The Chrysanthemum Medal is the highest medal in the Japanese honor system. There are two kinds of medals, namely the Grand Medal of Chrysanthemum and the Grand Medal of Chrysanthemum. In the old system, the sub-chapter of the Grand Medal Law belongs to an independent medal (the Grand Medal Chrysanthemum Chapter) in its application. The winners of the Chrysanthemum Medal are all people who have made outstanding contributions to the country. Like the Tonghua Medal, they are all people who have made more contributions than the Rising Sun Medal and the Ruibao Medal. After the war, it was mainly aimed at the emperor and foreign heads of state. In the case of foreign heads of state, it is also awarded separately, and there is no big medal of honor. Now only Emperor Akihito wears it in Japan. Foreign winners include Queen Elizabeth II, King bhumibol adulyadej of Thailand and President dwight eisenhower of the United States.
The chrysanthemum neck of the Grand Medal and the chrysanthemum neck of the Grand Medal cannot be worn at the same time, but when wearing a necklace, the tung flower neck can be worn on the shoulder. Because the Chrysanthemum Medal is a big medal, it is a subordinate medal of the same category (a higher medal must be worn in the same category).
It will be issued together with the medal certificate (the certificate that records the contents of the medal), and the contents will be published in the government gazette. The emperor will wear it when he ascended the throne, but if it is a courtesy gift to a foreign head of state, it will not be published in the government gazette. After the implementation of the Constitution of Japan, except for foreign countries, only Yoshitomo and Eisaku Satō (both prime ministers) were sealed. But they are all gifts after death. In the constitutional era of the Great Japanese Empire, all six people except the royal family were awarded before their lives. Japan's current constitution can only be worn by heads of state (emperors, kings, etc.). ).
Tonghua chapter: Tonghua chapter, Japanese medal. There is only one stratum, namely Tonghua Zhang Wan, which is lower than Juhua Zhang Wan and a great rank, higher than Sun Da Zhang Wan and Ruibao Zhang Wan. 1888 1.4, revised in 2003 1 1.3.
1888, the highest medal of the rising sun medal is the first-class rising sun tung flower medal. However, in 2003, with the thorough reform of the honor code system, it was defined as "Tonghua Grand Zhang Wan was awarded to Sun Da Zhang Wan and Ruibao Grand Zhang Wan, who rose in Ran Ran" (item 1 in Article 4 of the medal formulation conditions). After 2003 1 1,
After the implementation of the Japanese Constitution, the Rising Sun Donghua Grand Medal was awarded to the officials who had served as Prime Minister of the Cabinet, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Speaker of the Senate and President of the Supreme Court (not necessarily with special achievements). At the same time, it can also be awarded to industrialists who have made special achievements, which can be said to be the highest medal actually awarded to folk people. It can also be awarded to adult royal men who have the status of kings, but there are no practical examples under the current constitution (the Grand Medal of the Prince and the Grand Chrysanthemum Medal).
Sunrise badge: Sunrise badge, a kind of Japanese medal. It was formulated on April 1875, 2003, and revised on October 3, 2003. Awarded "among those who have made contributions to the country, they have made remarkable achievements and attracted attention." Compared with Rui Zhang Bao, the scope of recipients is narrower.
The Sunrise Medal was awarded to the General of the United States Navy.
The rising sun is divided into six layers from top to bottom.
The great chapter of the rising sun
Rising sun and heavy light
The rising sun rises in the first chapter
The little ribbon of the rising sun
Xuri shuangguang seal
Xu ri Dan Deng seal
Divided into grade one to grade eight. From top to bottom, it is arranged as follows: first-class rising sun badge, second-class rising sun badge, third-class rising sun badge, fourth-class rising sun badge, fifth-class double-light rising sun badge, sixth-class single-light badge, seventh-class blue tung leaf badge and eighth-class white tung leaf badge. But only for men.
1888 65438+1October 4th, the highest-ranking medal-the first-class sunrise badge was designated as the first-class sunrise badge. With the formulation of the Ruibao chapter, the level is positioned above the Ruibao chapter.
The reform of the honor code system in 2003 can only be awarded to men, and the conditions do not meet the social situation, and women must also be awarded. At the same time, the highest level of the Sunrise Tung Flower Medal is independent of the Tung Flower Medal (Tung Flower Medal), and the Tung Leaf Medal is cancelled, leaving only six levels. And renamed "Sunrise Chapter with Double Lights" and "Ri Zhang with Guangxu Mountain" as "Sunlight Chapter with Double Lights" and "Sunlight Chapter with Single Lights".
Ruibaozhang: Ruibaozhang, 1888 Japan's medal. The state rewards those who have made contributions to public affairs, those who have been engaged in public affairs for many years and those whose contributions have been recommended.
It was originally a medal for men, but since 19 19, women can also accept this honor. 1892, 19 In July, Guang Lai Zaiping (Prime Minister of Sumitomo Consortium), Saize Yi Rong (Governor of the First Bank of Japan), Wei Bing of Furukawa City (operator of Tongshan in Zuway) and Yidangbang (pioneer of Hokkaido) won the Meiji Medal (fourth-class Ruibao Chapter) for the first time in their private capacities.
Before that, medals were awarded to people who did their best for the country, so they were only awarded to officials. To this end, the regulations on honours were revised that year, and as long as the people in the private sector have done their best for the country, they can also be awarded.
Package:1888 [65438+1October 4th]], modified on October 3rd, 2003. At present, this restriction can only be used on special occasions when honours are awarded to royal women and foreign women.
The medal of the rising sun is awarded to men, and the medal of the crown is awarded to women. At the beginning, only five classes were set up, from grade one to grade five. April 1896, grade six to grade eight plus.
The highest level of "Bao Guan" (now called "Bao Guan") was granted only to royal women, the biological mothers of Emperor Meiji and Emperor Taishō, and women married to the Japanese royal family. This is a very special medal.
In 2003, the honor code system was revised, and the Rising Sun Medal can also be awarded to women, while the Guan Bao Medal is limited to the courtesy award of royal women and foreign women.
When the royal family came of age, the Queen, the Princess-to-be (including the soon-to-be-princess) and the inner prince presented Guan Bao Dawan Seal, and the Princess and the Queen presented Guan Bao Peony Seal (the old second-class Guan Bao Seal).
Gold medal: a gold medal awarded by Japan to soldiers and their families of the imperial Japanese army and navy before the war. The origin of the name "Jin Fu" is based on the fact that when "Emperor Jimmu" moved eastward, Emperor Jimmu's bow blocked a golden symbol, which puzzled the army of "Changzhizi" in Japanese mythology.
Five Meritorious Medal-Golden Symbol
The gold commemorative medallion was made on February 1890+0 1 day (the epoch festival). Gold medals are divided into seven grades, from "Meritorious Level 1" to "Meritorious Level 7". The rank is different from that of civil servants (officials at that time) who were awarded the Ruibao seal or other medals or non-governmental people who have obtained certain service years. Gold medals are only awarded to soldiers with meritorious military service, and generals and royal soldiers without meritorious military service will not be awarded. (Even if he won the first-class or second-class honors such as Sunrise Medal and Ruibao Medal as a general and prefect, he may only be a soldier with class V or class IV merit for Jin. )
In addition, recipients with a reward level of 1 to 7 will receive an annuity of 900 to 65 yen. At the beginning of Showa, the monthly salary of private soldiers at that time was only 8 yen 80 yuan RMB, so it was quite high. Because this annuity is a life annuity, with the expansion of the war, the number of recipients has also expanded, resulting in a rapid increase in the burden on the state treasury. So 1940 is paid by issuing bonds. But because of Japan's defeat, bonds became worthless. In addition, in Showa 15, due to the fierce war, the system of awarding survivors was finally suspended and became only awarded to those who had won military exploits. Therefore, the frontline troops will give sabers, thank-you notes, souvenirs and so on. They were commended for their outstanding achievements with the "Hsi Chin Agreement Medal", and the army also formulated the corresponding martial arts medal.
Japan was defeated in the Pacific War. According to the instructions of the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces stationed in Japan, it was abolished on May 3rd of the 22nd year of Showa (1947) according to "Decree No.4 of the 22nd year of Showa".
Japan before the war was a class-oriented society, and it was common to list the grades of medals. Gold medals are no exception, and the order of presentation is 1. Position 2. Class three. Rank, 4. Medal, etc. , 5. ranking, 6. Title, 7. Degree and name.
For example, the Prime Minister and Cabinet Minister, Admiral Yamamoto Gonnohyō e, won the First Earl from a great position of honor.