became confident and said that I am sorry to the people of the world, and that the people of the world cannot be sorry to me, then he is a big traitor. Therefore, it should be said that Cao Cao's treacherous and vicious nature is questionable.
But even so, Mao Pi, who wrote "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", said something like this. What did he say? He said, "This is also the excellence of Meng De." He said even so,. Commentary on Chinese and Foreign Historical Figures (the Hunan volume does not have this topic) Material - Taizu (Cao Cao)'s planning and maneuvering,
Question (1), this question mainly tests students' ability to analyze materials to obtain effective historical information. First, make it clear Based on your own opinions, combine what you have learned with the evidence. Material 1: "Emperor Taizu Wu,... after the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, Guogenshen... Taizu planned and planned,... a transcendent hero." Material 2: "At that time, only the First Lord of Shu could compete with you. For the ears. Cao Cao is a thief,..." Analyze the answer. Question (2), this question mainly tests the students' ability to analyze and solve historical problems by combining the knowledge they have learned and the materials. When answering the first question, pay attention to combining the materials "...Cao Cao unified China In the north, he founded the Wei State. He reformed many evil policies of the Eastern Han Dynasty, restrained powerful people, developed production, implemented the farmland system, promoted land reclamation, promoted the rule of law, and advocated frugality, so that the society that had suffered great damage began to stabilize, recover, and develop. Could these be Shouldn't you be sure? Isn't it amazing? ...". To answer the second question, combine the general methods you have learned to analyze and evaluate historical figures, from the aspects of the era environment, class position, the degree of possession of historical materials, and the ability to analyze and understand historical issues. Summarize the "factors". So the answer is: (1) Attitude; Chen Shou: respected Cao; Zhu Xi: demoted Cao. Reasons: Chen Shou: the Western Jin Dynasty respected Cao Wei as orthodox; Cao Cao did have historical achievements. Zhu Xi: Cao Cao stole the country and was famous The analysis is incorrect; it violates the "Three Guidelines and Five Permanents". (2) Standard: historical contribution to the development of the people, nation and culture. Guiding ideology: historical materialism (historical materialism). Method: comparative method; dialectical analysis method. How is the historical figure Cao Cao evaluated in history?
A traitor in troubled times, but a capable minister in governing the world.
In fact, Cao Cao was quite meritorious. He wiped out the Central Plains, ended the era of warlord separatism in the north, and restored production in the north. Later generations' bad comments on him were still because he coveted the throne.
The rulers of later generations will definitely criticize such people. Otherwise, if all the ministers are like Cao Cao, how can they be emperors? The main reason why Zhuge Liang was so highly regarded by later generations was because he was a loyal minister. Later emperors praised him simply because they used him to set an example for their ministers to be as loyal to their lord as he was. Zhuge Liang has been mythologized on TV. If he was really that awesome, he would have unified the world. In fact, he was a waste of money and people. He would go to war when he had nothing to eat, which increased the burden and military service of the people in Shu. Evaluate the historical figure Cao Cao
Cao Cao is a wise and cunning hero in the eyes of others. That is what his enemies call him.
He was said to be traitorous because he held the emperor hostage to order the princes and was disobedient to the emperor. For the sake of their own political power, future generations will of course denigrate Cao Cao, a figure who harmed the world at that time, as a traitor, but his "hero" is undeniable. Cao Cao was an outstanding military strategist and statesman. , strategist.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Everyone was fighting for themselves. Aren't Liu Bei of Western Shu, Sun Quan of Eastern Wu, and Cao Cao of Northern Wei all fighting for the world? They just use different banners and different stances to compete in the Central Plains for the benefit of their respective groups. No matter who the ruler is, it is enough as long as he treats the people well and allows them to live and work in peace and contentment.
Cao Cao did not do anything to harm his own nation and unite with foreign nations, so he should not be denied. Relatively speaking, after all, there are differences between the various warlords.
Take Cao Cao for example. Although he suppressed peasant uprisings and killed innocent people indiscriminately, judging from his political, military, and economic performance, he was still better than the warlords he eliminated. Better than one. For example, he promoted farming, built water conservancy projects, and implemented the official sale system of salt and iron, which played a positive role in social and economic recovery and economic rectification.
Historical records say: "Gong Cao is strict in nature, and his duties are official, and he often adds a staff." Cao also ordered the generals' families to live in Ye to prevent them from rebelling and fleeing. This was a reflection of the estrangement and contradiction between Cao and his subordinates.
In general, under the rule of Cao Cao, the Yellow River Basin had a certain degree of political clarity, the economy gradually recovered, class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Therefore, we say that the unification of the north and some of the corresponding measures will still have a positive effect. How to evaluate the historical figure Cao Cao
Cao Cao is the greatest figure in the history of the Three Kingdoms.
Although "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describes Cao Cao as a treacherous villain, we can look at other historical documents, such as: "Three Kingdoms", "Historical Records of the Later Han Dynasty", "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", etc., all evaluate Cao Cao. The positives outweigh the negatives. "Three Kingdoms" said about Cao Cao: Cao Cao "has the best strategy", and when he succeeds, he "applies the magic of Shen and Shang, the unique strategies of Han and Bai, and the official materials, each according to his own weapon, he can be pretentious and do whatever he wants, and he does not care about old evils. He has been in the army for more than ten years, but he has never let go of the scrolls. He is good at poetry, cursive calligraphy and go.
He lives a frugal life and does not like to talk and laugh with others.
Xun. Rewards should be rewarded without hesitation; no reward should be given without reward. This is the unique talent of first-rate politicians, military strategists, and writers.
The author longs for the heroic spirit. In the era, a family did not come from a famous family (Sun Jian after Sun Wu), did not have royal blood (Liu Bei, the so-called emperor's uncle), and did not have the qualifications of three gongs and four ministers (the brothers of the Yuan family). They were just the adopted sons of eunuchs. The descendants of the family only had some money. In the troubled times, they stepped forward to assassinate Dong Zhuo. ("Wei Wulue" also said that he had assassinated Zhang Rang), he gathered the people and issued corrective edicts on his own. In troubled times, the strategy was clear, and he entered the capital, held the emperor in arms, and ordered the princes to unify the north and achieve great success.
Since ancient times, there are only two excuses for those who criticize Cao Cao: First, Xu Shao of Runan once evaluated Cao Cao as: In this case, the Three Kingdoms are in troubled times, and Cao Cao is certainly a traitor.
Moreover, Cao Cao himself said: I would rather lose the world than let the world betray me. There is conclusive evidence that Cao Cao is a traitor, so the righteous people in the world regard Cao Cao as an unjust person; in fact, Xu Shao's original words are: A capable minister in times of trouble is also a hero in troubled times.
Later opposition. Especially the historian who wrote "The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Wei Family", Sun Sheng of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, changed the hero into a traitor for his own purpose of demoting Wei and promoting Shu. (I am very surprised that people in history agree with Sun Sheng's book. There are many more, even when Sima Qian wrote "Zi Zi Tong Jian", he selected many of his chapters and materials.
Including this sentence.
Alas, sometimes a person is ruined by just one word, and Cao Cao was like this. Second, he held the emperor hostage to control the princes.
In the eyes of some people, the emperor is the most powerful person in the world. , The affairs of the emperor are the affairs of the people of the world. Isn't there a saying: The world belongs to the emperor; the whole world is not the king's land, and the emperor's land is not the king's ministers.
As for the emperor's affairs. It doesn't matter whether he is a wise king or not. As his subjects, you must obey him. If he wants you to live, you can live. If he wants you to die, you must die. But Cao Cao dared to threaten the emperor with his orders. It is certainly treason for princes to go to court with swords and treat the emperor as a puppet.
So Cao Cao became an unfaithful and unfilial traitor and should be sent to the eighteenth level of hell and never be able to recover. Many people (and many people still think so) don't think so: Cao Cao was born in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, when the people were in dire straits and peasant uprisings were frequent. For those who want to survive and make a difference in troubled times, vigilance is very important. Although Cao Cao went too far (historical history said that he had a suspicious character), that's why he has the saying "I would rather bear the world than let the world bear me." (Even this statement cannot be found in historical data), but this is also forced by circumstances.
How many people in the world don’t think so? But only Cao Cao dared to speak directly. The reason why Cao Cao developed such a character was because he was deceived too many times.
The author would rather like the character of a true villain like Cao Cao, but not a hypocrite like Liu Bei. As for coercing the emperor to order the princes, it was just Cao Cao's strategic measure.
The author himself imagines that if he was born in such troubled times, he would rather choose to be the overlord and achieve a great career than put his hope in a corrupt and incompetent Communist Party who is dying. Moreover, as Cao Cao said: If he hadn't held the emperor hostage to order the princes, I don't know how many people would have dominated the Central Plains at that time, how many people would have been emperors, and how long the chaos would have ended.
In the entire history of the Three Kingdoms, which lasted for about a hundred years, the real period of turmoil only lasted for two or thirty years. Although they were divided into the Three Kingdoms after that, the lives of the people were relatively stable. On the other hand, during the famous Southern and Northern Dynasties and Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periods in Chinese history, domestic turmoil lasted for more than a hundred years, and wars continued, which were worse than the Three Kingdoms period, but not worse.
In fact, in the early days of the Three Kingdoms, when the princes dominated the country, the domestic turmoil was far more chaotic than during the Warring States Period. Without Cao Cao, who held the emperor hostage to order the princes, this turbulent situation would indeed be uncontrollable. Therefore, Cao Cao's use of the emperor to control the princes was not only not a crime, but also a merit for the people.
At the same time, as a vassal overlord, Cao Cao's domineering spirit was not seen, but his literary spirit was compelling. Cao Cao is a famous literary master in Chinese history.
Not to mention his own achievements in poetry and poetry, his series of policies that promoted national integration and brought Wen Ji back to Khan were unparalleled by other overlords in the Three Kingdoms period. Even though they defeated him completely, how many poems and works did Zhuge Liang, who is famous in history, and Zhou Yu, a junior hero known as Gu Quzhou Lang, leave behind? Except for killing a few literati (such as Kong Rong, etc.) for political reasons, Cao Cao was extremely tolerant of the gentry and never persecuted literati. Otherwise, there would be no Jian'an Seven Sons.
He killed Kong Rong and others because they hindered his political ambitions, not because these people were too loyal to the emperor, but because these people could not tolerate him. Political struggle is a matter of life and death.
Is it possible that only Cao Cao has done such bloody political suppression in history? Not to mention things that are too far away, do we know too little about this kind of political suppression in the history of one or two hundred years in modern times? The cruelty of these struggles is probably even worse than that of Cao Cao. Why was he so harsh on Cao Cao? On the contrary, Cao Cao was very fond of and tolerant of talented people.
His love for Guan Yu and Zhao Yun, his reluctance to kill Chen Gong, and his sadness at killing Ju Shou all show Cao Cao's love for talents. Those who opposed Cao Cao said that all of his actions were pretentious.
But Yuan Shao, Zhang Lu, Sun Quan, etc. and many people in history could not do such hypocritical behavior. Liu Bei actually burst into tears. I believe people can now tell whether it was true or not.
Moreover, during Zhuge Liang's era, the number of talents left in Shu could be counted on one's fingers. Comment on the historical figure Cao Cao
Hello! ! ! Evaluation of Cao Cao (1) Cao Cao’s positive role in unifying the north.
As mentioned before, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, due to political darkness, social production was severely damaged and people could not live, and the vigorous Yellow Turban Uprising finally broke out. However, under the historical conditions at that time, it was impossible for the peasant uprising to achieve final victory. What followed was the disintegration of the Eastern Han Dynasty and warlord melee.
In the melee, not only Dong Zhuo, Li Jue and other Liangzhou warlords slaughtered people and looted property everywhere, but also the Eastern generals under the banner of King Qin also "plundered". As a result, the desolate scene of "people eating each other and causing depression in the state" generally appeared.
In addition to the reactionary rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlords who suppressed peasant uprisings and destroyed social production were naturally the unforgivable culprits for this situation. But relatively speaking, there are still differences between the various warlords.
Take Cao Cao for example. Although he suppressed peasant uprisings and killed innocent people indiscriminately, judging from his political, military, and economic performance, he was still better than the warlords he eliminated. Better than one. For example, he promoted farming, built water conservancy projects, and implemented the official sale system of salt and iron, which played a positive role in social and economic recovery and economic rectification.
These will be introduced when talking about the economy. As soon as Cao Cao started his official career, he tried to use stricter laws to change the situation where powerful men were rampant.
But because the source of the disaster was in the center, Cao was unable to carry out his own intentions. Only after he took control of the political power did he have to fully implement the policy of rule of law to restrain the powerful.
He said: "Husband's punishment is the destiny of the people"; "In order to bring order to chaos, punishment is the first priority." He appointed local officials such as Wang Xiu, Sima Zhi, Yang Pei, Lu Qian, Man Chong, and Jia Kui to restrain the lawless and powerful.
If we compare the governance techniques implemented by Yuan Shao and Cao Cao in Jizhou, we can see two different situations: "At the end of the Han Dynasty, government failed to be lenient, and Shao used lenient to compensate for lenient, so he did not take care of it." Under Yuan Shao's permissive policy, "the powerful and powerful were allowed to indulge in tyranny and annexation by relatives, while the common people were poor and weak. They rented out their wealth on behalf of others and showed off their wealth, but they were not able to fulfill their orders."
In this way, it is naturally impossible to make "the people close to each other and the armor and soldiers strong". Therefore, although Yuan Shao had a larger territory, more troops, and more food, he was ultimately defeated by Cao Cao.
After taking control of Jizhou, he immediately "emphasized the method of annexation by powerful powers", thus achieving an effect that "pleased the people". We only need to look at "Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi" to see that under Cao Cao's rule, the political outlook and social atmosphere from the central to the local governments were different from before.
There were few ministers in the DPRK who were seeking to engage in self-interest; local officials and powerful men who acted with impunity were also restrained to a certain extent. Sima Guang's statement that cao "turns chaos into order" is not unfounded.
Moreover, the officials he chooses must be "understanding the legal principles" and able to practice the rule of law. Cao also advocated integrity. He appointed Cui Yan and Mao Jie to be in charge of elections. "The people he appointed were all upright people. Although they were famous at that time, those who did not act according to their own standards would never get ahead.
Affairs Leading others with frugality means that all men in the world will encourage themselves with honesty and integrity. Even if they value their favored ministers, they will not dare to overdo it." As a result, the social atmosphere improved.
Complementing the implementation of the rule of law policy, Cao strives to concentrate power on himself and does not allow his subordinates to form cliques. He ordered: "In this Qing Dynasty, you must be loyal to the country and serve the king. Although your private relationship is better than others, it will still be useless if you use thousands of silks, thousands of stones and grains."
In order to monitor the officials, Cao set up a "school affairs office". This matter was opposed by the ministers, who believed that it was "not the order of the superiors and the subordinates."
Cao Cao explained this: "If you want to be able to do all kinds of things and make wise men and gentlemen do it, you can't do it." The so-called "virtuous gentleman" mainly refers to ministers from aristocratic families. They have been officials for many generations, have great reputation and influence.
On the one hand, Cao Cao had to win over them and make them occupy a superior position without giving them real power; on the other hand, they also used school officials from humble backgrounds to check their actions. As for whether this is necessary? We can answer with the words of Sun Quan in the future.
Sun Quan said: "The disciples of Changwen (Chen Qunzi) used to be able to observe good deeds because they used to hold their heads in place. They feared that they would become strict, so they devoted themselves wholeheartedly and did not dare to do anything wrong." . Sun Quan also followed Cao's example and set up the post of school secretary. It can be seen that under the circumstances at that time, it was not unreasonable to set up a school secretary to monitor the actions of ministers to prevent the recurrence of cliques among ministers in the late Han Dynasty and Yuan Shao's group.
Judging from the internal structure of the Cao Wei regime, there are the most ministers from aristocratic families, and the potential dangers are also greater. For the sake of himself and his descendants, Cao Cao set up school affairs to monitor the ministers. Although it was a bit harsh and power-minded, it would be difficult to subdue them otherwise.
Historical records say: "Gong Cao was strict in nature, and his duties were official affairs, so he often added a staff." Cao also ordered the generals' families to live in Ye to prevent them from rebelling and fleeing. This was a reflection of the estrangement and contradiction between Cao and his subordinates.
In general, under the rule of Cao Cao, the Yellow River Basin had a certain degree of political clarity, the economy gradually recovered, class oppression was slightly alleviated, and the social atmosphere improved. Therefore, we say that the unification of the north and some of the corresponding measures will still have a positive effect.
(2) Cao Cao is an outstanding military strategist. First of all, Cao Cao was good at controlling generals; for example, in the 19th year of Jian'an (214), when Cao Cao attacked Sun Quan in the east and retreated, he left three generals, Zhang Liao, Le Jin, and Li Dian, and the guard Xue Ti to guard Hefei.
The following year, before Cao Yu sent his army to attack Zhang Lu in the west, he sent someone to send an edict to Xue Ti. The cover stated: "Thieves will be found even when they arrive." Soon, Sun Quan personally led an army of 100,000 to attack Hefei. Xue Ti and others sent a letter to ask for advice, saying: "If Sun Quan arrives, Generals Zhang and Li will go out to fight, General Le will guard, and the defending troops will not be able to fight."
At this time, the total number of Hefei garrison troops was only more than 7,000. The enemy is outnumbered and we are outnumbered. The generals will be confused as to whether it is a good idea to divide our forces to fight.
Zhang Liao said: "The Duke is out on an expedition, and I am here to rescue him. He will definitely defeat me. Therefore, I will counterattack him with my instructions and his unmatched strength, break his momentum, calm the hearts of the people, and then we can defend it." .
The chance of success or failure lies in this battle, so why do you doubt it?" Li Dian immediately agreed upon hearing this. So Liao and Pawn Night recruited 800 people who dared to follow, and killed cattle to reward them.
At dawn the next day, Liao, armed with a halberd, climbed into the formation first, killed dozens of people, beheaded two generals, shouted his name, and rushed straight to Sun Quan's command. Quan was greatly frightened when he saw the ferocious force coming from Liao. His left and right were also at a loss, so he had no choice but to climb up the high tomb and defend himself with his long halberd.
Liao called Quan to fight, but Quan did not dare to move. Seeing that Liao's generals had few soldiers, they gathered a large number of people to surround Liao. Liao repeatedly broke through the encirclement, and all the powerful men and horses were invincible. No one dared to take the lead. From the early fighting to the middle of the day, the Wu people lost their strength.
The Liao and others returned to the garrison, and everyone felt at ease. After this battle, Quan's army suddenly lost its vigor and defended Hefei for more than ten days before withdrawing.
After the masses have gone, the power and number of generals will remain. How to evaluate Cao Cao in history
"I would rather teach me to betray the world than teach the world to betray me"
This is the side of Cao Cao that best highlights his ambition. He can be wrong. But his subordinates couldn't make mistakes. If there was a word of caution, Cao Cao would kill Lu Boshe. In order to conquer the world, he coerced the emperor to command the princes. This is the embodiment of Meng De's great talent and broad strategy. He was not in a hurry for success. He knew how to hide one's strength and bide his time, not to earn temporary gains, and was far-sighted. However, a wise man must make mistakes once he filters through, and his suspicious heart was unintentional. It was the reason why he lost the battle.
His ambition can also be reflected in his cruel nature. In order to avenge his father, he attacked the city and massacred tens of thousands of people. The innocent corpses blocked the Si River.
But his talents and strategies are still passed down to us.
Cao Cao is a historical figure that is well-known to Chinese people and is well known to both women and children. For thousands of years, Cao Cao has been given mixed reviews, with those praising him as a life-saving hero, and those denouncing him calling him a traitor and traitor. Cao Cao had the historical merit of unifying the north. This is a historical fact that cannot be erased. In the war to unify the north, Cao Cao displayed his outstanding talents, and the Battle of Guandu laid the foundation for the unification of the north. I agree that Cao Cao is a military strategist. Some scholars believe that Cao Cao was a poet, and I agree. Because poems like "Singing to wine and singing, what is life?... Zhou Gong spits out nourishment, and the world returns to its heart" is not a literary artistic conception that ordinary literati can achieve. In the Three Kingdoms, how do you evaluate Cao Cao, a historical figure?
< p> Objective evaluation of Cao Cao---The sea is open to all rivers, and tolerance is greatCao Cao is a figure who must be mentioned when talking about the Three Kingdoms.
In the eyes of everyone, nine out of ten people will think that he is a traitor, cunning and treacherous, and plotting to usurp the throne. The most outrageous thing is his famous saying: "I would rather bear the consequences of the world than the world." People fail me!" In fact, this is basically just the folk image and literary image of Cao Cao. When Luo Guanzhong wrote "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he praised Liu and disparaged Cao, exaggerating the characters of Liu Bei and his generals. As a negative foil, Cao Cao naturally became a cunning person. generation.
Folk art performances are basically based on "The Romance", so these characters are deeply ingrained in the hearts of ordinary people as the image of "The Romance".
In addition to understanding the above two kinds of characters, we should also understand another kind of historical image, that is, the historical image.
Those words just now were spoken by Cao Cao after he killed Lu Boshe's family. First of all, the killing was indeed a killing, but it was a manslaughter. It is recorded in "Three Kingdoms" and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", so it should be a historical fact. Secondly, the tone of Cao Cao's words when he said this in the two versions is different. In "The Romance", he is described as being confident and confident. Killing is killing. This is a hopeless traitor; but in "Three Kingdoms" Cao Cao sighed and said that the deal was done and could not be undone, so he could only comfort himself, because he was a general and he needed to convince the public, so he had to find a reasonable reason for himself, not to mention the current situation at the time. At the same time, Cao Cao's honesty is also shown here. He is a real villain. Imagine how many hypocrites there are in the world.
The above explanation cannot completely cover up Cao Cao's treacherous side, and I don't want to refute this. He is a treacherous hero, and I agree. But objectively speaking, Cao Cao is not just a traitor, but a unified body of contradictions.
Cao Cao had a cunning and ferocious side. He killed Xu You and cut off others. This can be seen; but he also has a sincere and open-minded side, letting go of Wei Zhong and releasing Chen Lin. It's also very illustrative.
Sometimes Cao Cao has the temper of the King of Hell, and sometimes he behaves like a son and daughter. His last will and testament fully demonstrated this. He has done a lot of good and bad things in his life, and has done a lot of things that have affected the current situation and even history, but he has just brushed them off. He only talked about a lot of housework, not to mention sharing fragrances and selling shoes, and he also remembered his ex-wife, Mrs. Ding. Afraid of being shameless, he went to see his eldest son Cao Ang. Su Dongpo said: "A traitor will live a false life, but his true nature will be seen in death.". In fact, it reflects Cao Cao's grandeur, as the saying goes: "Only a great hero can show his true colors, and he is a true celebrity.
”
No more details, in short, from Cao Cao, we can see different personalities and different faces, which are both contradictory and unified. It can be said that:
Both smart Outrageous, yet unfathomably stupid
Both cunning and treacherous, yet frank and sincere
Both generous and suspicious
Both magnanimous and narrow-minded
< p> Everyone's demeanor, villain's faceHeroic spirit, affection for children, temper of the king of hell, heart of Bodhisattva