Those words are typed directly on the painting. Then use the blending options to make some effects.

Of course, putting the original typed picture on the picture is also one of the feasible methods. Copy and paste the text picture onto the character picture, use the magic wand tool to select the part outside the text area and delete it. However, if the text picture is not clear enough, or the text color is similar to the background color of the text picture, it is difficult to choose the magic wand tool, and the effect will be very bad.

According to your renderings, the author certainly didn't do this. He typed the text directly, and then used bevel and relief effects in the blending options.