Zhu Ziqing (November 22, 1899—August 12, 1948), formerly known as Zihua, was a famous modern writer, essayist, scholar and democracy fighter. A great poet. Originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, he was born in Donghai, Jiangsu Province, and later settled in Yangzhou with his grandfather and father. Zhu Ziqing's grandfather Zhu Zeyu, whose real name is Yu, changed his surname because he inherited Zhu's family. Being cautious, he served as a trial officer in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province for more than 1 years during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. My father's name is Hongjun, and his word is Xiaopo. He married Zhou and was a scholar. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu (191), Hongjun Zhu went to Shaobo Town, Yangzhou Prefecture, from the East China Sea. Two years later, the whole family moved to Yangzhou City and settled in Yangzhou. Zhu Ziqing's wife is named Chen Zhuyin. When I was a child, I studied in a private school and was influenced by the traditional culture of China. In 1912, he entered the higher primary school.

Zhu Ziqing lived in Yangzhou for 13 years and spent his childhood and adolescence here. His feelings about this life in the ancient city are subtle and complicated. Probably life is too monotonous, so he later said that only a "thin shadow" is left in his childhood memory, and "it's like being washed by the flood, and it's so lonely that it's shocking!" However, in the long and tortuous journey of life, childhood is, after all, the first "post station".

Yangzhou is a cultural city with beautiful scenery, with beautiful lakes and mountains and pleasant scenery. Many poets, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo and Ouyang Xiu, once lingered here, and wrote many magnificent poems. Yangzhou is also a heroic historical city. In the history of resisting foreign aggression, it has written countless brilliant chapters and left many touching stories. The beautiful scenery of the ancient city and the rich culture-advocating atmosphere have invisibly cultivated the temperament of young Zhu Ziqing, and cultivated his peaceful and upright character and interest in natural beauty. And the beautiful landscape of Yangzhou, like rain and dew, moistens his mind, nurtures his feelings, enriches his imagination, and makes his feelings full of poetry and painting forever. Yangzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, has a subtle and far-reaching influence on him.

After graduating from middle school in 1916, Zhu Ziqing was admitted to Peking University Preparatory School. Sleep, Little Man, written in February 1919, is his first poem. He was a participant in the May 4th patriotic movement and embarked on the literary road under the influence of the May 4th wave. Mao Zedong once praised Zhu Ziqing's backbone, saying that he was "seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive American' relief food'".

After graduating from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 192, he taught middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and took an active part in the New Literature Movement. In 1922, Yu Pingbo and others founded Poetry Monthly, which was the earliest poetry publication in the birth period of new poetry. He is a member of the Early Literature Research Association. In 1923, he published a long poem "Destruction", and at this time, he also wrote beautiful essays such as "Qinhuai River in the shadow of oars and lights".

In August 1925, he taught in Tsinghua University and began to study China's classical literature. The creation is mainly prose. Written in 1927, The Back and Moonlight on the Lotus Pond are well-known masterpieces. In 1931, he studied in Britain and roamed Europe. After returning to China, he wrote Miscellaneous Notes on Europe. In September 1932, he served as director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in 1937, he moved south to Kunming with the school and served as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University, teaching Song Poetry, Literary Studies and other courses. During this period, I wrote the essay Semantic Shadow. In 1946, he returned to Beijing from Kunming and served as the director of the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University.

Zhu Ziqing suffered from a serious stomach trouble in his later years. His monthly salary was only enough to buy three bags of flour, which was not enough for 12 people in his family, and he had no money to treat the disease. At that time, the Kuomintang colluded with the United States to launch a civil war, and the United States implemented a policy of helping Japan. One day, Wu Han asked Zhu Ziqing to sign the manifesto of "protesting the American policy of helping Japan and refusing to receive American aid for flour". He resolutely signed it and said, "I would rather die of poverty and illness than accept such insulting charity." On August 12th of this year (1948), Zhu Ziqing was poor and died in Beijing. Before he died, he told his wife: "I signed the document rejecting American flour, and our family will not buy American flour rationed by the Kuomintang in the future." Zhu Ziqing was seriously ill and would rather starve to death than receive "relief food" from the United States, which showed the backbone of China people. On the eve of Beijing's liberation, he died of stomach trouble.

Zhu Ziqing embarked on the road of literature. At first, he was famous for his poems. He published a long poem "Destruction" and some short poems, which were included in Snow Dynasty and Traces. Since the mid-192s, he has devoted himself to the creation of prose, including the collection of essays "The Back", "Miscellaneous Notes on Europe", "You and Me", "Miscellaneous Notes on London" and the collection of essays "Standards and Measures" and "Appreciation of Elegance and Custom". His essays include landscape writing, travel notes, lyric writing and essays. First of all, he wrote beautiful scenery with meticulous and beautiful "Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond", which showed the achievements of vernacular literature; Following the sentimental works such as The Back, Children, For the Dead Wife, he set up a model of "conversation style" prose with rich literature and nature. Finally, the poet, the scholar and the fighter are unified by the mixed feelings with subtle words and interesting reasons. He has contributed to the construction of modern prose style which is simple, lyrical and natural.

As a scholar, he has made great achievements in poetry theory, classical literature, the history of new literature and Chinese education. His works include Miscellaneous Comments on New Poetry, Argumentation on Poetry's Expression and Intention, Regular Talks on Classics, Chinese Teaching (co-authored with Ye Shengtao) and the handout Outline of China's New Literature Research. His writings are included in The Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Jiangsu Education Press).

The word is exquisite. Among his prose, the lyrical prose such as The Back, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, Wenzhou and Traces, which are included in the collections of The Back and You and Me, has higher artistic achievements. Zhu Ziqing's prose is not only good at description, but also achieves the artistic realm of scene blending in description.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the prose creation of modern literature, and his use of vernacular Chinese to describe the landscape is the most attractive. For example, in "Green", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are delicately and deeply drawn by means of metaphor and contrast, and the writing is deliberately demanding, showing the superb skills of controlling the language and writing.

His consummate skill in writing is even more vivid in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in the moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in a blue sky and a beauty out of the bath; When describing the faint fragrance of lotus, the phrase "like a faint song floating from a distant building" is used, which compares the fragrance with singing and the lightness of fragrance with faintness. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Compared with the above-mentioned flowery metaphor, Zhu Ziqing has another language style of prose, that is, using plain language to express sincere and deep feelings in simple narration. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and progressive heart, such as "The Price of Life-Seventy cents" and "White People-God's Favorite! All of them are masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is Back. This essay depicts a farewell picture of a father and son at the station. In this paper, the action of my father climbing the platform is described in plain words, and the true feelings between father and son are conveyed in funny and clumsy actions. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family.

works

zhu zuo

Zhu Ziqing worked hard all his life. There are 26 kinds of poems, essays, reviews and academic research works, with about two million words. Most of them were collected in the four volumes of Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing published by Kaiming Bookstore in 1953. In 1988, Jiangsu Education Publishing House collected, sorted out and published six volumes of Zhu Ziqing's Complete Works. Although Zhu Ziqing began to write new poems after the May 4th Movement, the Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddles and Lights published in 1923 showed his talent in prose creation. From then on, he devoted himself to prose creation and made remarkable achievements. The collection of essays "Back" published in 1928 made Zhu Ziqing a famous prose writer at that time.

Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative and lyrical essays. The theme of his works can be divided into three series: first, a group of essays with the main content of writing about social life and attacking the dark reality. The representative works are The Price of Life-Seventy cents, White People-God's Favorite, and The Massacre of Executive Government. Second, a group of essays represented by The Back, Children and Mourning Women, which mainly describe personal and family life, show the human relationship between father and son, husband and wife and friends, and have a strong human touch. Thirdly, a group of lyrical sketches based on natural scenery, such as Green, Spring, Qinhuai River in the Shadow of Paddle Lights, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, are its representative works. The latter two kinds of essays are the best written by Zhu Ziqing, among which "The Back" and "Moonlight on the Lotus Pond" are well-known masterpieces. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear and gloomy, famous for its refined language and beautiful writing, and full of true feelings.

His landscape prose occupies an important position in the prose creation of modern literature, and his use of vernacular Chinese to describe the landscape is the most attractive. For example, in "Green", the quality and color of plum rain pool Waterfall are delicately and deeply drawn by means of metaphor and contrast, and the writing is deliberately demanding, showing the superb skills of controlling the language and writing.

His consummate skill in writing is even more vivid in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond. For example, when describing the beauty of lotus in the moonlight, the author compares it to a pearl, a star in a blue sky and a beauty out of the bath; When describing the faint fragrance of lotus, the phrase "like a faint song floating from a distant building" is used, which compares the fragrance with singing and the lightness of fragrance with faintness. This synaesthesia technique is accurate and wonderful.

Zhu Ziqing also has another language style of prose, that is, using plain language to express sincere and deep feelings in simple narration. This kind of works can often show the author's integrity, enthusiasm and progressive heart, such as The Price of Life-7 cents, White People-God's Favorite! All of them are masterpieces of this style, and the most influential one is Back. This essay washes away his old lead, and through his father's every move, the reader seems to see the author's bleak family and his father's deep love for his son.

Bibliography of Works

zhu zuo shu mu

Snow Dynasty (poetry anthology) in 1922, Business

Traces (poetry and prose) in 1924, Yadong Library

Back (prose anthology) in 1928, Enlightened

Miscellaneous Notes on Europe Tour. Business

London Miscellaneous Notes (Prose Collection) 1943, Enlightened

Chinese Teaching (Essay Collection) 1945, Enlightened

Classic Talk (Essay Collection) 1946, Wenguang

Poems, Words, Ambitions (Poetics) 1947. Wen guang

collected works of Chinese (essays) in 1948, Mingshan Bookstore

Appreciation of Elegance and Custom (essays) in 1948, Observatories

Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing (1-4 volumes) in 1953, and Enlightened

Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing's Classical Literature. Baihua

Complete Works of Zhu Ziqing (Volume 1-3) In 1988, Jiangsu Education (not yet published)-

Zhu Ziqing's prose collection:

1. Hurriedly

2. Singing

3. Qinhuai River in the shadow of oars and lights

Plum blossom > Postscript

1, White Man-God's Favourite

11, Huaiwei holds a young gentleman

12, Ahe

13, Children

14, Mourning for Wei Jiesan

15, Travel Miscellanies. Preface

22, Spring

23, Green

On Peixian by Famous Scholars

ming jia lun pei xuan

Yu Dafu's Two Essays of China New Literature Series: Although Zhu Ziqing is a poet, his prose is still full of that kind of poetry. Among the prose writers in the Literature Research Association, except for Ms. Bing Xin, the beauty of the article depends on him.

Mr. Zhu Peixian by Ye Shengtao: When it comes to the perfection of style and the ability to write words, Mr. Zhu should be mentioned first.

Lin Fei's Notes on the Prose of Sixty Modern Scholars: Zhu Ziqing's success is that he is good at expressing his inner feelings about natural scenery delicately through accurate observation.

Zhu Dexi's "On Zhu Ziqing's Prose": Zhu Ziqing's prose is very particular about language, even if it is a word or two, he will never relax. However, his emphasis on language is by no means rhetoric.

Ye Shengtao: Every time I reread Brother Pei Xian's prose, I think of the fun of listening to his gossip. It's vast in the world, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, and full of interest without pretending to be profound. I often think, didn't I have his experience and her desire? Now I just passed by, but he held on tight. He can also express it properly, either light or strong, with a very positive and mellow taste.

an anecdote about Pei Xian

pei xuan yi shi

A letter asking for help from my father

After the Lugouqiao Incident, Mr. Zhu Ziqing went to the rear area. He wrote to Li Jianwu, who was teaching in Shanghai at that time, asking him to help his old father who lived in Yangzhou nearby. Li Jianwu naturally wouldn't let the teacher down. Then, why does Mr. Zhu Ziqing have the confidence to trust others so much? It turns out that the two men have already established a deep friendship between teachers and students. -After the summer vacation in 1925, Mr. Zhu Ziqing came to Tsinghua University as a professor of China Literature Department. Li Jianwu just graduated from the middle school affiliated to Beijing Normal University and was admitted to the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University. In the first class, Mr. Zhu Ziqing called the roll and asked Li Jianwu, "Li Jianwu, this name is strange, is it the Li Jianwu who often writes articles in newspapers?" Li Jianwu replied: "I dare not hide from the teacher, it's me." It is true that when he was studying in the middle school attached to Normal University, Li Jianwu and Jian Xianai organized a fire club to engage in new literary activities. "Then I already know you!" Mr. Zhu said happily. After class, Mr. Zhu Ziqing advised Li Jianwu: "You want to learn creative writing. It's not appropriate to study Chinese, so you'd better transfer to the Foreign Languages Department." At that time, the Chinese department only read ancient books, so Mr. Zhu Ziqing said so. Li Jianwu listened to Mr. Zhu Ziqing's words and transferred to the Foreign Languages Department the next year. Although the teachers and students are not in the same department, Li Jianwu wrote works and gave them to Zhu Xian first.