(a) involving marriage, adoption, inheritance and other personal relationships;

(two) involving the cessation of water supply, heating, gas supply and other public utilities services;

(3) Other circumstances in which electronic documents are not applicable as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

In civil activities, the parties may agree to use or not use electronic signatures and data messages in contracts or other documents, vouchers and other documents. A document in the form of electronic signature or data message agreed by the parties shall not be denied its legal effect just because it is in the form of electronic signature or data message.

Electronic signature refers to the data contained in the data message in electronic form and accompanied by data used to identify the identity of the signer and show that the signer approves its content. A reliable electronic signature has the same legal effect as a handwritten signature or seal.

The electronic signer shall properly keep the electronic signature making data. When the electronic signer knows that the electronic signature production data has been or may have been compromised, he shall promptly inform the relevant parties and stop using the electronic signature production data.