Tian Wen
one
Excuse me: Who can teach you the beginning of ancient times?
There was no distinction between heaven and earth at that time, so what can we study according to?
There was chaos at that time. Who can figure it out?
What is a whirlwind? How can it be clear?
two
The bottomless darkness breeds light. Why?
Yin and yang and harmony are born by infiltration. Where did they originate?
The vault's canopy has nine floors. Who started this business?
How great is this project? Who was the first worker?
three
Where is the handle of the sunshade inserted on this day?
Where is the rope tied to this account?
There are eight Optimus Prime in all directions. What mountains are they referring to?
Southeast is the place of the sea, isn't Optimus Prime finished?
four
What does the edge of the cloud nine canopy rest on?
Since there are many bends, who fully knows its degree?
According to what ruler, the celestial bodies are divided into twelve equal parts?
Why don't the sun and the moon set? Why are the stars so firmly embedded?
five
At night, the sun comes out of the soup valley and sets at the water's edge.
How many miles did it walk from early morning until it turned yellow?
What is the ability of the moon? Why can you regenerate after death?
It has a toad in its belly. (1) What's good for it?
six
Nu Wa has no husband, why did she give birth to nine more sons? ⑵
Where does Qiangbo live and Huiqi live? ⑶
Why is it dark when the sun goes down and bright when it comes out?
The stars are still in the sky, where is the sun hiding?
seven
How does the rain Lord make love? His body is like a silkworm.
Why did a storm break out in Feilian, Fengbo? His body is like a deer.
Why should the giant turtle crawl on the seabed and hold five mountains to be stable?
Why did Longbo catch the giant turtle again, causing the Five Mountains to fall into the sea? ⑷
eight
What does Kyushu put on it? Why does the riverbed sink?
The river is always flowing downwards, why can't it fill into the sea?
How wide is the ground from east to west? How far is it from south to north?
North and south are shorter than east and west. How short is it?
nine
Kunlun Mountain is the highest mountain in the world. How can I hang around in the sky?
How tall is it, and it weighs nine times as much as Zengcheng? ⑸
There are nine heavenly gates in all directions. Who goes out and who goes in?
Northwest Tianmen is open. Why do people in the sky especially like cold?
ten
Where can't the sun shine? We need Candle dragon Street Fire to shine in the north.
The driver of the sun hasn't driven yet, how can the flowers shine? ⑹
Where is warm in winter and cool in summer?
Where can wild animals speak human words? Where are the pillars of the forest?
eleven
The male hydra suddenly came and went. Where is its nest?
Where is the immortal country? What do long people guard?
Where is the creeping apple grass with nine colors like flowers? ⑺
A snake can swallow the whole elephant. How big is it?
twelve
Black water that infects people, the three dangers of bluebird life, where are they today?
There are wood grains beside the black water, and people who eat it live long. How long will it last?
Herring has a face, a bird-chicken-shaped tiger and claws. Who can see it?
Where did Hou Yi shoot the sun? Where did the sun feather fall?
thirteen
Fuxi became emperor. Who was his forerunner and forced him to wear it?
Nu Wa's face is snake-shaped, changing 70 times a day. Who arranged it?
Yu Shun's second-order dance, dry feather, why is there a young talent to return?
All the seedlings have big breasts. What do they eat to gain weight? ⑿
fourteen
It is said that Bo Gun can't control water. Why is everyone recommending him?
They say don't worry, why not let him try?
Big turtles and owls are ruining the project. Can Bo Yunan let it go?
Dike also wants to achieve great success, why should he be executed [13].
fifteen
The road was blocked and I lost my way eastward. Why did Jesus cross CenYan again?
How can a wizard bring him back to life and turn him into a yellow bear after death?
We should sow black millet and shovel all weeds.
Why did you let him escape? Why do you hate guns so much? ⒂
sixteen
I have been imprisoned in Yushan for a long time. Why haven't I been tried for three years?
Yu Xia is the son of a cannon. Why is the treatment different?
Yu Xia inherited Gun's career and achieved great success.
What's the difference between the way the father and son treat the flood together?
seventeen
The flood is deep and bottomless. What soil did Yu Xia use to fill it up?
There is Kyushu on the ground. What soil does Yu Xia use to increase its height?
Ying Long taught Yu Xia to dredge nine rivers. How did he draw land with his tail? ⒃
Where can there be a horned dragon with a yellow bear? ⒄
eighteen
What did the gun achieve? What achievements have you made?
* * * Workers' anger cannot reach Zhoushan. Why does the earth sink to the southeast? ⒅
Yu Xia tried his best to control the water, and God called him to watch the scene below.
How did you find a woman in Tushan Stone and commit adultery with her in Taiwan Province?
nineteen
Compassion and love form a spouse, that is, having children to delay inheritance.
Why do they have different hobbies, but only seek temporary comfort? ⒆
Xia Qi replaced Boyi as king and eventually killed Boyi.
From frustration to complacency, why can Kay turn defeat into victory?
twenty
Why did Boyi fail and Yu Xia prosper?
Xia Qi sacrificed to heaven and performed nine debates and nine songs. Why do mother's fossils lead to separation?
God sent Hou Yi to earth to relieve the troubles and difficulties of Xia people.
Why did he shoot Hebo blind and take Luo Shen as his concubine?
twenty-one
Houyi has a treasure bow arc, Tianyu ■(2 1), and shot a big pig that caused harm.
Why sacrifice pork? God blames him for being lazy.
Han Zhuo and Hou Yi's concubine Chun Hu committed adultery and conspired.
Why did you shoot Hou Yi, cook him and eat his flesh? (22)
twenty-three
Chang 'e was dressed in white, beautifully dressed.
Why is she also the wife of Hou Yi, equivalent to the witch Chun Hu? (23)
Where did she get the elixir of life? She stole it to the moon.
Being a toad in the middle of the month, you can't hide yourself?
twenty-three
Born French, yin and yang rise and fall, it is not resistant;
Once Yang leaves the body, any living thing will die.
Where is the Zhongshan God who became a big bird after death and opened his throat? (24)
If God can do it, why does God want to die?
twenty-four
What does Han Zhuo's son want from her sister-in-law?
Why did Shao Kang let the dog bite into the water and cut off his head?
My sister-in-law who watered the mended clothes slept in the room together.
Why did the female spy in Shao Kang cut off the head of the female qi?
twenty-five
Han Zhuo intends to usurp the throne. Why did he relax the left and right of Hou Yi instead? (25)
What road did you take to overturn the enemy ship when cold pouring and pouring fought?
What's strange about Xia Jie conquering Mengshan and getting two women?
Why did Sister Xi betray her, and why did Cheng Tang sleep with Xia Jie? (26)
twenty-six
Xia Jie used Honghu soup and Yuxuanding (27) to worship the emperor.
He inherited the inheritance of the Xia Dynasty. Why did he finally perish?
God went to the world to observe the situation and met Yi Yin, the minister of youth.
Put out the gazebo and drive Xia Jie away. Why are people happy?
twenty-seven
Judy lives in Jiuchong Yaotai. Why did Di Ku seduce him?
Why did Judy swallow a pair of eggs sent by Xuanniao?
Shun's wife obviously lives at home. Why do you say he is a widower? (28)
Emperor Yao didn't sue his parents first. Why did he marry two women?
28
Yu Shun listened to his brother, but the elephant finally became arrogant.
Why do bad people who are inferior to pigs and dogs want to save their lives?
Bad brother wants to rape his sister-in-law and murder his brother.
Why is it that such a changeable monster, the heir will flourish instead? (29)
Twenty-nine
Wang Hai inherited Ji's inheritance and (30) learned kindness from his father.
Why did you finally die in friendship and lose your servants, cattle and sheep?
Wang Hai raped Yi's wife. Where can people witness it?
Who ordered Wang Haixian to be cut off in bed?
thirty
Wang Heng also inherited the heritage of the season, so he got the herd.
Why do you go to friendship to beg for grace and don't want to avenge your brother?
Shang Jiawei inherited Wang Hai again, but You Yi still refused to make up.
But why did you destroy Yi's home, but you slaughtered it at will and practiced the way of animals?
Thirty-one
All the way east, to the edge of the xin family.
The purpose is to find a small minister, but why did you find a young lady?
Yiyin, a junior minister, was born in Mizunokami, Iraq (3 1).
Why don't you like to take him as a slave and marry a girl?
Thirty two
Tang was imprisoned in Chongquan. What crime did you commit?
Tom has no intention of attacking Xia Jie. Who pissed him off?
Yi Yin started as a vassal of Cheng Tang and was later introduced to Xia Jie.
Why did you end up in trouble and get the treatment of imperial clan? (32)
thirty-three
Yin's temperament, who is confused and becomes confused?
Why does he listen to rumors and hate the help of etiquette?
Why did anyone expect the consequences when his luxury began to sprout?
Finally, a ten-story jade platform was built. Who finished it? (33)
Thirty four
What law did Beagan break and cut his heart?
In addition to sealing his rank and rewarding him with gold, what else can Lei Kai abide by?
Why do wise people have the same virtue but different styles?
Mei admonished the collar, wearing hair and pretending to be crazy? (34)
Thirty-five
Jiazi Dynasty, why did eight hundred governors meet in Jin Meng without an appointment (35)?
Flying all over the wild, who brought these wild geese to the battlefield?
Killing Zhou, disapproving massacre,
How can you settle down in the world between consultations when you visit the old man yourself?
Thirty-six years old
Since God gave the world to the Yin people, on what basis did he reward them?
When the future becomes ruins, where is the evil?
Who mobilized 800 princes to raise their weapons in a hurry?
Neck and neck, flanked by two wings, who is in command?
Thirty seven
Hou Ji is the eldest son. Why did God let people hurt him?
Why do birds cover him with wings when they leave him on the ice?
Why is he Sima, able to bow and shoot arrows and good at fighting?
Since God is frightened by him, why can he succeed?
Thirty eight
King Wen, chief, dressed, (36) looked at cattle and sheep with a whip.
Why did you let him expand his influence and openly replace Yin Shang?
Why do ordinary people go to Qishan to bask in the sun? (37)
Yin wanted to pamper his concubine da ji, why was she resisted?
39 years old
Yin cooked Boyikao and gave the broth to King Wen.
King Wen received his son's broth and complained to God.
Why did you personally ask God for such punishment?
So that the yin dynasty lost the world and finally could not be redeemed?
forty
Jiang Taigong is a butcher in Chao Ge. (38) Why is King Wen glad to know?
King Wu took his father's body to crusade against Yinzhou. Why is he in such a hurry?
Why did Zhou Wang and his Ji Jian hang themselves?
Cover your face with clothes, afraid to see the Emperor of Heaven? (39)
Why did God give the world to others? Give it and let others take it away?
Forty-one
Zhao Haoqi was very happy to sail all the way to the southern country where he arrived.
What are the benefits? He wants to accept the pheasant.
Mu Wang is more frivolous. Why does he want to travel around the world?
Wan Li has been running for nineteen years, chasing those eight good horses. What are you looking for?
Forty two.
What did the couple peddle in the market and found the poor little girl?
Who killed Zhou Youwang? How can it be strange?
God's temper is capricious. What is the reward?
Qi Henggong and nine princes, a vast world (40) was finally killed!
Forty three
Peng Zu is 800 years old. Why does God like his wild chicken soup again?
After living so long, why should Peng Zu be disappointed? (4 1)
Within the four seas, all countries are in the same place. Why does God make them angry?
Although bees and ants are tiny, why are they so tenacious?
44,
Qi Yi Cai Wei was laughed at by women. Why did she come to White Deer to breastfeed? (42)
What's the interest in the backcountry under shouyangshan?
Son ■ Why do you want his brother, Qin Jinggong's evil dog?
Changed a hundred cars, but it was destroyed.
Forty-five
Taber Zhong Yong fled to Wu Dong until he reached the foot of Nanyue Mountain (43).
Who would have thought of leaving this troubled place and getting two good people? (44)
He Lv, the grandson of Shoumeng, suffered from exile when he was a child.
How can he spread his bravery and brilliant martial arts after he is in his prime?
Forty-six
What did you do when you were hiding in the cave, and finally Lu and I defeated us? (45)
■ Volkswagen's daughter is extremely slutty. Why did you give birth to Yin?
Why is Du Ao so miserable when he was killed by his younger brother?
Yun Xiong killed Du Ao and started his own business. Why is the name of loyalty higher? (46)
Forty seven
It's yellow and thundering. What's so terrible about me going back?
If you refuse to pay attention to your own dignity, what can you do to ask God?
Why send troops to attack neighboring countries first? (47)
If I am willing to repent and turn over a new leaf, what can I say?
Interpretation of Heaven —— Guo Moruo
problem solving
"JIU· Govin" is difficult to understand. Many ancient myths and legends have been lost, so many questions can't be completely answered. In this poem, the situation of escaping from simplicity is more serious. The ancient books were made of bamboo slips, not many words. When the rope connecting slips is broken, slips are easy to deviate. Therefore, the order of this poem is very chaotic and must be sorted out. Qu Fu of the former Qing Dynasty did this work (48), but many people opposed him. The result of sorting is worth discussing and criticizing. However, it is a conservative view to completely oppose sorting. In the old feudal society, in order to increase the dignity of classics, classics were sanctified, and it was not allowed to change a word casually, or even add or subtract a sum casually. In addition to worshipping Qu Yuan, predecessors regarded Qu Yuan's works as classics, so they generally tended to oppose the collation of Tian Wen. There is no doubt that this is the legacy of feudal thought. I am in favor of sorting. Before translating this article, I boldly sorted it out. Of course, finishing work is also very difficult. The simplification of this article is serious, which has been the case since the Han Dynasty, and no second one can be found for reference. There is no absolute basis for sorting and restoring. Therefore, people's opinions may be very different. I just present the results sorted out according to my point of view. My opinion, even if there is a problem, but the original text exists, will not be damaged by my finishing.
This is a very important job. Although they are all put forward in the form of questions, we can get some outlines of ancient myths and legends as long as we resign those questions. Based on this, we can test the age and authenticity of myths and legends handed down from generation to generation. Where there is a summary in Tian Wen, we can safely believe that it is the real information in the pre-Qin period, not fabricated by people after Qin and Han Dynasties. This provided rich historical materials for ancient China. Most notably, some of these sketches have been confirmed by new historical materials excavated underground. For example, the legends of Wang Hai and Wang Heng, as well as the legends of Shun Di and Dijun, all found their true basis in "Oracle Bone Inscriptions".
Translation is difficult and unsatisfactory. The wonder of the original work is unique in China's literary works. I asked more than 170 questions in one breath, asking about the structure of celestial bodies and the layout on the ground before the opening of heaven and earth. From the era of myths and legends to the historical era, from things outside to the author himself, the questions were so intertwined. It's not boring at all, and it's not repetitive at all. It really shows Qu Yuan's superb skills. But despite the difficulties, translation is still necessary. Because through this article, we can see the broadness and naturalness of Qu Yuan's thought. Qu Yuan is undoubtedly a materialistic rationalist and a realistic humanist. His world outlook and outlook on life represent the progressive side of his era. The original text is difficult to understand, so translation is more necessary. In order to facilitate readers who are not easy to get close to the original text, I can't think too much about experts' censure and translate boldly.
According to legend, after Qu Yuan was exiled, he saw the murals in the temple and carved them on the wall. (49) This is entirely speculation. I don't believe that there are so many murals in any big temple, which draw invisible images before the opening of heaven and earth. As far as I know, it should be Qu Yuan who put forward his criticism of nature and history with difficulty. He was driven by a strong desire for creation and deliberately wrote a strange poem. He may have written another essay about these things, but unfortunately it has been lost.
The Warring States Period was an epoch-making moderns in China's cultural history. With his position and talent, Qu Yuan absorbed the essence of hundred schools of thought and blossomed a bunch of big red flowers as fragrant and beautiful as Chiba peony in the garden of literature.