1. Square and circle. Fang Bi and round pen are two basic strokes commonly used in calligraphy. The difference between the two is that Fang Bi needs to do some actions of lifting, pressing, stopping and folding to create the effect of a square; The round pen only needs to rotate with the movement of the pen. Fang Bi's rhythm changes obviously, appearing sharp and sharp, with exposed bone strength and strong strength; The round pen has no obvious rhythm change, and it looks round and soft, with bone strength and smooth flying. They have their own strengths and characteristics. We should not go to extremes in application. In a painting, Fang Bi and round pen should be used alternately naturally. It can be dominated by squares and supplemented by circles, or it can be dominated by circles and supplemented by squares. In addition, squares and circles are relative, sometimes there is a circle in a square and a square in a circle. To write the strokes between Fiona Fang, we should have both and complement each other.

2. Light and heavy. Light and weight are both expressed in pen and ink, and light and weight are relative, but a stippling can also be a word or several consecutive words. The most serious thing is that the pen and ink are aggravated, just like a thousand pounds falling to the ground, heavily guarded and heavily guarded; A little lighter is to dilute the pen and ink, like a dragonfly, a weeping willow blowing, a cool breeze and a bright moon. The most important words are generally the opening words and keywords. The specific points and words are randomly written according to the temperament of the book. In short, light and important are used alternately, coordinated and coordinated, and the sense of rhythm of the works is enhanced. Such as Zhang Xu's Abdominal Pain Post in Tang Dynasty.

3. Sparse and dense. The distance between stippling, between words, and between lines forms the density of the works. Density is the main expression of calligraphy and painting, and it also directly affects the effect of calligraphy art, which will cause congestion. Dense is thin. If the word "painting" is nine horizontal, it should be written more densely, and the word "Sichuan" should be written more sparsely. In the work, a long vertical line creates an empty inspiration, and the following words should be written more densely, so as to achieve what the ancients called "sparse energy and quick action, impenetrable", forming the alternation of dense and dense, far and near, corresponding to reality. It is necessary to observe the pen and ink posts of predecessors and carefully understand the reasons for their density. Over time, practice makes perfect, which is the best.

Artistic conception and connotation of cursive script

The cursive songs in the Tang Dynasty brought the characteristics of "pictographic" created by cursive writers to the extreme, and brought the overall "artistic beauty" to the poetry appreciators in vivid descriptions. The so-called artistic conception is a noun in China's classical aesthetics. Tong Qingbing, a literary theorist, defined it in the Course of Literary Theory as follows: Artistic conception is the realm and artistic conception expressed by literary works through image description, and it is the aesthetic imagination space induced and developed by the image of scene blending and virtual reality in lyric works.

Here we must also understand the related concept-image. Image is an ideographic image with the purpose of expressing philosophical thoughts and the basic characteristics of symbol or absurdity in order to reach the ideal state of human beings. Artistic conception and image are both related and different. The relationship between the two should include two meanings. Image is a typical object to express meaning, a subjective image, and it is perceptual and concrete. Artistic conception is a kind of realm and mood, which is expressed or induced by images.