Song Huizong (108210-1 1 35 June11), Evonne, emperor Hui Zong, emperor junliexun, saint Wen rende, and Song Shenzong's eleven sons were the eighth sons of China song dynasty. Yuan Feng is eight years old (660. Three years less (1096) was crowned king. His elder brother Song Zhezong was childless and passed on to him after his death. He reigned for 25 years (1100-1125). During the reign of Evonne, he pursued a luxurious life excessively. During his reign, Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Gao Qiu, Yang Jian and other treacherous officials presided over the court affairs, plundered the wealth of the people, and indulged in extravagance. Establish an article manufacturing bureau dedicated to the royal family. They also searched around for exotic flowers and stones and transported them to Kaifeng, called "Flower Stone Class", to build Yanfu Palace and Genyue. I spent 70% of my father's property left in the world at that time. He believed in Taoism, calling himself "the founder of Taoism, Emperor Daojun", built a large number of temples, set up 26 Taoist officials and paid Taoist salaries. During his reign, the rebellion led by Fang La and Song Jiang broke out. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), he sent envoys to make peace with the rulers and attack Liao. In the seventh year of Xuanhe, Jin Jun went south to attack the Song Dynasty. He was transferred to Zhao Huan (Qinzong) and claimed to be the emperor's father. In August of the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Emperor Taizong of Jin once again ordered the east and west armies to go south on a large scale. Sun Fu, the minister of the Song Ministry of War, pinned his hopes on Taoist Guo Jing and defeated the enemy with "Liu Jiafa", but the magic was defeated. The nomads took the opportunity to attack the city in four ways, and the nomads captured Bianjing. Song Qinzong sent a special envoy to Jin Ying to seek peace, but Han Zong and Wang Zong refused. In February of the second year of Jingkang (the fifth year of Tianhui, 1 127), Jin Taizong wrote a letter to abolish the emblem and Qin dynasty and was demoted. The Northern Song Dynasty perished (960- 1 127), and the second emperor was captured and sent to the north. Then he was taken to the north and imprisoned. In July of the eighth year of Tianhui (1 130), he moved the Second Emperor to Wu Guocheng (now the North Old Town of yilan county, Heilongjiang) and put him under house arrest. When we arrived in the five kingdoms city, only 140 men and women accompanied us. During his exile, Hui Zong was still personable and good at writing poems, and he was deeply touched by reading Biography of Li Bi in Tang Dynasty. Five years later, Tianhui died in Wu Guocheng in the 13th year (Shaoxing five years, 1 135). Cremation according to local customs. In February of the first year of imperial unification (111), in order to improve the relationship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Xizong of Jin made the dead Hui Zong the king of Tianshui County and Emperor Qinzong the duke of Tianshui County. First, the level has improved. Originally, he was named the second-class confused Duke, and Wang was chased as the first class. The original Qin zong was named the third-class faint Hou, and now he is promoted to the second class. The second is to remove the meaning of pollution in the original title. The third is to take Tianshui County of Zhao as the national title to show respect. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), in March, the Shaoxing peace talks between Song and Jin completely completed all the procedures. In the summer of April, Ding Mao (1 142 in May, 1), Wei Xianfei, the mother of Emperor Gaozong, and Hui Zong's coffin were sent back to the Song Dynasty. In August of the same year, 10 many ox carts arrived in Lin 'an. In October, Hui Zong was temporarily buried in Huiji (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was named Yongguling (later renamed Yongjiuling). Hui Zong loved art, and when he was in office, he raised the status of a painter to the highest position in the history of China, and established the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute, which was then the Palace Painting Academy. Taking painting as the examination method of imperial examination promotion and taking poetry as the topic inspires many new creative stories every year. For example, the title is "Ancient Temple in the Mountain". Many people painted the cornices of temples in the deep mountains, but the one who won the first prize did not draw any houses, but only painted a monk carrying water in a mountain stream. Another topic is "Step on Flowers and Return to Horseshoe". The first one didn't draw any flowers, only one person rode a horse, butterflies flew around horseshoes, and so on. All these have greatly stimulated the development of artistic conception of Chinese painting. His meticulous observation of nature once wrote: "Peacock must lift his left leg first if he wants to climb high" and other theoretical articles about painting. Collect cultural relics of past dynasties extensively, and make subordinates edit famous art history books such as Xuan He Shu Pu, Xuan He Hua Pu and Xuan He Bo Lu Gu. It has made considerable contributions to the study of art history. Hui Zong also likes to inscribe poems on his favorite calligraphy and painting, which is called "imperial painting" by later generations. Because many paintings don't leave the author's name, he is good at painting himself. It is not difficult to tell whether these paintings are Evonne's works. There is a view that his original works include Poems, Willow Duck, Late Autumn Pond, Bamboo Birds and Four Birds, while Lotus Golden Rooster and Mera Mountain Birds are imperial paintings. In addition, Hui Zong's original thin gold calligraphy is unparalleled in the world, and I believe no one can surpass it until today. This thin gold calligraphy is tall and straight, beautiful, elegant and sharp. Even people who don't know calligraphy at all will feel excellent after reading it. Immortal calligraphy works in Shoujin style include Shoujin Thousand-character Works, Two Poems Borrowed from Wind and Frost, Summer Poems, and Zhang Postscript of Ou Yangxun Hanshu, etc. Since then, no one can reach his height for more than 800 years, and he can be called the first person in ancient and modern times. Hui Zong respected Taoism, built a palace view, claimed to be the founder of Daojun Emperor, and often invited Taoist priests to visit fortune-teller. His birthday was May 5th, and the Taoist thought it was unlucky, so he changed his name to10+00. His zodiac sign is a dog, so killing dogs is forbidden in Bianjing City. At the end of a.d. 1 126 leap 1 1, the nomads from the army went south again. 65438+February 65438+May 5, Bianjing was breached, Di Chin abolished Song Huizong, and Zhao Huan was Shu Ren. 1 127 at the end of March, Hui Di and Qin, together with thousands of empresses, royal families and officials, as well as musicians, skilled craftsmen, French drivers, robes, ritual vessels, astronomical instruments, treasures and toys, imperial books and maps of state capitals around the world, were escorted to Beijing North and Beijing Central. So it happened in Jingkang period, which is called "Jingkang Change" in history. It is said that when Song Huizong heard that the treasure was looted, he didn't care. When he heard that the Royal Library was also robbed, he sighed. Song Huizong was humiliated on the way to be escorted. First, the love princess Wang Wanrong was forcibly taken away by Jinjiang. Then, after arriving in the capital of Xu Jin Guo, he was ordered to wear mourning clothes with Zhao Huan and visit the temple in Akuta, Jin Taizu, which means that Di Chin dedicated the prisoners to his ancestors. Later, Song Huizong was humiliated by Di Chin and imprisoned in Hanzhou (now Changtu County, Liaoning Province), and then moved to Wu Guocheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang Province) to be imprisoned. During his imprisonment, Song Huizong suffered mental torture, and wrote many poems of regret, sadness and desolation, such as "The West Wind is Broken All Night" and "Lonely and Depression in Yi Deng". Looking back three thousand miles, there are no geese flying in the south of Shannan. 11July 27, Cao Xun, the courtier who sent him, fled to the Southern Song Dynasty from Jin Secret. Before he left, he gave him a vest he wore, which said, "Come and save your parents." Song Huizong showed these words to the courtiers around him, and all the courtiers cried. Song Huizong cried and exhorted Cao Xun, remembering to tell Emperor Gaozong "Don't forget the pain of my northbound journey", then took out a white gauze handkerchief to wipe his tears, and then gave it to Cao Xun, saying, "Let the emperor (Emperor Gaozong) know that I miss my old country and shed tears." Song Huizong was imprisoned for nine years. 1/kloc-0 died in Wu Guocheng at the age of 54 on Jiazi Day in April, 35. Jin Xizong buried him in Guangning, Henan Province (near Luoyang City, Henan Province). On 11August 421day, Song and Jin transported the body back to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) as agreed, and buried it in the mausoleum. Song Huizong's signature is very distinctive. It looks like a word "Tian", but the first stroke of the word "Tian" is a distance from the one below. It means "one person under the sun". When Song Huizong was in office, he collected antiques, calligraphy and painting extensively, expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy, and asked civil servants to edit books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Painting Spectrum and Xuanhe Bo Gu Picture, which greatly promoted and advocated the art of painting. Playing the bomb, painting and calligraphy, singing and lyrics are all good. I have a lot of works in my life, all of which have been lost. The existing paintings include Furong Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in the Pond, Four Birds and Guixue River. There is a collection of Song Huizong's Ci. Before he became emperor, he liked painting and calligraphy, and he interacted with painters such as Xu captain and imperial clan Zhao. After he acceded to the throne, he made great achievements in painting and calligraphy, and made important contributions to the development of China's painting, one of which was the emphasis and development of the Academy of Painting. In the third year of Chongning (1 104), paintings were established and formally included in the imperial examination to attract painters from all over the world. Painting credits include Buddhism, Taoism, figures, landscapes, birds and animals, flowers and trees, houses and trees, and ancient poems are selected as examination questions. After being admitted, they are divided into "scholar flow" and "miscellaneous flow" according to their identity, living in different places, cultivating and constantly assessing. Those who enter the Academy will be awarded the titles of painting correction, art study, waiting for imperial edict, honouring and painting student. At that time, the status of painters was obviously improved, and both clothing and salary were higher than other artists. With such generous treatment and Hui Zong's guidance and care for the creation of the Academy as a painter, the creation of the Academy in this period was the most prosperous. Under his instruction, the royal collection was also greatly enriched, and the paintings and calligraphy collected in the palace were compiled into Xuanhe Shupu and Xuanhe Huapu, which became important materials for studying the history of ancient painting today. Song Huizong's own creative face is not as exquisite as he asked the painters in the Academy of Painting, but a rough ink painting. Among the works handed down from ancient times, there are many signed works, but the paintings are more detailed, such as "Dragon Stone Map", "Lotus Golden Rooster Map", "Listening to Songs", "Snow River Returning to Mountain Map" (all in the Palace Museum), "Ruihetu" (in the Liaoning Provincial Museum) and "Bamboo and Birds" (in the Metropolitan Museum of America). Both paintings are ink and wash paper, and the brushwork is simple, not flashy and natural. The Autumn Night Map of Pond collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei also belongs to this category. The famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is also related to this painting and calligraphy emperor. After Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the Millennium, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Huizong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost). After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the thriving Hui Zong Xuanhe Painting Academy came to an end, and some painters of the Academy gradually gathered in Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and resumed their posts in the Academy, becoming the backbone of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy. Li Tang, Liu Zonggu, Yang Shixian, Li Di, Li Anzhong, Su Hanchen, Julie and Li Congxun all belong to this situation. Although Song Gaozong was not active in politics, he still attached great importance to painting and calligraphy. Especially later, he used painting to serve his politics and organized painters to create. Therefore, in the Southern Song Dynasty, painting activities were mainly centered on the Academy of Painting. Song Huizong Evonne's "Thin Gold Book" is highly valued by calligraphers, and coins such as Chongning Daguan written in this font are collectors' favorite treasures. The Book History Society commented: "Hui Zong's cursive brushwork is correct, vigorous and free and easy. He is a beginner in learning discipline, changing his statutes, calling himself a thin book, and being natural with his heart. " His paintings attach great importance to sketching, especially flower-and-bird paintings, and attach great importance to details, so they are famous for their accuracy and realism. Hui Zong loved art, and when he was in office, he raised the status of a painter to the highest position in the history of China, and established the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute, which was then the Palace Painting Academy. Taking painting as the examination method of imperial examination promotion and taking poetry as the topic inspires many new creative stories every year. For example, the title is "Ancient Temple in the Mountain". Many people painted the cornices of temples in the deep mountains, but the one who won the first prize did not draw any houses, but only painted a monk carrying water in a mountain stream. Another topic is "Step on Flowers and Return to Horseshoe". The first one didn't draw any flowers, only one person rode a horse, butterflies flew around horseshoes, and so on. All these have greatly stimulated the development of artistic conception of Chinese painting. His meticulous observation of nature once wrote: "Peacock must lift his left leg first if he wants to climb high" and other theoretical articles about painting. Collect cultural relics of past dynasties extensively, and make subordinates edit famous art history books such as Xuan He Shu Pu, Xuan He Hua Pu and Xuan He Bo Lu Gu. It has made considerable contributions to the study of art history. Hui Zong also likes to inscribe poems on his favorite calligraphy and painting, which is called "imperial painting" by later generations. Because many paintings don't leave the author's name, he is good at painting himself. It is not difficult to tell whether these paintings are Evonne's works. Some people think that his original works include Liu Yatu, Late Autumn Pond, Bamboo Bird and Four Birds. "Lotus Golden Rooster" and "Mera Mountain Birds" are imperial paintings. Song Huizong also personally wrote a topic, leaving a much-told story: One day, Zhao Ji returned in the spring and was in his prime, so he held a unique painting exam in the Imperial Garden, with the theme of "Return of Horseshoe and Fragrant Flowers". Here, "flowers", "return" and "the sound of hooves" are all well expressed, but "fragrance" is an intangible thing, which is difficult to express by painting. Although many painters have the reputation of being skillful, they all look at each other and can't write. Some paintings show a rider returning from a spring outing with a flower in his hand; Some horseshoes still have a few petals, but they can't show the word "fragrance". Only a young painter is clever and willing to write. The conception of the painting is unique: several butterflies are flying around the running horseshoe, which vividly shows that the horseshoe still has a strong fragrance when it comes back from flowers. Song Huizong leaned down to have a look, clapped his hands and praised, "Wonderful! Wonderful! Wonderful! " Then he commented, "The beauty of this painting lies in its wonderful conception and deep artistic conception. Invisible flowers are' fragrant' and tangible on paper, which makes people feel fragrant! " When all the painters heard this, they felt ashamed. He also developed court painting, recruited painters, founded Xuanhe Painting Academy, and trained a number of outstanding painters such as Simon, Zhang Zeduan and Li Tang in Rainbow. He compiled books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Huapu and Xuanhe Bo Gu Map. It is a precious historical book in the study of art history, and it still has extremely important reference value. He worshipped Taoism, wrote many letters to search for Taoist books, set up a Confucian classics bureau, and sorted out Taoist books. Zheng He Wan Shou Dao Cang, compiled during Zheng He's reign, is the first fully published Taoist anthology in China, and it is a rare and precious historical material for studying Taoist history and classics. The History of Taoism and the History of Immortals ordered by him are also the largest biographies of Taoist history and deified figures in the history of China. Song Huizong also personally wrote books such as Notes on Tao Te Ching, Notes on Virtue True Classics and South China True Classics, which provided complete information for the study of Taoist books in China.