It’s an old saying: You need to integrate theory with practice, learn by doing, and compare drawings with actual photos on site. If you don’t understand, in addition to learning from books, learn from all the masters around you. See if there are any things that are not done according to the pictures in the book and have any negative impact on the quality. You must write them down and make a summary.
There are many theoretical books to study. All construction quality acceptance standards, drawing recognition, technological processes, building materials, construction knowledge, etc. need to be studied, such as "Housing Architecture"; architectural drawings such as "Architectural Drawing Drawing Reading" ", "Uniform Standards for Building Construction Drawings" (GB50001-2010), Atlas (Special Steel Bar Flat Method Atlas), "Construction Project Construction Management", "Construction Project Management and Practice", "Practical Manual of Engineering Project Management", " "Construction Project Manager Work Manual" (Wu Tao), "High-rise Building Construction Technology", "Building Materials" edited by Wang Guoxin., "Construction Engineering Constructor's Manual", "Building Construction Manual" (fifth edition)... All the above books are available The electronic version can be downloaded online.
As for how to read the drawings: I can only say a few words:
1. Reading the drawings
1. First look at the site floor plan to understand the project overview and The impact of surrounding buildings on this project.
2. Look at the construction organization to roughly understand the specific construction conditions of the project.
3. Look at the construction structure drawings and architectural drawings, and look at the two drawings together to understand the overall overview of the project.
4. Look at the construction drawings in detail and combine them with the structural construction atlas to check the practices, and the architectural construction drawings with the construction practice atlas.
5. From the axial dimensions of the structural drawing, check whether the reinforcements such as shear walls, columns, beams, and slabs are in and out, and whether the structure matches the architectural drawing. Whether the in-situ elevations of beams, slabs, etc. are correct, whether the bathroom panels are marked in detail, whether the structural treatment of settlement joints is appropriate, whether the steps are detailed, and the details of various openings.
6. Check the architectural drawings to see whether the layout of each floor is reasonable, whether the layout of non-load-bearing walls and load-bearing walls is reasonable, whether the layout of beams, columns, etc. is beautiful, whether the location and size are consistent with the structural drawings, and whether the various openings are consistent. Are there any omissions?
7. Whether the construction practices are reasonable, waterproof materials, coatings, ceramic tiles, etc.
2. Complete collection of architectural drawing symbols
In the architectural design drawing:
l means beam, ll means continuous beam, ql means ring beam, jl means foundation beam, tl means ladder beam, dl means ground beam, z means column, gz means structural column, kz means frame column. , m means door, c means window. @ represents the steel bar spacing and Φ represents the steel bar model.
1. Formal architectural design must have the signature of the designer, the signature of the person in charge of the architectural drawings, the signature of the appraiser, the signature of the proofreader, and must be stamped with a seal and a registered professional seal.
2. In architectural design drawings, the length is generally expressed in mm, unless otherwise stated; when looking at the drawings, pay attention to combining the "Description of Building Materials" with other drawings. In the "Description of Construction Materials", if there is a "√" in front of each item, it indicates the method adopted in the design. What is not checked is not the approach adopted in the design.
3. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "c20 reinforced concrete jl (240400) with 4φ16 network φ6@200 hoops." This is interpreted as: the foundation beam of a reinforced concrete structure with a strength of c, 240mm wide, It is 400mm high, equipped with 4 main steel bars with threads of 16cm in diameter, and a rectangular ring of steel bars with a diameter of 6cm every 200mm. (The rectangular ring is about 340--350mm long and 180mm--190mm wide).
4. For example, in the architectural design drawing: "C20 concrete small column (240240) with 4φ12 hoop] 6＠200." Among them, "]6＠200" is an irregular mark and should be "φ6 @200". Interpreted as: a small beam of reinforced concrete structure with a strength of C20, with a cross-section of 240mm long and 240mm wide, equipped with 4 main steel bars with 12mm diameter threads, and a rectangular network of 6cm diameter steel bars every 200mm apart. The height of the small column depends on the floor height marked on the project minus the height of the ring beam and then plus the thickness of the slab, because the ring beam and the slab are poured together.
5. As shown in the architectural design drawing: m5 cement mortar and mu10 shell lime sand bricks. "m5" represents the strength grade of cement mortar, and "mu10" represents the strength grade of shellfish sand bricks. mu10 represents the average compressive strength of shellfish sand bricks ≥10mpa.
6. ql means ring beam. The ring beam method is usually used in brick-concrete house building structures (hybrid structures), that is, the walls are built first, and then the ring beams and slabs are poured with reinforced concrete.
7. The method of frame structure is to pour columns, beams, beams, slabs, etc. first. Build the wall again after removing the formwork.
8. According to the requirements of quality supervision, the contractor can be required to provide certificates of steel bars (each batch), cement (each batch), mu10 shell lime sand bricks (each batch) Certificate of conformity, test certificate of cement concrete.