19 12, Song Ziwen went to study in the United States and entered the famous Harvard University. 19 15 graduated with honors and obtained a master's degree in economics. Later, he came to new york, the largest city in the United States, where he worked for Citibank and attended a lecture at Columbia University to study for a doctorate in economics. Although Song Ziwen is only an ordinary employee in Citibank, mainly helping to handle remittances to China, he has a better understanding of international financial business, which not only broadens his horizons, but also lays a certain foundation for his future financial career.
Song Ziwen graduated from Columbia University with a doctorate. In the same year, he left the United States and returned to China with his sister Song Meiling. Later, he was employed as the secretary of the Shanghai office of Hanyeping Company founded by Sheng Xuanhuai, a bureaucrat in the late Qing Dynasty. During this period, Song Ziwen fell in love with Sheng Jinru, the sister of Sheng Zecheng, the son of Sheng Xuanhuai. In order to break up the couple, Hanyeping Company transferred Song Ziwen to Hanyang, and Song Ziwen announced his resignation in a rage. After that, he returned to Shanghai and became the general manager of Lianhua Commercial Bank. At the same time, he established Continental Industrial Company and Shenzhou Trust Company to engage in financial and commercial activities. 1923 In February, Sun Yat-sen set up the Grand Marshal's Office in Lu Haijun, and was in urgent need of financial talents. Soong Ching Ling recommended his younger brother Song Ziwen to him. 1923 In March, Song Ziwen came to Guangzhou and worked as a secretary in the base camp of Marshal Lu Haijun. On April 24th, Song Ziwen was appointed as the preparatory official of the Central Bank. On May 29th, Sun Yat-sen appointed Lin Yunchang as the governor of the central bank in preparation, and Song Ziwen as the deputy governor. 19 days later, that is, in June of 17, Lin Yunkun resigned and became the acting president of Song Ziwen. At that time, Guangdong's financial and economic chaos, Song Ziwen introduced modern western monetary banking theory and related systems, and presided over the drafting of the central bank's articles of association and organizational rules. After more than a year of preparation,1On August 2, 924, the Central Bank was announced, and Sun Yat-sen appointed Song Ziwen as the governor of the Central Bank.
10, Sun Yat-sen was seriously ill in Beiping, and sent an urgent telegram to Song Ziwen, requesting to return to Beijing. On March 65438+2, 2002, Sun Yat-sen passed away, and Song Ziwen was one of the witnesses. He signed two wills of Sun Yat-sen and participated in funeral activities, which greatly improved his position in the Kuomintang. 1925 15 In July, the National Government was established in Guangzhou, with Song Ziwen as Minister of Finance, Director of Finance of Guangdong Province and Governor of the Central Bank. Soon, Song Ziwen also served as the director of Guangdong Department of Commerce and the chief auditor of Guangdong and Guangxi Salt Affairs, in charge of the central and Guangdong finance. Thanks to Song Ziwen's excellent management ability, the government's financial situation was further improved, which provided a guarantee for the National Government to consolidate its base areas and start the Northern Expedition. Therefore, Song Ziwen has also established its authoritative position in finance and financial circles. 1926 After the Northern Expedition began, Song Ziwen, then the director of Guangdong and Guangxi Salt Audit Office, actively raised funds to guarantee the war. 1926 12 The Kuomintang Central Committee decided to move its capital to Wuhan, and Song Ziwen and Soong Ching Ling left Guangdong for the north. After the establishment of the Wuhan National Government, Song Ziwen, as a member of the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang and Minister of Finance, became one of the decision makers.
After the split between Nanjing and Han, Song Ziwen was sent to Nanjing by Wuhan government on March 27th. On the one hand, "discourage Chiang from splitting"; On the one hand, trying to control the Jiangsu-Zhejiang consortium. On March 29th, Song arrived in Shanghai, immediately set up the Shanghai office of the Ministry of Finance, and began to receive financial affairs in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. 1927 In April, Chiang Kai-shek launched the April 12 coup, and another government was established, but Song Ziwen did not participate until the end of the year. 1928 After Chiang Kai-shek came to power again in February, Song Ziwen became the finance minister of Nanjing National Government. 1 928165438+1October1,the central bank went public, with Song Ziwen as the president and chairman. Later, he served as a member of the National Government, a member of the National Defense Conference, a deputy director of the Special Diplomatic Committee, a standing member of the National Economic Committee, and a vice president of the Executive Yuan.
193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Chiang Kai-shek was electrified to step down on 12+05. In order to express the common advance and retreat with Chiang Kai-shek, Song Ziwen submitted his resignation to the National Government on February 20th 12, and the Vice President of the Executive Yuan and the Minister of Finance performed their respective duties. After Sun Ke left office,1October 30 1932 to 65438+ was appointed as the vice president and finance minister of the Executive Yuan. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek came back to power and the two cooperated again.
Later, Chiang Kai-shek asked Song Ziwen to provide huge military expenditure for "suppressing * * *", which intensified the contradiction between them. Coupled with the pro-Japanese boycott of pro-American Song Ziwen, Song Ziwen resigned as Minister of Finance and Vice-President of the Executive Yuan on1October 29 1933, and was replaced by Kong Xiangxi.
After his resignation, Song Ziwen toured the northwest, which promoted the development and construction of the northwest to some extent. 1934 on may 3 1, Song Ziwen initiated the establishment of China construction bank co., ltd, and the introduction of foreign capital was its important goal. 1In March, 935, Song Ziwen became the chairman of the Bank of China and actively participated in the currency reform, but it also caused the rapid expansion of bureaucratic monopoly capital.
1936 After the incident broke out in February, Song advocated a peaceful settlement, and then went to negotiate with representatives of Zhang Xueliang, Yang Hucheng and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, making contributions to the peaceful settlement of the incident and the joint national anti-Japanese war. At the beginning of the 1937 All-round Anti-Japanese War, Song Ziwen publicly expressed his determination to carry it through to the end. He said: "Even if Shanghai and the defense north of the Yellow River fail, the China government will not stop fighting with the Japanese." He arrived in Chongqing at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War and served as a director of the Board of Directors of Bank of China.
During the period of 1940, Song Ziwen, as the representative of Chiang Kai-shek, stayed in the United States to seek American assistance for Chiang Kai-shek. After the Pacific War broke out, Song Ziwen became Foreign Minister and stayed in new york. He often travels back and forth between Europe and the United States, seeking support and help. 1February, 944, Song Ziwen resigned as the chairman of China Bank and was replaced by Kong Xiangxi. On February 4, 65438, the acting president of the Executive Yuan was still the foreign minister.
1On April 7th, 945, Song Ziwen went to the United States from Chongqing to attend the meeting in San Francisco and participated in the formulation of the Charter of the United Nations. 1945 In May, Chiang Kai-shek resigned as the premier, and Song Ziwen took over on June 25th. On June 30th, Song Ziwen and Soviet Deputy Foreign Ministers Victor Hoo Chi-tsai and Jiang Jingguo went to the Soviet Union to negotiate with Stalin and Molotov. On July 30, he resigned as a part-time foreign minister and became a full-time executive dean. On August 7, he went to Moscow to participate in the second phase of Sino-Soviet negotiations. Under the promise of the Soviet Union to support the national government in reunifying China and not providing any assistance to China, Song Ziwen made a series of concessions and signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance on August 14, 2004, recognizing the independence of Outer Mongolia.
1945 18 February 18, Song Ziwen became the cover of Time magazine published on this day. From 65438 to 0946, Song Ziwen also served as the chairman of the Supreme Economic Committee and regained financial and economic power. However, due to the deterioration of inflation in the Kuomintang-controlled areas caused by the civil war, Song Ziwen opened the gold foreign exchange market and attracted hot money by selling a lot of gold, which triggered the gold wave and the post-war economic crisis. Song Ziwen was forced to resign in February, 1947, and was allowed to do so. On May 1 1, the vice-chairman of the joint office of People's Bank of China, Song Ziwen, the Central Bank, Bank of Communications and Farmers Bank was removed.
1947 In April, Song Ziwen was appointed as a member of the National Government. In September, at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Kuomintang, Song was re-elected as the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee. On September 20th, Song Ziwen was appointed as a member and chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government. 1 947 65438+1October1,Song Ziwen officially took office in Guangdong.
During his administration in Guangdong, Song Ziwen painstakingly managed the police force and public security team, and also launched a "comprehensive sweep and key attack" on China guerrillas throughout the province. 65438+ 19491October 28th, China * * * announced the list of the most important civil war criminals who must be arrested immediately, and Song Ziwen ranked second after Chiang Kai-shek.
1October 20th, Song Ziwen went to Nanking to meet Chiang Kai-shek. The next day, Chiang Kai-shek stepped down, and Song Ziwen also announced his resignation as chairman of Guangdong and Guangxi. On 24th, Mr. and Mrs. Song Ziwen flew to Hongkong. 1On April 23rd, 949, the People's Liberation Army captured Nanjing. On May 6th, Mr. and Mrs. Song Ziwen left Hongkong for Paris. On June 9th, Mrs Song Ziwen flew to new york, USA. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/950, Song Ziwen received an urgent telegram from Chiang Kai-shek, asking him to return to Taiwan Province province. 1950 In February, the Standing Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee passed a resolution asking him to return to Taiwan Province Province, but Song Ziwen refused again. 1953, Chiang Kai-shek approved the expulsion of Song Ziwen from the Kuomintang.
1963 In February, Song Ziwen finally accepted Chiang Kai-shek's invitation to visit Taiwan. He stayed in the Chiang family's villa in northern Taipei for a few days. He held talks with "unnamed officials". After returning to the United States, Song Ziwen described his trip to harriman in detail, as if to test whether the United States changed its attitude of supporting Chiang Kai-shek to "recover" the mainland. Joseph alsop said to harriman, "President Jiang and his wife hate Wen Zi and invited him to Taiwan Province Province only because they think he is good at analyzing the intentions of the US government."
After retiring from politics, Song Ziwen spent most of his time and experience on the second and third generations of the Song family. Song Ziwen usually takes a walk for an hour after lunch. His little pastime is playing cards with his friends. Love his grandson Feng very much. 19601October 4th wrote in an English letter to Feng in San Francisco: "Dear Mike, I am in San Francisco now, and I worry about you every day, but I will come back with many Hawaiian gifts soon. Do you like the photos sent to you? There are pictures of my father-in-law, grandma, Lisa and others on it. Kiss you. "
In April, two years after Song Zian's death, Song Ziwen and his wife Zhang Leyi went to San Francisco to visit relatives and friends again. 197 1 at 7: 00 pm local time on April 25th, Song Ziwen was having dinner in an apartment atNo. Jones Street 1250, San Francisco, when he choked to death because of eating, and suddenly fell to the ground at the age of 77.